Henry's allegiance was to be the last example of Byzantine political control on peninsular Italy.

After that, only Philadelpheia and a handful of ports remained under Byzantine control in Asia Minor.

Despite these troubles Andronikos III secured the extension of Byzantine control over Thessaly in 1333 and Epirus in 1337, by taking advantage of succession crises in these principalities.

In spite of several not insignificant reverses at the hands of Bulgarians, Serbians, and Ottomans, the Emperor had provided the Empire with active leadership, had cooperated with able administrators, and had come closer than any of his predecessors in re-establishing Byzantine control over the Greek peninsula.

The Ostrogothic kingdom persisted until 553 under Teia, when Italy returned briefly to Byzantine control.

However, the weight of Byzantine Imperial influence and the threat of continual Turkish raids, discouraged a formal separation of the Galatians and instead they returned to the orbit of Byzantine control.

Byzantine control over the sites of Israel and Judah and other parts of the Levant lasted until 636, when it was conquered by Arabs and became a part of the Caliphate.

The territory remained under Roman ( Byzantine ) control until the Slavic migrations of the 7th century, and was integrated into the Bulgarian Empire in the 9th century.

* 475 – Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople, and his general, Basiliscus gains control of the empire.

Grimoald managed to regain control over the duchies and deflected the late attempt of the Byzantine emperor Constans II to conquer southern Italy.

The Eastern Roman Empire, conventionally referred to as the " Byzantine Empire " after the fall of its western counterpart, had little ability to assert control over the lost western territories.

Even though Byzantine emperors maintained a claim over the territory, and no barbarian king in the west dared to elevate himself to the position of Emperor of the West, Byzantine control of most of the West could not be sustained ; the reconquest of the Italian peninsula and Mediterranean periphery by Justinian was the sole, and temporary, exception.

In the 13th and 14th centuries, Byzantine control was punctuated by periods of Bulgarian and Serbian rule.

As the Byzantine control waned, the Giudicati appeared.

The fall of Bursa meant the loss of Byzantine control over Northwestern Anatolia.

Far more subtle than the Crusades, but far more successful over the long run, was Urban II's program of bringing Campania and Sicily firmly into the Catholic sphere after generations of control under the Byzantine Empire and the Aghlabid and Fatimid emirs.

The Byzantine Empire took advantage of the decline in Skopje to regain influence in the area, but lost control of it once again in 1282 to King Stefan Uroš II Milutin of Serbia.

The Byzantine Empire however was not theocratic since the patriarch answered to the emperor, not vice versa ; similarly in Tudor England the crown forced the church to break away from Rome so the royal ( and, especially later, parliamentary ) power could assume full control of the now Anglican hierarchy and confiscate most church property and income.

Though the Byzantines recovered control of the ravaged city a half century later, the Byzantine Empire was terminally weakened, and existed as a ghost of its old self until Sultan Mehmet The Conqueror took the city in 1453.

He gives Maximian control over the Western Roman Empire and appoints himself ruler of the Eastern Roman Empire ( later known as the Byzantine Empire ).

A little later the district attorney woke up, emerged from under the couch, looked at his watch, and realized he had an engagement that very hour to address a meeting of the Culture Forum on `` The Civic Spirit of the Southland '', in the Byzantine room of the hotel where his wife, as president of the forum, was to preside.

Konstantinos Porphyrogennetos, the fourth emperor of the Macedonian dynasty of the Byzantine Empire in the 9th century AD, referred to Asia Minor as East thema, " ανατολικόν θέμα " ( from the Greek words anatoli: east, thema: administrative division ), placing this region to the East of Byzantium, while Europe was lying to the West.

The Aegean Sea was later invaded by the Persians and the Romans, and inhabited by the Byzantine Empire, the Bulgarians, the Venetians, the Genoeses, the Seljuq Turks, and the Ottoman Empire.

In the Byzantine Empire, Anatolikon called also Theme of the Anatolics ( ανατολικόν θέμα ) was a theme covering the western and central parts of Turkey's present-day Central Anatolian Region.

In the Byzantine Empire, Anatolikon called also Theme of the Anatolics ( ανατολικόν θέμα ) was a theme covering the western and central parts of Turkey's present-day Central Anatolian Region.

Control of Anatolia was then split between the Byzantine Empire and the Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm, with the Byzantine holdings gradually being reduced.

Among the Turkmen leaders the Ottomans emerged as great power under Osman and his son Orhan I. Smyrna was conquered in 1330 AD, and the last Byzantine possession, Philadélphia ( modern Alaşehir ), fell in 1390 AD.

The family was Byzantine Catholic and attended St. John Chrysostom Byzantine Catholic Church.

While the Byzantine Empire was to continue for nearly another four centuries, and the Crusades would contest the issue for some time, the victory at Manzikert signalled the beginning of Turkish ascendancy in Anatolia.

There also is no mention of Troy, which was not far from Constantinople, capital of the Byzantine empire and militarily beyond the reach of the Vikings.

Carved in high relief from a single piece of agate, this extraordinary vase was most likely created in an imperial workshop for a Byzantine emperor.

Like his father, Alboin was raised a pagan, although Audoin had at one point attempted to gain Byzantine support against his neighbours by professing himself a Catholic.

The new Frankish alliance was important because of the Franks ' known hostility to the Byzantine empire, providing the Lombards with more than one option.

Many fragments were supplied in quotes by Athenaeus, principally on the subject of wine-drinking, but fr. 333, " wine, window into a man ", was quoted much later by the Byzantine grammarian, John Tzetzes.

Alexios I Komnenos, Latinized as Alexius I Comnenus (, 1056 – 15 August 1118 — note that some sources list his date of birth as 1048 ), was Byzantine emperor from 1081 to 1118, and although he was not the founder of the Komnenian dynasty, it was during his reign that the Komnenos family came to full power.

Inheriting a collapsing empire and faced with constant warfare during his reign against both the Seljuq Turks in Asia Minor and the Normans in the western Balkans, Alexios was able to halt the Byzantine decline and begin the military, financial, and territorial recovery known as the Komnenian restoration.

While the Byzantine troops were assembling for the expedition, Alexios was approached by the Doukas faction at court, who convinced him to join a conspiracy against Nikephoros III.

The use of icons was seriously challenged by Byzantine Imperial authority in the 8th century.

In addition, his own control over the Anatolian domains of the Byzantine Empire was challenged, by David Komnenos in Paphlagonia and Manuel Maurozomes in Phrygia.

This traditional dating has been challenged by some historians, who point out that it is inconsistent with such other sources as the Schechter Letter, which mentions the activities of certain khagan HLGW of Rus ' as late the 940s, during the reign of Byzantine Emperor Romanus I.

In 1078, the Byzantine emperor Michael VII sought the help of Suleyman against Nicephorus Botaneiates, the commander of the Anatolikon theme, who had challenged the emperor for the throne.

In the Battle of Yarmouk, Commander in chief of Byzantine force chose five selected warriors from Byzantine side, and they challenged the Muslims to duel.

In the 5th century Hispalis was taken by a succession of Germanic invaders: the Vandals led by Gunderic in 426, the Suebi King Rechila in 441, and finally the Visigoths, who would control the city until the 8th century, their supremacy challenged for a time by the Byzantine presence on the Mediterranean coast.