Calhoun explicitly rejected the founding principles of equality in the Declaration of Independence, denying that humanity is born free and equal in shared human nature and basic needs.

These people rejected the compact theory advanced by Calhoun, claiming that the Constitution was the product of the people, not the states.

Miles rejected any compromise on slavery and supported Calhoun in opposition to the Compromise of 1850.

Calhoun considered the concurrent majority essential to provide structural restraints to counter his belief that “ a vast majority of mankind is entirely biased by motives of self-interest and that by this interest must be governed .” This innate selfishness, which he viewed as axiomatic, would inevitably emerge when government revenue became available to political parties for distribution as patronage.

Calhoun asserted that Southern whites, outnumbered in the United States by voters of the more densely-populated Northern states were one such minority deserving special protection in the legislature.

Most other Southern politicians opposed the compromise, but Calhoun believed that continued agitation over the slavery issue threatened the status of the Union.

Whereas other Southern politicians had excused slavery as a necessary evil, in a famous speech on the Senate floor on February 6, 1837, Calhoun asserted that slavery was a " positive good.

Calhoun, like Jackson and Van Buren, attacked finance capitalism, which he saw as the common enemy of the Northern laborer, the Southern planter, and the small farmer everywhere.

Calhoun feared, moreover, that Southern slave owners would be shut out of any conquered Mexican territories ( as almost happened with the Wilmot Proviso ).

Anti-slavery Northerners denounced the war as a Southern conspiracy to expand slavery ; Calhoun saw a conspiracy of Yankees to destroy the South.

In 1848 – 49, Calhoun tried to give substance to his call for Southern unity.

Calhoun was chiefly concerned with protecting the interests of the Southern States ( which he largely identified with the interests of their slaveholding elites ), as a distinct and beleaguered minority among the members of the federal Union.

* Ford Jr., Lacy K. " Inventing the Concurrent Majority: Madison, Calhoun, and the Problem of Majoritarianism in American Political Thought ," The Journal of Southern History, Vol.

* Ford, Lacy K. Jr. " Republican Ideology in a Slave Society: The Political Economy of John C. Calhoun ," Journal of Southern History 54 ( 1988 ): 405 – 24 ; in JSTOR

* Rayback Joseph G., " The Presidential Ambitions of John C. Calhoun, 1844 – 1848 ," Journal of Southern History, XIV ( Aug., 1948 ), 331 – 56.

* Wood, W. Kirk, “ History and Recovery of the Past: John C. Calhoun and the Origins of Nullification in South Carolina, 1819 – 1828 ,” Southern Studies, 16 ( Spring – Summer 2009 ), 46 – 68.

The political climate – dubbed the Era of Good Feelings – favored the development of national programs and institutions, including a protective tariff, internal improvements and the revival of a Bank of the United States Southern and western support for the Bank, led by Republican nationalists John C. Calhoun of South Carolina and Henry Clay of Kentucky was decisive in the successful chartering effort.

As is universal in the Florida Panhandle, a majority of Calhoun County's residents remain much more attached to Southern culture and lifestyle habits than is common in the Central and Southern regions of the state influenced by large amounts of migration, and the area holds much more in common with states such as Alabama, Georgia, or Mississippi than with much of Florida.

Carmel Academy was run by the famous Southern educator, Moses Waddel ; it was here that John C. Calhoun and William H. Crawford were educated.

" Later Southern thinkers, notably John C. Calhoun, were clearly indebted to Taylor.

In addition, he has served as Poet in Residence at the California Institute of Technology ( 1971 – 72 ), Yale University ( Calhoun College ), University of Kansas, Dickinson College, and the University of Southern California.

Lincoln contrasted his support for the Declaration with opposing statements made by the Southern politician John C. Calhoun and Senator John Pettit of Indiana, who called the Declaration " a self-evident lie.

* E. M. Lander, Jr., The Calhoun Family and Thomas Green Clemson: The Decline of a Southern Patriarchy ( 1983 ) University of South Carolina Press, Columbia, SC.

The jurisdiction of the Southern District of Illinois comprises the following counties: Alexander, Bond, Calhoun, Clark, Clay, Clinton, Crawford, Cumberland, Edwards, Effingham, Fayette, Franklin, Gallatin, Hamilton, Hardin, Jackson, Jasper, Jefferson, Jersey, Johnson, Lawrence, Madison, Marion, Massac, Monroe, Perry, Pope, Pulaski, Randolph, Richland, Saline, St. Clair, Union, Wabash, Washington, Wayne, White, and Williamson.

