Calles founded the National Revolutionary Party early in the year to increase his power ; a party which was, ironically, seen by foreigners as fascist and which was in opposition to the Mexican Right.

During the 1980s and early 1990s, the station was very successful by mixing American shows translated to Spanish with locally produced sitcoms such as " Cuqui ", " Cara o Cruz ", " Entrando por la Cocina ", " Carmelo y Punto " and " Barrio Cuatro Calles ".

In 1936, Cárdenas had Calles and twenty of his corrupt associates arrested and deported to the United States, a decision that was greeted with great enthusiasm by the majority of the Mexican public.

The Plan of Agua Prieta, was a political manifesto signed in the city of Agua Prieta, 23 April 1920 by the governor of Sonora ( which is part of the population ) Adolfo de la Huerta and Plutarco Elías Calles, in support of Álvaro Obregón, the principal object to obtain termination of the presidency of the Republic of Venustiano Carranza.

In 1915, Pancho Villa made a night attack on Agua Prieta that was repelled by the forces of Plutarco Elías Calles, assisted by large searchlights ( possibly powered by American electricity ).

In 1924, Obregón's hand-picked successor, Plutarco Elías Calles, was elected as president, and although Obregón ostensibly retired to Sonora, he remained influential under Calles.

Obregón won the 1928 presidential election, but before he could begin his term, he was assassinated by a Catholic angered by the Calles government's treatment of Catholics.

Although Obregón was suspicious of the Catholic Church, he was far less anti-clerical than his successor, Plutarco Elías Calles, whose policies would lead to the Cristero War ( 1926 – 29 ).

In 1923, Obregón endorsed Plutarco Elías Calles for president in the 1924 election ( in which Obregón was not eligible to run ).

Following the crushing of the rebellion, Calles was elected president of Mexico and Obregón stepped down from office.

Obregón remained in close contact with President Calles, whom he had installed as his successor, and was a frequent guest of Calles at Chapultepec Castle.

This prompted fears that Obregón was intending to follow in the footsteps of Porfirio Díaz and that Calles was merely a puppet figure, the equivalent of Manuel González.

As an ally of Calles, Obregón was hated by Catholics and was assassinated in a restaurant on 17 July 1928, shortly after his return to Mexico City, by José de León Toral, a Roman Catholic opposed to the government's policies on religious matters.

Plutarco Elías Calles (; 25 September 1877 – 19 October 1945 ) was a Mexican general and politician.

He was the powerful interior minister under President Álvaro Obregón, who chose Calles as his successor.

The 1924 Calles presidential campaign was the first populist presidential campaign in the nation's history, as he called for land redistribution and promised equal justice, more education, additional labor rights, and democratic governance.

Elías Calles grew up in poverty and deprivation, the son of an alcoholic who was not married to his mother.

Calles ' presidency was supported by labor and peasant unions.

Calles quickly rejected the Bucareli Agreements of 1923 between the U. S. and Mexico, when Álvaro Obregón was president, and began drafting a new oil law that would strictly enforce article 27 of the Mexican constitution.

** Plutarco Elías Calles, President of Mexico ( b. 1877 )

Plutarco Calles, at the center of power for the anti-clerics, continued to gather power in Mexico City.

** Establishment of the National Revolutionary Party ( Partido Nacional Revolucionario ) in Mexico by ex-President Plutarco Elías Calles.

* Plutarco Elías Calles, Sonora, Mexico – south

Calles continued to dominate Mexico after his presidency with administrations that were his puppets.

Plutarco Elías Calles and Lázaro Cárdenas, two future presidents of Mexico, both lived in the town during its early years.

Calles is most noted for a fierce oppression of Catholics that led to the Cristero War, a civil war between Catholic rebels and government forces, and for founding the Partido Nacional Revolucionario ( National Revolutionary Party, or PNR ), which eventually became the Institutional Revolutionary Party ( PRI ) – which governed Mexico for more than 70 consecutive years.

The American ambassador to Mexico branded Calles a communist, and Secretary of State Frank B. Kellogg issued a threat against Mexico on 12 June 1925.

Soon after, a direct telephone link was established between Calles and President Calvin Coolidge, and the U. S. ambassador to Mexico, James R. Sheffield, was replaced with Dwight Morrow.

To avoid a political vacuum, Calles named himself Jefe Máximo, the political chieftain of Mexico and Emilio Portes Gil was appointed temporary president, although in reality he was little more than a puppet of Calles.

Calles was allowed to return to Mexico under the reconciliation policy of Cárdenas's successor Manuel Ávila Camacho in 1941.

