The Lord Chancellor of England was almost always a bishop up until the dismissal of Cardinal Thomas Wolsey by Henry VIII.

An example of this was found in Henry VIII's England where his chief minister was Cardinal Wolsey.

In 1530, King Henry VIII acquired York Place from Cardinal Thomas Wolsey, a powerful minister who had lost the King's favour.

From our knowledge, performances were given in the house of Cardinal Wolsey by boys of St. Paul ’ s School as early as 1527.

A Spaniard, he was appointed in 1523 to the Lectureship of Rhetoric at Oxford by Cardinal Wolsey, and was entrusted by Henry VIII to be one of the tutors of Mary.

* 1515 – Thomas Wolsey is invested as a Cardinal

Under the leadership of Cardinal Wolsey ( the Archbishop of York and Lord Chancellor ) and Thomas Cranmer ( the Archbishop of Canterbury ) ( 1515-1529 ), the Court of Star Chamber became a political weapon for bringing actions against opponents to the policies of King Henry VIII, his Ministers and his Parliament.

As secretary and personal adviser to King Henry VIII, More became increasingly influential in the government, welcoming foreign diplomats, drafting official documents, and serving as a liaison between the King and his Lord Chancellor: Thomas Wolsey, the Cardinal Archbishop of York.

" The historian Jasper Ridley, author of several biographies including one on Henry VIII and another on Mary Tudor, goes much further in his dual biography of More and Cardinal Wolsey, The Statesman and the Fanatic, describing More as " a particularly nasty sadomasochistic pervert ," a line of thinking followed by the late Joanna Denny in her 2004 biography of Anne Boleyn.

When Cardinal Wolsey, the king's Lord Chancellor, selected several Cambridge scholars, including Edward Lee, Stephen Gardiner and Richard Sampson, to be diplomats throughout Europe, Cranmer was chosen to take a minor role in the English embassy in Spain.

He gave Cardinal Wolsey the task of prosecuting his case ; Wolsey began by consulting university experts.

When it became clear to Henry that the Tudor dynasty was at risk, he consulted his chief minister Cardinal Thomas Wolsey about the possibility of divorcing Catherine.

* October 13 – Cardinal Wolsey founds a college at Ipswich, which later becomes Ipswich School.

* Ipswich School was founded in its current form by Cardinal Thomas Wolsey from older ( dating back to 1299 ) institutions in the town.

" Cardinal Wolsey condemned Tyndale as a heretic, his first mention in open court as a heretic being in January 1529.

In 1530, he wrote The Practyse of Prelates, opposing Henry VIII's planned divorce from Catherine of Aragon, in favour of Anne Boleyn, on the grounds that it was unscriptural and was a plot by Cardinal Wolsey to get Henry entangled in the papal courts of Pope Clement VII.

Papal diplomacy in the interests of peace failed, however ; Cardinal Wolsey made England, not the pope, the arbiter between France and the Empire ; and much of the money collected for the crusade from tithes and indulgences was spent in other ways.

* November 29 – Cardinal Thomas Wolsey, British statesman ( b. c. 1473 )

* May – July – Cardinal Thomas Wolsey, Archbishop of York, presides over a legatine court at Blackfriars, London, to rule on the legality of King Henry VIII of England's marriage to Catherine of Aragon.

* October 26 – Cardinal Wolsey falls from power in England due to his failure to prevent Habsburg expansion in Europe and obtain an annulment of Henry VIII's marriage.

* November 15 – Thomas Wolsey is invested as a Cardinal.

However, in January of 1524 Cardinal Thomas Wolsey broke the betrothal, Anne was sent back home to Hever Castle, and Percy was married to Lady Mary Talbot, to whom he had been betrothed since adolescence.

Henry had set his hopes upon a direct appeal to the Holy See, acting independently of Cardinal Wolsey, to whom he at first communicated nothing of his plans related to Anne.

Cardinal Thomas Wolsey does all he can to accomplish Henry's desire for a divorce from Catherine, but ultimately fails ( and later dies en-route to the Tower of London ).

In the 1550s, Henry's daughter, Mary I, granted the manor to Cardinal Reginald Pole who held it until his death in 1558 when it once again become royal property.

This lack of preparation and education is seen in the heavy influence during the early years of Henry's reign of older statesmen such as Cardinal Thomas Wolsey and the queen Catherine of Aragon, his elder by five years.

On both of these occasions however, Cardinal Winchester, ostensibly a pious man, distorts Henry's genuine piety.

