Gerolamo ( or Girolamo, or Geronimo ) Cardano (; ; 24 September 1501 – 21 September 1576 ) was an Italian Renaissance mathematician, physician, astrologer and gambler.

He was born in Pavia, Lombardy, the illegitimate child of Fazio Cardano, a mathematically gifted lawyer, who was a friend of Leonardo da Vinci.

In 1525, Cardano repeatedly applied to the College of Physicians in Milan, but was not admitted owing to his combative reputation and illegitimate birth.

Cardano himself wrote that the Archbishop had been short of breath for ten years, and after the cure was effected by his assistant, he was paid 1, 400 gold crowns.

The solution to one particular case of the cubic equation ( in modern notation ), was communicated to him by Niccolò Fontana Tartaglia ( who later claimed that Cardano had sworn not to reveal it, and engaged Cardano in a decade-long fight ), and the quartic was solved by Cardano's student Lodovico Ferrari.

Cardano was notoriously short of money and kept himself solvent by being an accomplished gambler and chess player.

Cardano himself was accused of heresy in 1570 because he had computed and published the horoscope of Jesus in 1554.

He was extremely bright, so Cardano started teaching him mathematics.

Ferrari aided Cardano on his solutions for quadratic equations and cubic equations, and was mainly responsible for the solution of quartic equations that Cardano published.

While still in his teens, Ferrari was able to obtain a prestigious teaching post after Cardano resigned from it and recommended him.

As the unpublished work was dated before Tartaglia's, Cardano decided his promise could be broken and included Tartaglia's solution in his next publication.

Even though Cardano credited his discovery, Tartaglia was extremely upset.

Much of the material on spherical trigonometry in Regiomontanus ' On Triangles was taken directly and without credit from the twelfth-century work of Jabir ibn Aflah otherwise known as Geber, as noted in the sixteenth century by Gerolamo Cardano.

Tartaglia is credited with the general formula for solving cubic polynomials, ( which may in fact be from Scipione del Ferro but was published by Gerolamo Cardano 1545 ).

( The first book about games of chance, Liber de ludo aleae (" On Casting the Die "), was written by Girolamo Cardano in the 1560s, but not published until 1663.

This solution was then rediscovered independently in 1535 by Niccolò Fontana Tartaglia, who shared it with Gerolamo Cardano, asking him to not publish it.

A further step was the 1770 paper Réflexions sur la résolution algébrique des équations by the French-Italian mathematician Joseph Louis Lagrange, in his method of Lagrange resolvents, where he analyzed Cardano and Ferrarri's solution of cubics and quartics by considering them in terms of permutations of the roots, which yielded an auxiliary polynomial of lower degree, providing a unified understanding of the solutions and laying the groundwork for group theory and Galois theory.

Bookkeeping by double entry may have been known to Stevin, as he was a clerk in Antwerp in his younger years, either practically or through the medium of the works of Italian authors such as Luca Pacioli and Gerolamo Cardano.

The generating circles of these hypocycloids were later named Cardano circles or cardanic circles and were used for the construction of the first high-speed printing presses.

* 1550 — Gerolamo Cardano writes about electricity in De Subtilitate distinguishing, perhaps for the first time, between electrical and magnetic forces.

The first person known to have suggested its use for transmitting motive power was Gerolamo Cardano, an Italian mathematician, in 1545, although it is unclear whether he produced a working model.

The first autokey cipher was invented by Girolamo Cardano, and contained a fatal defect.

As stated above, Cardano credited Ferrari as the first to discover one of these labyrinthine solutions.

Girolamo Cardano was the first to describe these hypocycloids, which had applications in the technology of high-speed printing press.

Osiander's Italian pal, Dr. Cardano, who cures the asthmatic Archbishop John Hamilton, executed for helping Mary, Queen of Scots, whose lover, the explosive bearing Earl of Bothwell, ends up in Scandinavia with a friend of astronomer Tycho Brahe, whose assistant, Willem Blaeu, makes maps updated in the first true atlas by the Englishman Dudley, working in Italy for Bernardo Buontalenti, who got opera started, which was a rave success, especially with the French Cardinal Mazarin, whose library inspired the secretary of the English navy, which eventually buys French semaphore, after which Gamble gets the patent for canned food that feeds explorers like Hooker, who transplanted rubber trees to Sri Lanka.

* 1500's-Geronimo Cardano was the first physician to recognize the ability of the deaf to reason and tries to teach his son using a set of symbols.

* 1576 – Gerolamo Cardano, Italian mathematician ( b. 1501 )

* 1501 – Gerolamo Cardano, Italian mathematician ( d. 1576 )

* September 21 – Gerolamo Cardano, Italian mathematician, physician, astrologer and gambler ( b. 1502 )

* September 24 – Gerolamo Cardano, Italian mathematician, physician, astrologer and gambler ( d. 1576 )

The Italian mathematician Gerolamo Cardano ( 1501 – 1576 ) stated without proof that the accuracies of empirical statistics tend to improve with the number of trials.

The gimbal suspension used for mounting compasses and the like is sometimes called a Cardan suspension after Italian mathematician and physician Gerolamo Cardano ( 1501 – 1576 ) who described it in detail.

Fazio Cardano ( 1444 – August 28, 1524 ) was an Italian jurist and mathematician.

Throughout its history, the university has benefited from the presence of many learned men and distinguished scientists who wrote celebrated works and made important discoveries e. g. the mathematician Girolamo Cardano ( born in Pavia, 1501 – 76 ), the physicist Alessandro Volta ( Pavia chair of natural philosophy 1769-1804 ), the poet Ugo Foscolo ( chair of Italian eloquence 1809-10 ), and the physician Camillo Golgi ( at Pavia from 1861 ).

* Gerolamo Cardano, mathematician, physician, astrologer and gambler.

* Gerolamo Cardano or Jerome Cardan ( 1501-1576 ), a Renaissance mathematician, physician, astrologer, and gambler

* A recreational article about Cardano and the discovery of the two basic ingredients of quantum theory, probability and complex numbers.

Messages are filled out with a jumble of letters or numbers and are clearly cryptograms whereas Cardano intended to create steganograms.

Someone also assigned to Cardano the credit for the invention of the so-called Cardano's Rings, also called Chinese Rings, but it is very probable that they are more ancient than Cardano.

In his autobiography, Cardano claimed that his mother had attempted to abort him.

Portrait of Cardano on display at the School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews.

Cardano invented several mechanical devices including the combination lock, the gimbal consisting of three concentric rings allowing a supported compass or gyroscope to rotate freely, and the Cardan shaft with universal joints, which allows the transmission of rotary motion at various angles and is used in vehicles to this day.

Alessandro Manzoni's novel I Promessi Sposi portrays a pedantic scholar of the obsolete, Don Ferrante, as a great admirer of Cardano.

* Cardano, Girolamo, Astrological Aphorisms of Cardan, The.

* Cardano, Girolamo, The Book of My Life.

* Ore, Øystein: Cardano, the Gambling Scholar.

* Cardano, Girolamo, Opera omnia, Charles Sponi, ed., 10 vols.

* Sirasi, Nancy G. The Clock and the Mirror: Girolamo Cardano and Renaissance Medicine.

* Morley, Henry The life of Girolamo Cardano, of Milan, Physician 2 vols.

* Ekert, Artur " Complex and unpredictable Cardano.