* Mexico Before the World by Plutarco Elías Calles at archive. org

Filmmaker Natalia Almada works from audio recordings made by her grandmother about Calles, Almada's great-grandfather, relating history to present in Mexico.

Strongmen who sometimes governed through figureheads included Diego Portales of Chile, Rafael Núñez of Colombia, Tomás Guardia Gutiérrez of Costa Rica, Fulgencio Batista of Cuba, Ulises Heureaux and Rafael Trujillo of the Dominican Republic, Gabriel García Moreno of Ecuador, Raoul Cédras of Haiti, Porfirio Díaz and Plutarco Elías Calles of Mexico, the Somoza family of Nicaragua, José Antonio Remón Cantera, Omar Torrijos and Manuel Noriega of Panama, Dési Bouterse of Suriname, and Antonio Guzmán Blanco and Juan Vicente Gómez of Venezuela.

He was also influenced by the contemporary American comics that the reporter Léon Degrelle had sent back to Belgium from Mexico, where he was stationed to report on the persecution of Catholics by the government of President Plutarco Elías Calles.

The President of Mexico, Plutarco Elias Calles, was elected in 1924.

Sandino looked to revolutionary Mexico, but the country's revolution had taken an anti-communist turn under de facto ruler Plutarco Elías Calles.

With the rise of anti-Chinese sentiment in Mexico in the 1930s under President Plutarco Elías Calles, most Chinese Mexicans, including individuals of mixed Chinese and Mexican descent, were forced out of Mexico and deported to China.

Calles opposed Cárdenas's support for labor unions, especially his tolerance and support for strikes, while Cárdenas opposed Calles's violent methods and his closeness to fascist organizations, most notably the Gold Shirts of general Nicolás Rodríguez Carrasco, which harassed Communists, Jews and Chinese.

His detractors drew comparisons between Calles and the " Grand Turk ", the anti-Christian leaders from the era of the Crusades.

Its membership in the International dates from the Mexican Revolution and the founding of the party by Plutarco Elías Calles, when the party had a clearer Institutional orientation.

After establishing himself in the presidency, Cárdenas and the Mexican Congress turned on Calles and condemned his continued war-like persecution of the Catholic Church.

The period which Obregón had been elected to serve between 1928 and 1934, in which Calles was Jefe Máximo, is known as the Maximato in Mexican history, with many regarding Emilio Portes Gil, Pascual Ortiz Rubio, and Abelardo Rodríguez as his puppets.

By the summer of 1933, two of old wartime subordinates of Calles had risen to the top of the party: Manuel Pérez Treviño and Lázaro Cárdenas Calles sought to have Trevino be the party's nominee at the time, seeing that he would be the most likely to continue his policies, but soon caved into pressure from party officials and agreed to support the popular land reformer Cárdenas as the PNR's presidential candidate in the 1934 Mexican Presidential election.

In exile in the United States, Calles was in contact with various American fascists, although he rejected their anti-Semitic and anti-Mexican sentiments, and also befriended José Vasconcelos, a Mexican philosopher who had previously been a political enemy.

* Buchenau, Jurgen, Plutarco Elias Calles and the Mexican Revolution, ( Denver: Rowman & Littlefield, 2006 ).

In June 1926, Calles recognized a decree often referred to as “ Calles Law .” Under this provision, Article 130 of the 1917 Mexican Constitution was re-established.

As U. S. Ambassador to Mexico, Morrow was, unfortunately, instrumental in bringing U. S. State Department aid in the form of armaments and aircraft to assist the Bolshevik-inspired, anti-Christian government of Mexican President Plutarco Elias Calles which helped end the Cristero War of 1926 to 1929, an uprising and counter-revolution against the Calles ' government's war against Christianity.

Calles claimed to be strictly enforcing the anti-clerical provisions of the Mexican Constitution of 1917 and the expansion of further anti-clerical laws, but nothing in the Constitution allowed Calles to attempt to destroy the Christianity in Mexico.

Based in western Mexico, the rebellion was set off by the enforcement of the Mexican Constitution of 1917 by former Mexican President and atheist Plutarco Elias Calles, in order to persecute the Roman Catholic Church and its sub-organizations-a move inspired by Calles ' atheism and freemasonry.

A group of men and women protest Mexican President Plutarco Calles ' law against public religious practices.

" Calles ' military persecution of Catholics would be officially condemned by left-socialist leaning President Lázaro Cárdenas and the Mexican Congress in 1935.