However, Time Magazine gave the production a rave review, and Welles's innovations have been echoed in many subsequent modern productions, which have seen parallels between Caesar's fall and the downfalls of various governments in the twentieth century.

Octavian himself resigned shortly after, allowing the appointment of a second pair of suffect consuls ( the original consuls for the year, Caesar's legate Aulus Hirtius and Gaius Vibius Pansa Caetronianus, had died fighting on the Senate's side of the first civil war to follow Caesar's death, that between the Senate and Mark Antony himself ).

The Battle of Philippi was the final battle in the Wars of the Second Triumvirate between the forces of Mark Antony and Octavian ( of the Second Triumvirate ) and the forces of Julius Caesar's assassins Marcus Junius Brutus and Gaius Cassius Longinus in 42 BC, at Philippi in Macedonia.

Caesar's Camp, also called Schapsbury Hill and Shasbury Hill, was a square, Early Iron Age, British ( not Roman ) fort site of c. 500 BC, south of Bath Road, about halfway between Heathrow Road and Hatton Road, and a bit north of due east of Heathrow Hall.

Caesar's Tower was built between 1330 and 1360.

In addition Pompey's fleet, commanded by Caesar's former junior consul Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus, lay between Caesar and Greece.

The first confrontations between a Roman army and the peoples of Germania Inferior occurred during Julius Caesar's Gallic Wars.

After Caesar's assassination in March 44, Hirtius was deeply involved in the maneuvering between parties.

* 44 / 42 BC – Third Roman civil war, between the assassins of Caesar ( led by Cassius and Brutus ) and Caesar's heirs, Octavian and Mark Antony

This incident did not lead to a return to normality, but provoked yet another civil war between Caesar's political heirs and his assassins.

The most famous of these are the war in the 40s BC between Julius Caesar and the optimate faction of the senatorial elite initially led by Pompey and the subsequent war between Caesar's successors, Octavian and Mark Antony in the 30s BC.

* Caesar's Civil War ( 49 – 45 BC ), between Julius Caesar and the Optimates initially led by Pompey-Caesarean victory.

* Liberators ' civil war ( 44 – 42 BC ), between the Second Triumvirate and the Liberators ( Brutus and Cassius, Caesar's assassins )-Triumvirate victory.

The drama shows her as an unwilling pawn in Caesar's assassination, torn between her husband and her friend, Calpurnia.

In the century between Caesar's expeditions and the conquest under Claudius, kings in Britain began to issue coins stamped with their names.

Pliny the Elder mentions a meeting between Caesar's predecessor as proconsul of Cisalpine Gaul, Quintus Caecilius Metellus Celer, and a king of the Suebi ; which took place during Celer's proconsulship in 62 BC.

Others remained less certain regarding the identification, for example, pointing out that she would have been between 8 and 14 at the time of Caesar's arrival in Alexandria, too young for someone to have led an uprising against Rome.

The Ubii, on the other hand, and their neighbors, the Tencteri, the former on both sides of the Rhine, originally asked for Caesar's help in their defense against the Suebi, perhaps the beginning of the conflict between the Franks and the Alamanni.

** Caesar's civil war, from 49 to 45 BC, between Julius Caesar and the optimates ( conservative republicans ), initially led by Pompey.

( That is, the s between vowels did not change to r .) Using the Latin alphabet as it existed in the day of Julius Caesar ( 100 BC – 44 BC ) ( i. e., without lower case letters, " J ", or " U "), Caesar's name is properly rendered ( the spelling is also attested and is interchangeable with the more common ; however the letter was used with its antique pronunciation of, as it was an adaptation of Greek gamma ).

In the final centuries BCE, areas formerly occupied by the Elp culture emerge as the probably Germanic Harpstedt culture west of the Germanic Jastorf culture while the southern parts become assimilated to the Celtic La Tène culture, consistent with Caesar's account of the Rhine forming the boundary between Celtic and Germanic tribes.

In return for political support in his opposition to the interests of Pompey, Crassus paid some of Caesar's debts and acted as guarantor for others.

While Caesar and Crassus were lifelong allies, Crassus and Pompey disliked each other and Pompey grew increasingly envious of Caesar's spectacular successes in the Gallic Wars.

During that decade, Crassus was Caesar's patron in all but name, financing Caesar's successful campaign to become Pontifex Maximus, despite all but abandoning his post as the priest of Jupiter or flamen dialis, and his efforts to win command of military campaigns.

