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CN X ( 10 ) receives visceral sensory information from the thorax and abdomen, and CN XI ( 11 ) is responsible for innervating the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles, neither of which is exclusively in the head.
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CN and X
These include the cranial nerves number 2 ( CN II ), number 3 ( CN III ), number 5 ( CN V ), number 7 ( CN VII ), and cranial nerves 9 and 10 ( CN IX, CN X ).
* All intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue are supplied by the hypoglossal nerve ( CN XII ), except for one of the extrinsic muscles, palatoglossus, which is innervated by CN X of the pharyngeal plexus.
The optic chiasm or optic chiasma ( Greek, " crossing ", from the Greek ' to mark with an X ', after the Greek letter ' Χ ', chi ) is the part of the brain where the optic nerves ( CN II ) partially cross.
* In or near wall of organ innervated by Vagus ( CN X ), Sacral nerves ( S2, S3, S4 ))
The vagus nerve ( CN X ) does not participate in these cranial ganglia as most of its PSN fibers are destined for a broad array of ganglia on or near thoracic viscera ( esophagus, trachea, heart, lungs ) and abdominal viscera ( stomach, pancreas, liver, kidneys ).
Micrograph of the posterior portion of the open part of the medulla oblongata, showing the fourth ventricle ( top of image ) and the nuclei of CN XII ( medial ) and CN X ( lateral ).
Lateral ( and dorsal ) to the olives are the rootlets for cranial nerves IX ( glossopharyngeal ), CN X ( vagus ) and CN XI ( accessory nerve ).
: Sensory fibers from the skin of the external ear initially travel with the auricular branch of CN X, while those from the middle ear travel in the tympanic nerve as discussed above ( CN IX visceral motor section ).
Taste fibers from CN VII and X also ascend and synapse here.
The nerve courses along the inner wall of the skull towards the jugular foramen, through which it exits the skull with the glossopharyngeal ( CN IX ) and vagus nerves ( CN X ).
When X is a carbonyl group like C = O or COOR or a cyanide group ( CN ), the reaction type is a conjugate addition reaction.
Afferent neurons from the carotid bodies and aortic bodies are via the glossopharyngeal nerve ( CN IX ) and the vagus nerve ( CN X ), respectively.
CN and 10
Following Surface Transportation Board approval for the transaction, CN completed the purchase of GLT on May 10, 2004.
Control of the railway was acquired on May 10, 2004 by the Canadian National Railway ( CN ) when it purchased the assets of Great Lakes Transportation.
In 2002 NBSR entered into a 10 year agreement with CN that saw NBSR extend its operations onto CN's industrial trackage in the east end of Saint John including the Island Yard in exchange for J. D.
On December 10, 2010, IDOT announced the route choice for the resumption of service to begin in 2014 going over mostly CN railway.
CN and receives
The parotid gland receives its parasympathetic input from the glossopharyngeal nerve ( CN IX ) via the otic ganglion, while the submandibular and sublingual glands receive their parasympathetic input from the facial nerve ( CN VII ) via the submandibular ganglion.
CN and visceral
Upon emerging from the lateral aspect of the medulla, the visceral motor fibers join the other components of CN IX to enter the jugular foramen.
The visceral motor fibers pass through both ganglia without synapsing and exit the inferior ganglion with CN IX general sensory fibers as the tympanic nerve.
CN and sensory
This component of CN IX carries general sensory information ( pain, temperature, and touch ) from the skin of the external ear, internal surface of the tympanic membrane, the walls of the upper pharynx, and the posterior one-third of the tongue.
General sensory information from the upper pharynx and posterior one-third of the tongue travel via the pharyngeal branches of CN IX.
The general sensory fibers of CN IX mediate the afferent limb of the pharyngeal reflex in which touching the back of the pharynx stimulates the patient to gag ( i. e., the gag reflex ).
The special sensory component of CN IX provides taste sensation from the posterior one-third of the tongue.
: Special sensory fibers from the posterior one-third of the tongue travel via the pharyngeal branches of CN IX to the inferior glossopharyngeal ganglion where their cell bodies reside.
In humans, the sensory nerve supply to the upper eyelids is from the infratrochlear, supratrochlear, supraorbital and the lacrimal nerves from the ophthalmic branch ( V1 ) of the trigeminal nerve ( CN V ).
Once it has traversed this opening, the parasympathetic secretomotor fibers branch off with the zygomatic nerve and then branch off again, joining with the lacrimal branch of the ophthalmic division of CN V, which supplies sensory innervation to the lacrimal gland along with the eyelid and conjunctiva.
Both the sensory and motor aspects of this reflex are through CN V.
CN and information
* Cryptome CN specialises in the publication of documents and information banned in the People's Republic of China.
Reporters found pre-spill evidence, and CN executives admitted, that CN failed to provide public safety information to prevent public exposure to carcinogenic, toxic chemicals.
That September, Via published a single timetable with information on both CN and CP trains, marking the first time that Canadians could find all major passenger trains in one publication.
These receptor neurons then synapse at the olfactory cranial nerve ( CN I ), which sends the information to the olfactory bulbs in the brain for initial processing.
The pain is due to malfunction of the glossopharyngeal nerve ( CN IX ), which moves the muscles of the throat and carries information from the throat, tonsils, and tongue to the brain.
CN and from
The great variety of carbon compounds include such lethal poisons as tetrodotoxin, the lectin ricin from seeds of the castor oil plant Ricinus communis, cyanide ( CN < sup >−</ sup >) and carbon monoxide ; and such essentials to life as glucose and protein.
All except the Wheeling have local terminals ; the Wheeling operates into Toledo from the east through trackage rights on Norfolk Southern to connect with the Ann Arbor and the CN.
It currently operates in Michigan, Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, forming the CN mainline from Port Huron, Michigan to Chicago, Illinois, as well as serving Detroit, Michigan and Toledo, Ohio.
Failure of each of the nerves listed above will manifest in loss of function of the specific muscle, gland or a parasympathetic innervations ( from CN III ).
Its signal from Toronto beams from the CN Tower throughout the Buffalo-Niagara Falls NY market, in addition to Toronto.
The CN Tower viewed from the Rogers Centre
The final site was located at the base of the CN Tower not far from Union Station, a major railway and transit hub.
Overhead view of Rogers Centre with the roof closed, as seen from the CN TowerThe stadium was funded by a public / private partnership, with the government paying the largest percentage of the tab.
) enclosed walkway that leads from the base of the CN Tower and via a bridge connects to Union Station ( and is part of the PATH network ).
The Toronto Islands as seen from the lower observation deck of the CN Tower.
In the cranium, preganglionic PSN ( CN III, CN VII, and CN IX ) usually arise from specific nuclei in the Central Nervous System ( CNS ) and synapse at one of four parasympathetic ganglia: ciliary, pterygopalatine, otic, or submandibular.
A separate group of PSN leaving from the pterygopalatine ganglion are the descending palatine nerves ( CN V < sub > 2 </ sub > branch ), which include the greater and lesser palatine nerves.
Yet another set of divisions from the pterygopalatine ganglion are the posterior, superior, and inferior lateral nasal nerves ; and the nasopalatine nerves ( all branches of CN V < sub > 2 </ sub >, maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve ) that bring PSN to glands of the nasal mucosa.
The human CN VI is derived from the basal plate of the embryonic pons.
Emerging from the anterolateral sulci are the CN XII ( hypoglossal nerve ) rootlets.
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