Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant | Qinshan Phase III Units 1 & 2, located in Zhejiang China ( 30. 436 N 120. 958 E ): Two CANDU 6 reactors, designed by Atomic Energy of Canada Limited ( AECL ), owned and operated by the Third Qinshan Nuclear Power Company Limited

All power reactors built in Canada are of the CANDU type.

:: A Canadian design ( known as CANDU ), these reactors are heavy-water-cooled and-moderated Pressurized-Water reactors.

Not all reactors need to be shut down for refueling ; for example, pebble bed reactors, RBMK reactors, molten salt reactors, Magnox, AGR and CANDU reactors allow fuel to be shifted through the reactor while it is running.

* The Canadian Nuclear FAQ — a very information-rich resource about Canadian CANDU reactors.

The CANDU and Magnox designs are the only commercial reactors capable of using unenriched uranium fuel.

This new grade can be used to replace natural uranium ( NU ) fuel in some heavy water reactors like the CANDU.

Heavy water has very low neutron absorption, so heavy water reactors such as CANDU reactors also have a positive void coefficient, though it is not as large as that of an RBMK like Chernobyl ; these reactors are designed with a number of safety systems not found in the original RBMK design, which are designed to handle or react to this as needed.

Like the Magnox, CANDU and RBMK reactors, and in contrast to the light water reactors, AGRs are designed to be refuelled without being shut down first.

It was promoted as a development of the operationally ( if not economically ) successful Magnox design, and was chosen from a plethora of competing British alternatives-the helium cooled High Temperature Reactor ( HTR ), the Steam Generating Heavy Water Reactor ( SGHWR ) and the Fast Breeder Reactor ( FBR )-as well as the American light water pressurised and boiling water reactors ( PWR and BWR ) and Canadian CANDU designs.

Triuranium octaoxide ( U < sub > 3 </ sub > O < sub > 8 </ sub >) is also converted directly to ceramic grade uranium dioxide ( UO < sub > 2 </ sub >) for use in reactors not requiring enriched fuel, such as CANDU.

According to Atomic Energy of Canada Limited ( AECL ), CANDU reactors could use 100 % MOX cores without physical modification.

The Pickering station is one of the largest nuclear facilities in the world and comprises eight CANDU nuclear reactors located on the northern shore of Lake Ontario, having a total output of 4124 MW ( capacity net ) and 4336 MW ( gross net ) when all units are on line.

Category: Nuclear power stations using CANDU reactors

The town is a Danube fluvial port, and it houses the Cernavodă Nuclear Power Plant, consisting of two CANDU reactors providing about 18 % of Romania's electrical energy output.

This design was a forerunner of the CANDU reactors.

India has also built a number of reactors, not under IAEA safeguards, that were derived from the CANDU design and are used for power generation.

* April 5-The first CANDU reactor begins operation at Gentilly, Quebec

* December 7-Canada sells its first CANDU Reactor to South Korea

By the late 1950s the corporation also started getting involved in development, design and construction of CANDU nuclear power stations, with the first commercial sized one coming on line in 1965 at Douglas Point.

Another example is the CANDU reactor, which has two large masses of relatively cool, low-pressure water ( first is the heavy-water moderator ; second is the light-water-filled shield tank ) that act as heat sinks.

Churchill gave approval in 1959 for Canada's first commercial power nuclear reactor, a CANDU design, to be built at Douglas Point, Ontario.

ZEEP was one of the world's first heavy water reactors, and it was also designed to use natural ( unenriched ) uranium ; a feature carried through to the CANDU design.

AECL developed the CANDU reactor technology starting in the 1950s, and in October 2011 licensed this technology to Candu Energy ( a wholly owned subsidiary of SNC-Lavalin ).

In Canada's most populated province, Ontario Hydro has developed 11, 990 MW of nuclear capacity between 1966 and 1993, building 18 CANDU reactors at 3 sites: Pickering, Darlington and Bruce.

Secondary education was provided by CANDU High School, named after a nuclear reactor.

Canada continues to promote peaceful nuclear technology exemplified by the CANDU reactor.

Encompassed by the Bruce site is the shut-down Douglas Point reactor, an earlier version of the CANDU design.

Published by Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd. ( AECL ), designer of the CANDU reactor.

The other types of nuclear reactor in use for power generation are the heavy water moderated reactor, built by Canada ( CANDU ) and the Republic of India ( AHWR ), the advanced gas cooled reactor ( AGCR ), built by the United Kingdom, the liquid metal cooled reactor ( LMFBR ), built by the Russian Federation, the Republic of France, and Japan, and the graphite-moderated, water-cooled reactor ( RBMK ), found exclusively within the Russian Federation and former Soviet states.

* Chernobyl-A Canadian Perspective-A brochure describing nuclear reactors in general and the RBMK design in particular, focusing on the safety differences between them and CANDU reactors.

Though electricity generation capabilities are comparable between all these types of reactor, due to the aforementioned features, and the extensive experience with operations of the LWR, it is favored in the vast majority of new nuclear power plants, though the CANDU / AHWR has a comparatively small ( but quite dedicated ) following.

In 2007, Team CANDU, a consortium of Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, Babcock & Wilcox Canada, GE-Hitachi Nuclear Energy Canada Inc., Hitachi Canada Ltd and SNC-Lavalin Nuclear Limited began a $ 2. 5 million feasibility study regarding the installation of a new 1, 100 MWe Advanced CANDU Reactor at Point Lepreau, to supply power to New England.

In October 2011, the Canadian Federal Government licensed the CANDU design to Candu Energy ( a wholly owned subsidiary of SNC-Lavalin ), which also acquired the former reactor development and marketing division of AECL at that time.

In October 2011 the federal government of Canada sold the commercial CANDU design and marketing business of AECL to Candu Energy for $ 15 million ( including 15 years worth of royalties, the government could get back as much as $ 285 million ).

CANDU PHWRs have been built in Canada, Argentina, China, India, Pakistan, Romania, and South Korea.

On 17 Dec, 2009, Natural Resources Canada Minister Lisa Raitt formally announced the offering of AECL's CANDU engineering division for private investment.

The Point Lepreau station is the only nuclear facility located in Atlantic Canada and comprises 1 CANDU nuclear reactor located on the northern shore of the Bay of Fundy, having a net capacity of 635 MW ( 680 MW gross ).

It has supplied core components, CANDU reactor tubes and thermal sleeves to AECL and GE.

Until October 2011 AECL was also the vendor of CANDU technology, which it had exported worldwide.

Throughout the 1960s-2000s AECL marketed and built CANDU facilities in India, South Korea, Argentina, Romania, and the People's Republic of China.