* Roman jurist Aemilius Papinianus, one of the famous jurists who flourished during the reign of the late emperor Septimius Severus, refuse to write a legal defence of the murder of Caracalla's brother, Publius Septimius Geta.

Not on good terms with Caracalla, Geta had been invited to a family reconciliation, at which time he was ambushed by centurions in Caracalla's army and slain in his mother Julia's arms.

By Caracalla's time the name Alemanni was being used by cantons themselves banding together for purposes of supporting a citizen army ( the " war bands ").

For instance, Caracalla's maternal grandfather was Julius Bassianus, but Caracalla's cognomen was not Julianus, but rather Bassianus as well.

Geta's image was simply removed from all coinage, paintings and statues, leaving a blank space next to Caracalla's.

Because Caracalla's silver coin was a new issue, and he had taken Antoninus as part of his imperial name, an association was made with it, and although the association is certainly false, the name has stuck.

Geta was murdered by Caracalla's soldiers in the same year.

Next, the legion was again sent to Parthia and their commander Macrinus was responsible for Caracalla's murder in that region in 217.

In order to legitimise this pretension, mother and daughter fomented the rumor that the 14 year old boy was Caracalla's illegitimate son.

To legitimise this plot, Julia and her mother spread the rumour that the thirteen-year-old boy was Caracalla's illegitimate son.

The temple was constructed in the 2nd century BC and reconstructed in marble during Caracalla's period ( 211-217 AD ).

For the first two centuries after Christ, a large sea-borne trade was carried on between the Roman empire and the Tamil kingdoms ; but after Caracalla's massacre at Alexandria in A. D. 215, this ceased, and with it all intercourse with Europe for centuries also.

He was not from Italy, for he says the Alps were bigger than anything “ in our part of the world .” ( 2. 11. 8 ) It has been suggested that Herodian was from Alexandria since he placed such a large emphasis on Caracalla's massacre of this city and its inhabitants.

The baths may have also been supplied by the Aqua Antoniniana, which was originally positioned to supply Caracalla's baths in the early 3rd century.

Caracalla's successor, the Praetorian Prefect of the Guard Macrinus, was defeated at Nisibis and concluded a peace with Artabanus, in which he gave up all the Roman conquests, restored the booty, and paid a heavy contribution to the Parthians.

They championed the cause of Elagabalus, then aged 14, who was Caracalla's cousin and who they passed off as his illegitimate son.

It has been argued that the sculpture noted by Pliny in his Natural History could not be the Farnese Bull, and is instead a 3rd century AD Roman version, made specifically for Caracalla's Baths.

This process culminated in 212 AD, when Emperor Caracalla's Constitutio Antoniniana granted the citizenship to all free-born men of the Empire.

Caracalla's mother, Julia Domna, and his aunt, Julia Maesa, were suspicious of Macrinus ' role in the death of Caracalla, and returned home to Syria.

Caracalla's maternal aunt, Julia Maesa, successfully instigated a revolt among the Third Legion to have her eldest grandson ( and Caracalla's cousin ), Elagabalus, declared emperor in his place.

* The Palazzo Colonna ( 17th century ), in front of Palazzo Rospigliosi, contains some remains of Caracalla's temple of Serapis

* Caracalla's victories in Germany ensure his popularity within the Roman army.

Thus among the biographies of 2nd-century and early 3rd-century figures are included Hadrian's heir Aelius Caesar, and the usurpers Avidius Cassius, Pescennius Niger and Clodius Albinus, Caracalla's brother Geta and Macrinus's son Diadumenianus.

In this context the use of Alemanni is possibly an anachronism but it reveals that Ammianus believed they were the same people, which is consistent with the location of the Alemanni of Caracalla's campaigns.

To strengthen his legitimacy through further propaganda, Elagabalus assumed Caracalla's names, Marcus Aurelius Antoninus.

He is beheaded in Rome, in Caracalla's presence.

* Caracalla's troops massacre the population of Alexandria, Egypt, beginning with the leading citizens.

Among those killed were Caracalla's ex-wife, Fulvia Plautilla, and her brother and other members of the family of his former father-in-law Gaius Fulvius Plautianus.

When the inhabitants of Alexandria heard Caracalla's claims that he had killed Geta in self-defense, they produced a satire mocking this as well as Caracalla's other pretensions.

In the beginnings of the 3rd century, the legion is involved in Caracalla's campaign against Germanic tribes and receives the cognomen Germanica.

Like his volume on Wycliffe, the work was accompanied by the publication of a selected group of documents, in this case illustrative of the history of Queen Anne's reign down to 1707.

There was a tradition that the Delphic oracle was consulted as early as the period of the kings of Rome during the reign of Tarquinius Superbus.

In England it was first imposed by statute in the reign of Elizabeth I of England ( 1558 ) and its form has more than once been altered since.

His reign was headquartered in Magadha ( present-day Bihar ).

His reign was the most peaceful in the entire history of the Principate ; while there were several military disturbances throughout the Empire in his time, in Mauretania, Iudaea, and amongst the Brigantes in Britannia, none of them are considered serious.

Nevertheless, Antoninus was virtually unique among emperors in that he dealt with these crises without leaving Italy once during his reign, but instead dealt with provincial matters of war and peace through their governors or through imperial letters to the cities such as Ephesus ( of which some were publicly displayed ).

The older son, Gesalec, was chosen king but his reign was disastrous.

During Ahab's reign, Moab, which had been conquered by his father, remained tributary ; while Judah, with whose king, Jehoshaphat, he was allied by marriage, was probably his vassal.

Caracalla left for the frontier, where for the rest of his short reign he was known for his unpredictable and arbitrary operations launched by surprise after a pretext of peace negotiations.

This step was the beginning of the troubles which clouded the closing years of Albert's reign.

He was responsible for the destruction of the musical clock organ that Elizabeth I of England sent to the court during the reign of his father.

The reign of Ahmed III, which had lasted for twenty-seven years, although marked by the disasters of the Great Turkish War, was not unsuccessful.

It was in this reign that an important change in the government of the Danubian Principalities was introduced: previously, the Porte had appointed Hospodars, usually native Moldavian and Wallachian boyars, to administer those provinces ; after the Russian campaign of 1711, during which Peter the Great found an ally in Moldavia Prince Dimitrie Cantemir, the Porte began overtly deputizing Phanariote Greeks in that region, and extended the system to Wallachia after Prince Stefan Cantacuzino established links with Eugene of Savoy.

Agrippina was the first Roman matron to have more than one child from her family to reign on the Roman throne.

In the first years of Claudius ’ reign, Claudius was married to the infamous Empress Valeria Messalina.

During the remainder of Nero's reign, Agrippina's grave was not covered or enclosed.

One was a praetor under Emperor Tiberius ’ reign and the other, his son, was a general.

The earliest " year names ", whereby each year of a king's reign was named after a significant event performed by that king, date from the reign of Sargon the Great.

The period of Alboin's reign as king in Pannonia following the death of his father, Audoin, was one of confrontation and conflict between the Lombards and their main neighbors, the Gepids.