The novel follows two fictional Gallic nobles who join Julius Caesar's cavalry then find their way into the service of Marcus ' son, Publius Licinius Crassus, in Gaul.

* Crassus is a major character in the novels Fortune's Favourites and Caesar's Women by Colleen McCullough.

The alliance had allowed the Triumvirs to dominate Roman politics completely, but it would not last indefinitely due to the ambitions, egos, and jealousies of the three ; Caesar and Crassus were implicitly hand-in-glove, but Pompey disliked Crassus and grew increasingly envious of Caesar's spectacular successes in the Gallic War, whereby he annexed the whole of the Three Gauls to Rome.

Cato did not relent in his opposition to the triumvirs, unsuccessfully attempting to prevent Caesar's 5-year appointment as governor of Illyria and Cisalpine Gaul or the appointment of Crassus to an Eastern command.

The First Triumvirate, a political ( although informal ) alliance with Pompey and Crassus, came to an end in 54 BC, with the deaths of Julia ( Caesar's daughter and Pompey's wife ) in childbirth and Crassus in the battle of Carrhae.

It was agreed that the triumvirate would marshal their supporters and resources to secure legislation for prolonging Caesar's Gallic command and to influence the upcoming elections for 55 BC, with the objective of a second joint consulship for Crassus and Pompeius.

* Marcus Licinius M. f. P. n. Crassus Dives, elder son of the triumvir, he was Caesar's quaestor in Gaul, and praefectus of Gallia Cisalpina at the beginning of the Civil War in 49 BC.

* Publius Licinius M. f. P. n. Crassus Dives, younger son of the triumvir, he was Caesar's legate in Gaul from 58 to 55 BC.

This Crassus is thought to be either the Publius Licinius Crassus ( consul 97 BC ) who was a governor in Hispania in the 90s, or his grandson by the same name, who in 57 – 56 BC commanded Julius Caesar's forces in Armorica ( Brittany ), which places him near the mouth of the Loire.

* 48 BC – Caesar's Civil War: Battle of Pharsalus – Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus and Pompey flees to Egypt.

In 46 BC, she consented for him to join Caesar in Hispania, where he planned to fight the forces of Pompey, Caesar's late enemy, but Octavius fell ill and was unable to travel.

Pompey by now had a massive international army ; however, his troops were mostly untested raw recruits, while Caesar's troops were hardened veterans.

Realizing Caesar's difficulty in keeping his troops supplied, Pompey decided to simply mirror Caesar's forces and let hunger do the fighting for him.

Finally the standoff was broken by a traitor in Caesar's army, who informed Pompey of a weakness in Caesar's wall.

Pompey immediately exploited this information and forced Caesar's army into a full rout, but ordered his army not to pursue, fearing Caesar's reputation for setting elaborate traps.

" Pompey continued his strategy of mirroring Caesar's forces and avoiding any direct engagements.

Although Pompey was strongly against it-he wanted to surround and starve Caesar's army instead-he eventually gave in and accepted battle from Caesar on a field near Pharsalus.

Pompey ordered his men not to charge, but to wait until Caesar's legions came into close quarters.

Domitian's great-grandfather, Titus Flavius Petro, had served as a centurion under Pompey during Caesar's civil war.

This informal alliance, known as the First Triumvirate (" rule of three men "), was cemented by the marriage of Pompey to Caesar's daughter Julia.

The plotters, however, had anticipated this and, fearing that Antony would come to Caesar's aid, had arranged for Trebonius to intercept him just as he approached the portico of Theatre of Pompey, where the session was to be held, and detain him outside.

His father was killed by Pompey the Great in dubious circumstances after he had taken part in the rebellion of Lepidus ; his mother was the half-sister of Cato the Younger, and later Julius Caesar's mistress.

* In the Masters of Rome novels of Colleen McCullough, Brutus is portrayed as a timid intellectual who hates Caesar for personal reasons, foremost of them the fact that his marriage arrangement with Caesar's daughter, Julia, whom Brutus deeply loved, was dissolved in Caesar's political gamble to give his daughter's hand to Pompey to cement with him an alliance.

The legion that Pompey contributes is his in name only, because it was enlisted in Caesar's territory, and then Caesar contributed another legion that had been with him previously in Gaul.