In Canada the provinces of Atlantic Canada are known for being a home of Celtic music, most notably on the islands of Newfoundland, Cape Breton and Prince Edward Island.

Further, some older forms of Celtic music that are rare in Scotland and Ireland today, such as practice of accompanying a fiddle with a piano, or the Gaelic spinning songs of Cape Breton remain common in the Maritimes.

* Celtic Colours ( Cape Breton, Nova Scotia )

NASA landsat photo of Cape Breton Island

Cape Breton Island is part of the province of Nova Scotia, Canada.

The island is divided into four of Nova Scotia's eighteen counties: Cape Breton, Inverness, Richmond, and Victoria.

Cape Breton Island has experienced a decline in population of approximately 4. 4 % since the previous census in 2006.

Approximately 75 % of the island's population is located in the Cape Breton Regional Municipality ( CBRM ) which includes all of Cape Breton County and is often referred to as Industrial Cape Breton, given the history of coal mining and steel manufacturing in this area.

Cape Breton Island's first residents were likely Maritime Archaic natives, ancestors of the Mi ' kmaq, the latter of whom inhabited the island at the time of European discovery.

However, historians are unclear as to whether Cabot first visited Newfoundland or Cape Breton Island.

During the Anglo-French War ( 1627 – 1629 ), under Charles I, by 1629 the Kirkes took Quebec City, Sir James Stewart of Killeith, Lord Ochiltree planted a colony on Cape Breton Island at Baleine, Nova Scotia and Alexander ’ s son, William Alexander, 1st Earl of Stirling established the first incarnation of “ New Scotland ” at Port Royal.

In addition to Cape Breton Island, the French colony of Île Royale also included Île St .- Jean ( today called Prince Edward Island ).

The first permanently settled Scottish community on Cape Breton Island was Judique, settled in 1775 by Michael Mor MacDonald.

A line running from Cape Aspro ( 28 ° 16 ' E ) in Asia Minor, to Cum Burnù ( Capo della Sabbia ) the Northeast extreme of the Island of Rhodes, through the island to Cape Prasonisi, the Southwest point thereof, on to Vrontos Point ( 35 ° 33 ' N ) in Skarpanto < nowiki >< nowiki ></ nowiki >, through this island to Castello Point, the South extreme thereof, across to Cape Plaka ( East extremity of Crete ), through Crete to Agria Grabusa, the Northwest extreme thereof, thence to Cape Apolitares in Antikithera Island, through the island to Psira Rock ( off the Northwest point ) and across to Cape Trakhili in Kithera Island, through Kithera to the Northwest point ( Cape Karavugia ) and thence to Cape Santa Maria () in the Morea.

Kerguelen Islands ( France ; also an EU Overseas territory ) are situated in the Antarctic Convergence area, while the Falkland Islands, Isla de los Estados, Hornos Island with Cape Horn, Diego Ramírez Islands, Campbell Island, Macquarie Island, Amsterdam and Saint Paul Islands, Crozet Islands, Prince Edward Islands, and Gough Island and Tristan da Cunha group remain north of the Convergence and thus outside the Antarctic region.

Cape Breton Island ( Île Royale ) was returned to the French in the Treaty of Utrecht.

The French population numbered about 75, 000 and was heavily concentrated along the St. Lawrence River valley, with some also in Acadia ( present-day New Brunswick and parts of Nova Scotia ), Île Royale ( present-day Cape Breton Island ).

The most significant incident was the capture of the French Fortress Louisbourg on Cape Breton Island ( Île Royale ) by an expedition ( 29 April – 16 June 1745 ) of colonial militia organized by Massachusetts Governor William Shirley, commanded by William Pepperrell of Maine ( then part of Massachusetts ), and assisted by a Royal Navy fleet.

The Treaty of Utrecht resulted in the relinquishing of French claims to mainland Acadia, the Hudson Bay and Newfoundland colonies, and the establishment of the colony of Île Royale ( Cape Breton Island ) as the successor to Acadia.

Present-day Prince Edward Island and Cape Breton were conceded by Britain to France and renamed Île Saint-Jean and Île Royale.