Yancey was critical of Calhoun in the 1830s, but by the late 1840s he was fully supportive of Calhoun's defense of Southern institutions.

Calhoun delivered his famous " Southern Address ", but only 48 out of 121 Congressmen signed off on it.

John C. Calhoun embodied the Southern position, having once favored Clay's tariffs and roads, but by 1824 opposed to both.

In the House, antislavery Whigs led by John Quincy Adams voted against the war ; among Democrats, Senator John C. Calhoun was the most notable opponent of the declaration.

Whig leader Henry Clay designed a compromise, which failed to pass in early 1850, due to the opposition of both pro-slavery southern Democrats, led by John C. Calhoun, and anti-slavery northern Whigs.

Calhoun sided with the Whigs until he broke with key Whig Senator Daniel Webster over slavery, as well as the Whigs ' program of " internal improvements ".

Tyler was a former Democrat and broke bitterly with the Whigs, and named Calhoun Secretary of State in 1844.

In the years leading up to the Nullification Crisis, the resolutions divided Jeffersonian democrats, with states ' rights proponents such as John C. Calhoun supporting the Principles of ' 98 and President Andrew Jackson opposing them.

With the goal of building a strong nation that could fight future wars, Calhoun aggressively pushed for protective tariffs ( to build up industry ), a national bank, internal improvements ( such as canals and ports ), and other nationalist policies that he later repudiated.

Calhoun believed that the great achievement of the American constitution was in checking the tyranny of a numerical majority through institutional procedures that required a concurrent majority, such that each important interest in the community must consent to the actions of government.

Residential gardens such as this one at the Calhoun Mansion abound in Charleston.

Taylor's approach, defending the preservation of slavery under the circumstances and apprehensions of his day, was used to support later and more emphatic defenses of slavery by writers, such as John C. Calhoun, Edmund Ruffin, and George Fitzhugh, who extended the argument by claiming the institution to be a " positive good.

Theorists such as Callinicos ( 1991 ) and Calhoun ( 1995 ) offer a conservative position on the nature of contemporary society, downplaying the significance and extent of socio-economic changes and emphasising a continuity with the past.

He was also at odds with fellow Democrats, such as John C. Calhoun, who he thought put their opinions ahead of the Union to a treasonous degree.

The battle royal included competitors such as Rocky Johnson, Mil Máscaras, John Tolos, Haystacks Calhoun, and Ripper Collins.

Jackson was denounced as a tyrant by opponents on both ends of the political spectrum such as Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun.

Nationalists such as Calhoun were forced by the increasing power of such leaders to retreat from their previous positions and adopt, in the words of Ellis, " an even more extreme version of the states ' rights doctrine " in order to maintain political significance within South Carolina.

” Fearful that “ hotheads ” such as McDuffie might force the legislature into taking some drastic action against the federal government, historian John Niven describes Calhoun ’ s political purpose in the document:

State leaders such as Calhoun, Hayne, Smith, and William Drayton were all able to remain publicly non-committal or opposed to nullification for the next couple of years.

Poinsett ’ s political views were aligned with such nationalists as Secretary of State John Quincy Adams and Secretary of War John C. Calhoun.

Often, their votes opposed each other, as Barbour began to vote in line with Senators such as John C. Calhoun and Henry Clay.

The river crosses under U. S. Highway 11 at Calhoun and Charleston, Tennessee, where local industries such as Bowater Newsprint Mill and Arch / Olin Chemical use river water in their operations.

Fearful that " hotheads " such as McDuffie might force the legislature into taking some drastic action against the federal government, Calhoun ’ s aimed for a more measured process:

During his residence in the United States, Alvear had the opportunity to meet and interact with important political figures such as Joel Roberts Poinsett, Daniel Webster, John Calhoun and James Buchanan, among others.

* Conservative statesmen such as John Adams, Alexander Hamilton, Fisher Ames, George Canning, John C. Calhoun, John Randolph of Roanoke, Joseph de Maistre, Benjamin Disraeli, and Arthur Balfour ;

He had several recurring Update characters, such as Tim Calhoun ; He often appeared in musical bits on Weekend Update, such as one of The Kelly Brothers, Daryl Hall of Hall & Oates, and a member of reverse Bon Jovi band, Jon Bovi.

As a result, he was consequently given the nickname “ Haystacks ”; recognizing the showbiz potential of such a gimmick, Calhoun looked to exaggerate on his hillbilly persona by adopting the stage birthplace of Morgan ’ s Corner, Arkansas, while sporting a bushy beard, white tee-shirt, blue overalls, and a genuine horseshoe around his neck.