It is also possible that those electrons are aligned to a higher degree of order by other preparations of electron spin order such as: chemical reactions ( leading to Chemical-Induced DNP, CIDNP ), optical pumping and spin injection.

This mechanism, known as the Radical Pair Mechanism is currently accepted as the most common cause of CIDNP.

The generation of CIDNP in a typical photochemical system ( target + photosensitizer, flavin in this example ) is a cyclic photochemical process shown schematically in Figure 1.

CIDNP was discovered in 1967 by Bargon and Fischer, and, independently, by Ward and Lawler.

Detected as enhanced absorptive or emissive signals in the NMR spectra of the reaction products, CIDNP has been exploited for the last 30 years to characterise transient free radicals and their reaction mechanisms.

In certain cases, CIDNP also offers the possibility of large improvements in NMR sensitivity.

The subsequent experiments, however, have found that in many cases DNP fails to explain CIDNP polarization phase.

* Lee, Y. T. " Crossed Molecular Beam Studies and Dynamics of Decomposition of Chemically Activated Radicals ", University of Chicago, United States Department of Energy ( through predecessor agency the Atomic Energy Commission ), ( September 1973 ).

In 2008, Thorn collaborated with the Hungarian acoustic downtempo group The Unbending Trees on their single " Overture ", which also featured on their album Chemically Happy ( Is The New Sad ), published by her partner and husband Ben Watt.

), Chemically induced magnetic polarisation, D. Reidel, Dordrecht, 1977.

Chemically, FSII is an almost pure ( 99. 9 %) ethylene glycol monomethyl ether ( EGMME, 2-methoxy ethanol, APISOLVE 76, CAS number ), or glycol monomethyl ether since 1994 diethylene glycol monomethyl ether ( DEGMME, 2-( 2-methoxy ethoxy ) ethanol, APITOL 120, methyl carbitol, CAS number ).

Chemically, almandine is an iron-aluminium garnet with the formula Fe < sub > 3 </ sub > Al < sub > 2 </ sub >( SiO < sub > 4 </ sub >)< sub > 3 </ sub >; the deep red transparent stones are often called precious garnet and are used as gemstones ( being the most common of the gem garnets ).

Chemically modified electrodes are often used.

Chemically, it is not an ether like diethyl ether, but a light hydrocarbon.

Chemically, astatine behaves more or less as a halogen, being expected to form ionic astatides with alkali or alkaline earth metals ; it is known to form covalent compounds with nonmetals, including other halogens.

Chemically, Agent Orange is an approximately 1: 1 mixture of two phenoxyl herbicides – 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid ( 2, 4-D ) and 2, 4, 5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid ( 2, 4, 5-T ) – in iso-octyl ester form.

Chemically uncombined boron, which is classed as a metalloid, is not found naturally on Earth.

Chemically, the equivalent to a snow avalanche is a spark causing a forest fire.

Chemically, gold is a transition metal and a group 11 element.

Chemically, it is unaffected by air, moisture and most corrosive reagents, and is therefore well suited for use in coins and jewelry and as a protective coating on other, more reactive, metals.

Chemically, lutetium is a typical lanthanide: its only common oxidation state is + 3, seen in its oxide, halides and other compounds.

Chemically, neptunium is prepared by the reduction of NpF < sub > 3 </ sub > with barium or lithium vapor at about 1200 ° C.

Chemically, promethium is a lanthanide, which forms salts when combined with other elements.

Chemically, papyrus is composed of 57 % cellulose, 27 % lignin, 9 % minerals, and 7 % water.

Chemically, chitin is closely related to chitosan ( a more water-soluble derivative of chitin ).

Chemically, uracil is similar to thymine, differing only by a methyl group, and its production requires less energy.

Chemically, burnt sienna is formed by burning raw sienna ( Terra di Siena Naturale ).

Chemically, cellular respiration is considered an exothermic redox reaction.

Chemically, HCN is known to be very reactive with MIC.

Chemically, it is composed of polymers, cellulose and lignin.

Chemically, it is a phenol formaldehyde resin.

Chemically, topiramate is a sulfamate-substituted monosaccharide, related to fructose, a rather unusual chemical structure for an anticonvulsant.

Chemically, gutta-percha is a polyterpene, a polymer of isoprene, or polyisoprene, specifically ( trans-1, 4-polyisoprene ).

Chemically it is an aromatic polyester produced by the polycondensation of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and 6-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxylic acid.

Chemically, it is hydrated iron ( III ) oxide, mineralogically known as limonite.

* Chemically altering the medium into a non-readable, non-reverse-constructible state ( e. g., through incineration or exposure to caustic / corrosive chemicals )

* Chemically strengthened glass, produced by exchanging Na < sup >+</ sup > for K < sup >+</ sup > in glass surfaces using KNO < sub > 3 </ sub > melts.

* Structural and Immunological Principles Leading to Chemically Synthesized, Multiantigenic, Multistage, Minimal Subunit-Based Vaccine Development, abstract of article in Chemical Reviews, from de American Chemical Society.

* Emerging Rules for Subunit-Based, Multiantigenic, Multistage Chemically Synthesized Vaccines, abstract of article in Accounts of Chemical Research, from the American Chemical Society.

Chemically, propofol is unrelated to barbiturates and has largely replaced sodium thiopental ( Pentothal ) for induction of anesthesia because recovery from propofol is more rapid and " clear " when compared with thiopental.

Chemically, quercetin is a member of a fairly extensive class of natural coloring matters derived from phenyl benzoyl-pyrone or flavone, the constitution of which followed on the researches of St von Kostanecki, A. G. Perkin, Herzig, Goldschmidt and others.

These included the Waitara Leaseholders Associations ( WLA ) fight with the NPDC and Māori to freehold Waitara land and his activities with CEPRA ( Chemically Exposed Paritutu Association ) fight with the Government Ministers and the TDHB to have New Plymouth's Paritutu residents and workers be recognised for being chemically exposed from living and working in or near the old Ivon Watkins Dow Chemical Plant now ( Dow Agro ) at Paritutu, and his independent stand that New Plymouth should have its own Independent seat ( the New Plymouth Independent Seat ) not a party seat.