* Cadmium-113m is a radioisotope and nuclear isomer with a halflife of 14. 1 years

Cadmium ( ) is a chemical element with the symbol Cd and atomic number 48.

Cadmium occurs as a minor component in most zinc ores and therefore is a byproduct of zinc production.

Cadmium is a soft, malleable, ductile, bluish-white divalent metal.

Cadmium burns in air to form brown amorphous cadmium oxide ( CdO ); the crystalline form of this compound is a dark red which changes color when heated, similar to zinc oxide.

Cadmium is created via the long s-process in low-medium mass stars with masses of 0. 6 to 10 solar masses, which lasts thousands of years.

Cadmium levels are high in Finnish elk liver and kidneys, with the result that consumption of these organs from elk more than one year old is prohibited in Finland.

A standardization in terms of the wavelength of the red line of the emission spectrum of Cadmium is also given, which if the 1927 definition of the Angstrom is taken for the value of that wavelength, would equal 2. 263347539605392 mm.

Cadmium and other restricted heavy metals used in conventional quantum dots is of a major concern in commercial applications.

Cadmium yellow is cadmium sulfide ( CdS ); by adding increasing amounts of selenium, colors ranging from orange to nearly black ( the color of cadmium selenide ) can be produced.

Cadmium yellow is sometimes mixed with viridian to give a bright, pale green mixture called cadmium green.

( Cadmium is a known carcinogen as well as acutely toxic.

Cadmium is found in many of the above components, examples include plastic pigmentation, nickel-cadmium ( NiCd ) batteries and CdS photocells ( used in night lights ).

Cadmium telluride ( CdTe ) thin-film PV modules in photovoltaic panels are explicitly allowed by RoHS to contain cadmium, even though cadmium is restricted in all other electronics.

Cadmium is a highly effective neutron absorber and gives off a gamma ray when it absorbs a neutron.

Cadmium is an impurity in zinc compounds, although represented in very small quantities.

Cadmium in jewelry is not known to be dangerous if the items are simply worn, but concerns come when youngsters bite or suck on the jewelry, as many children do.

This abundant source of biomass is a known bioremediation hyperaccumulator of Mercury, Cadmium, Chromium and Lead, and as such can be used in phytoremediation.

Cadmium plating is under scrutiny because of the environmental toxicity of the cadmium metal.

Cadmium ’ s discovery is also loosely attributed to K. S. L.

Cadmium is an extremely toxic metal commonly found in industrial workplaces.

Cadmium is used extensively in electroplating, although the nature of the operation does not generally lead to overexposures.

Cadmium is also found in some industrial paints and may represent a hazard when sprayed.

Cadmium is also present in the manufacturing of some types of batteries.

The existing lighthouse is managed via the PSTN, and powered by Nickel Cadmium batteries, " charged on a time cycle of three times per week by one of two ( 12. 5 KVA ) markon alternators with TS3 Lister diesel engines.

Thus, natural beryllium bombarded either by alphas or gammas from a suitable radioisotope is a key component of most radioisotope-powered nuclear reaction neutron sources for the laboratory production of free neutrons.

In addition to their targeting component, they also carry a payload-whether this is a traditional chemotherapeutic agent, or a radioisotope, or an immune-stimulating factor.

Naturally occurring gadolinium is composed of 6 stable isotopes, < sup > 154 </ sup > Gd, < sup > 155 </ sup > Gd, < sup > 156 </ sup > Gd, < sup > 157 </ sup > Gd, < sup > 158 </ sup > Gd and < sup > 160 </ sup > Gd, and 1 radioisotope, < sup > 152 </ sup > Gd, with < sup > 158 </ sup > Gd being the most abundant ( 24. 84 % natural abundance ).

Surgery as an option predates the use of the less invasive radioisotope therapy ( radioiodine 131 thyroid ablation ), but is still required in cases where the thyroid gland is enlarged and causing compression to the neck structures, or the underlying cause of the hyperthyroidism may be cancerous in origin.

In iodine-131 ( radioiodine ) radioisotope therapy, which was first pioneered by Dr. Saul Hertz, radioactive iodine-131 is given orally ( either by pill or liquid ) on a one-time basis, to severely restrict, or altogether destroy the function of a hyperactive thyroid gland.

The radioisotope iodine-131, which has a high fission product yield, concentrates in the thyroid, and is one of the most carcinogenic of nuclear fission products.

It is a parent radioisotope to the short-lived gamma-emitting daughter radioisotope technetium-99m, a nuclear isomer used in various imaging applications in medicine.

< sup > 237 </ sup > Np is irradiated with neutrons to create < sup > 238 </ sup > Pu, an alpha emitter for radioisotope thermal generators for spacecraft and military applications.

In some cases irradiated samples are subjected to chemical separation to remove interfering species or to concentrate the radioisotope of interest, this technique is known as Radiochemical Neutron Activation Analysis ( RNAA ).

Radiocarbon dating ( usually referred to as simply carbon dating ) is a radiometric dating method that uses the naturally occurring radioisotope carbon-14 () to estimate the age of carbon-bearing materials up to about 58, 000 to 62, 000 years.

The radioisotope thallium-201 ( as the soluble chloride TlCl ) is used in small, nontoxic amounts as an agent in a nuclear medicine scan, during one type of nuclear cardiac stress test.

< sup > 203 </ sup > Tl and < sup > 205 </ sup > Tl are the only stable isotopes, and < sup > 204 </ sup > Tl is the most stable radioisotope, with a half-life of 3. 78 years.

, which has a half-life of 243. 66 days, is the most long-lived radioisotope, followed by with a half-life of 46. 5 hours.

The most common decay mode of a radioisotope of zinc with a mass number lower than 66 is electron capture.

The most common decay mode of a radioisotope of zinc with mass number higher than 66 is beta decay ( β < sup >–</ sup >), which produces an isotope of gallium.

The opposite also applies ; for instance, 96 % of the element Indium in nature is the In-115 radioisotope, but it is considered non-toxic in pure metal form and mainly like a stable element because its multi-trillion-year half-life means that a relatively minuscule portion of its atoms decay per unit of time.

A synthetic radioisotope is a radionuclide that is not found in nature: no natural process or mechanism exists which produces it, or it is so unstable that it decays away in a very short period of time.

A trace radioisotope is a radioisotope that occurs naturally in trace amounts ( i. e. extremely small ).

They conclude that it is actually Rutherford who should be awarded credit for radon's discovery since he was the first to detect the element being emitted from any radioisotope ( thorium ) and the first to demonstrate radon's gaseous nature.