Present-day New Brunswick and most of Maine remained contested territory, while New England conceded present-day Prince Edward Island and Cape Breton Island, which France quickly renamed Île St Jean and Île Royale ( Cape Breton Island ) respectively.

In the meantime, the French signalled their preparedness for future hostilities by beginning the construction of Fortress Louisbourg on Île Royale, now Cape Breton Island.

The Treaty of Utrecht resulted in the relinquishing of French claims to mainland Acadia, the Hudson Bay and Newfoundland, and the establishment of the colony of Île Royale ( Cape Breton Island ) as the successor to Acadia.

Although the treaty turned Hudson Bay, Newfoundland and part of Acadia ( peninsular Nova Scotia ) over to Great Britain, France remained in control of Île Royale ( Cape Breton Island ) ( which also administered Île Saint-Jean ( Prince Edward Island ).

The British defeated France in Acadia in the Battle of Fort Beausejour ( 1755 ) and then Île Royale ( Cape Breton Island ) ( which also administered Île Saint-Jean ( Prince Edward Island ) with the Siege of Louisbourg ( 1758 ).

France retained its other pre-war North American possessions, including Île-Saint-Jean ( now Prince Edward Island ) as well as Île Royale ( now Cape Breton Island ), on which it erected the Fortress of Louisbourg.

Louisbourg, on Cape Breton Island. French settlement on Île Royale ( now Cape Breton Island ) can be traced to the early 17th century following settlements in Acadia that were concentrated on Baie Française ( now the Bay of Fundy ) such as at Port-Royal and other locations in present-day peninsular Nova Scotia.

They were Acadia, Canada, Newfoundland, Louisiana, Île-Royale ( present-day Cape Breton Island ), and Île Saint Jean ( present-day Prince Edward Island ).

In her honor, a small island, off the coast of Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, Canada, which at that time was known as " L ' Île Royale ", was attributed to her ; this island was named Isle Madame ( first noted as l ' Isle de la Marquise ).

From 1749 – 55, there was massive Acadian migration out of British-occupied mainland Nova Scotia and into French-occupied Ile Saint-Jean ( Prince Edward Island ), Ile Royale ( Cape Breton ) and present-day New Brunswick.

Thousands of Acadians were deported from Ile Saint-Jean ( Prince Edward Island ) and Ile Royale ( Cape Breton ).

* Construction of Fortress Louisbourg by the French begins on Ile Royale ( Cape Breton Island ).

* Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle returns Ile Royale ( Cape Breton Island ) and Ile Saint-Jean ( Prince Edward Island ) to French.

By proclamation of October 17, 1763, after termination of the Seven Years ' War, Île Royale was renamed Cape Breton Island and was formally annexed to Nova Scotia.

The French Population moved to Ile Royale ( Cape Breton ).

Upon taking control of Ile Royale, Britain renamed it to Cape Breton Island and merged the territory into the Colony of Nova Scotia.

The scenery of the island is rivalled in northeastern North America only by Newfoundland and Cape Breton Island tourism marketing places a heavy emphasis on its Scottish Gaelic heritage through events such as the Celtic Colours Festival, held each October, as well as promotions through the Gaelic College of Celtic Arts and Crafts.

Cape Breton is well known for its traditional fiddle music, which was brought to North America by Scottish immigrants during the Highland Clearances.

As a result, significant portions of the three provinces are influenced by Celtic heritages, with Scottish Gaelic having been widely spoken, particularly in Cape Breton, although it is less prevalent today.

While Maritimers are predominantly of west European heritage ( Scottish, Irish, English, and Acadian ), immigration to Industrial Cape Breton during the heyday of coal mining and steel manufacturing brought people from eastern Europe as well as from Newfoundland.

* Cape Breton fiddling, with a distinct Scottish influence

* July – Scottish missionary David Livingstone arrives at Kuruman in the Northern Cape, his first posting in Africa.

* Nova Scotia, site of abortive Scottish colony in 1629 ; British colony 1713, but this did not permanently include Cape Breton Island until 1758.

In Cape Breton and other parts of Nova Scotia, a number of secondary schools now offer the option of taking introductory courses in Scottish Gaelic, as reflecting upon the province's both intimate and dark history with the Gaelic language and Highland Scottish diaspora.

Pictou was a receiving point for many Scottish immigrants moving to a new home in northern Nova Scotia and Cape Breton Island following the Highland Clearances of the late 18th and early 19th centuries.

Ackland Art Museum, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill ; Art Gallery of New South Wales, Sydney Australia ; The Art Institute of Chicago, Illinois ; Arts Council, England ; Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery, England ; The British Museum, London, England ; City Art Gallery, Leeds Museums and Galleries, England ; The Cleveland Museum of Art, Ohio ; Farnsworth Art Museum, Rockland, Maine ; Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University Art Museums, Cambridge, Massachusetts ; Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York ; Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C .; Imperial War Museum, London, England ; Irish Museum of Modern Art, Dublin ; Iziko Museum of Cape Town, South Africa ; Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York ; The Fred Jones, Jr. Museum of Art, University of Oklahoma, Norman ; Joslyn Art Museum, Omaha, Nebraska ; The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York ; Middlesbrough Institute of Modern Art, England ; MIT-List Visual Arts Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts ; Museum am Ostwall, Dortmund, Germany ; Museum Neuhaus — Sammlung Liaunig, Austria ; Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago, Illinois ; The Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, California ; Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Massachusetts ; The Museum of Modern Art, New York ; National Gallery of Art, Washington, D. C .; National Gallery of Australia, Canberra ; Neuberger Museum of Art, Purchase College, State University of New York ; The Phillips Collection, Washington, D. C .; Portland Museum of Art, Maine ; Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art Gallery, Edinburgh ; Southampton City Art Gallery, England ; Tate Gallery, London, England ; Ulster Museum, Belfast, Northern Ireland ; The University of Michigan Museum of Art, Ann Arbor ; Victoria and Albert Museum, London, England ; Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, Richmond ; The Walker Art Gallery, Liverpool, England ; Whitney Museum of American Art, New York ; Yale Center for British Art, New Haven, Connecticut.

He was named in honour of Edward Govan, a Scottish missionary who founded Lovedale College, the school that he attended in the Eastern Cape.

David Herd ( 1732 – 1810 ), the collector of the classic edition of Ancient and Modern Scottish Songs ( 1776 ), was " sovereign " of the Cape ( in which he was known as " Sir Scrape ") when Fergusson was dubbed a knight of the order, with the title of " Sir Precentor ", in allusion to his fine voice.

* Belle Cote, a small picturesque fishing village located at the mouth of the Margaree River where it flows into the Gulf of St Lawrence, marks the traditional boundary of the Scottish settlements to the south and the Acadian villages to the north that are located on the western side of Cape Breton Island.

The species was first described in 1840 by the Scottish naturalist Andrew Smith based on a specimen collected at the Cape of Good Hope.

Cape Wrath ( Scottish Gaelic: Am Parbh, known as An Carbh in Lewis ) is a cape in the parish of Durness, in the county of Sutherland, Highlands, in northern Scotland.

Pictou was a receiving point for many Scottish immigrants moving to a new home in northern Nova Scotia and Cape Breton Island following the Highland Clearances of the late 18th and early 19th centuries.

The town has an indirect connection to Scottish settlement in New Zealand ; the Reverend Norman McLeod emigrated to Pictou from Scotland some years after the Hector but eventually re-settled with his parishioners at St. Ann's on Cape Breton Island.

This celtic derived music is most strongly expressed on Cape Breton Island, which is especially well known for the Scottish influx in the late 18th century and early 19th century.

In some cases, like Cape Breton Island, Scottish folk traditions are better-maintained than in Scotland itself.

Scottish Gaelic has also survived among communities descended from immigrants in parts of Nova Scotia ( especially Cape Breton Island ), Glengarry County in present day Ontario, Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland ( although Newfoundland had an Irish Gaelic-speaking population ) in eastern Canada and those areas where Gaelic is spoken can also be said to be Gàidhealtachdan.

The 4th Regiment was called the South African Scottish and was raised from members of the Transvaal Scottish and the Cape Town Highlanders ; they wore the Atholl Murray tartan.