One further aspect of King Henry's retinue was the presence of a two royal monkeys covered in gold leaf, these were known to have been gifts from the Ottoman Sultan Selim I and brought much laughter and merriment from Francis I as contemporary Cardinal Wolsey recounts ' The French King was overcome with much curiosity playing with those little knaves that did all they could to steal and pester his advisers, yet he willed them to be present at every banquet '.

The League then attempted to declare the Cardinal of Bourbon, Henry's uncle, as king Charles X of France on November 21, 1589, but his status as a prisoner of Henry of Navarre and his death in May 1590 removed all legitimacy from this gesture.

The subject of the painting comes from Henry VIII, Act II, Scene iv, and the refutation of Cardinal Wolsey, charged with obtaining Henry's divorce from his Queen, Katherine.

He instructed Henry in the Catholic religion ; and in 1594 was sent to Rome, where with Cardinal d ' Ossat ( 1536 – 1604 ) he obtained Henry's absolution.

In 1528, he accompanied Cardinal Wolsey on a mission to France, and in 1530, he was one of the peers who gave Pope Clement VII the declaration regarding Henry's divorce from Catherine of Aragon.

He was an elder brother of Sir Edward Nevill who was executed in 1540 on order of King Henry VIII, charged with devising to maintain, promote, and advance King Henry's cousin, Cardinal Reginald Pole, late Dean of Exeter, enemy of the King, beyond the sea, and to deprive the King.

Although he briefly joined in the scheme of his brother Charles, Cardinal de Bourbon, to form a third party in the kingdom, he attended Henry's coronation in 1594.

Having entered the Church he obtained several livings owing to the favour of Cardinal Wolsey ; after Wolsey's fall he rose high in the esteem of Henry VIII and of Thomas Cromwell, serving both king and minister in the business of suppressing the monasteries, and he is said to have celebrated Henry's secret marriage with Anne Boleyn in January 1533.

Cardinal Richelieu, chief minister of France.

Although Cardinal Richelieu, the powerful chief minister of France, had previously mauled the Protestants, he joined this war on their side in 1636 because it was in the raison d ' état ( national interest ).

Louis XIV, known as the " Sun King ", reigned over France from 1643 until 1715 although his strongest period of personal rule did not begin until 1661 after the death of his Italian chief minister Cardinal Mazarin.

The chief culprit, Cardinal Coscia, was heavily fined and sentenced to ten years ' imprisonment.

* April 29-Louis XIII of France appoints Cardinal Richelieu chief minister of the Royal Council.

* January 29 – Cardinal André-Hercule de Fleury, Bishop of Fréjus, chief minister of France under Louis XV ( b. 1653 )

* June 26 – Cardinal André-Hercule de Fleury, Bishop of Fréjus, chief minister of France under Louis XV of France ( d. 1743 )

After some years of weak government by Louis's favorites, the King made Armand Jean du Plessis, Cardinal Richelieu, a former protégé of his mother, the chief minister of France in 1624.

In 1524, Cromwell was elected as a member of Gray's Inn and entered the service of Henry VIII's chief minister, Thomas Cardinal Wolsey.

* Armand Jean du Plessis de Richelieu, Cardinal de Richelieu and chief minister to Louis XIII

* Peechee ( Pesew-‘ Mountain Lion ’, also known as Louis Piche ), Chief of the Asini Wachi Nehiyawak and later the head chief of the ' Rocky / Mountain Cree ' or Asini Wachi Wi Iniwak, born about 1821, introduced under the Asini Wachi Wi Iniwak the Catholic rite, his three sons, Piyesew Chak, Keskayiwew (' Bobtail ') and Ermineskin were also significant chiefs, Pesew and his elder son Chak Piyesew were killed during a gambling dispute in 1843, among his sons-in-law were the chiefs Samson, Chiniki, Bearspaw, Capote Blank and Jacques Cardinal )

Cardinal de Fleury was his chief minister from 1726 until the Cardinal's death in 1743, at which time the young king took over control of the Kingdom.

She was the daughter of a chief agent of the powerful Pâris family of financiers who became embroiled in the intrigue that ousted the Duke of Bourbon as head of the Regency council in favour of Cardinal de Fleury.

The marriage was arranged by Cardinal Alberoni, with the concurrence of the Princesse des Ursins, the Camarera mayor de Palacio (" chief of the household ") of the king of Spain.

Louis's chief minister, Cardinal Richelieu, is credited with beginning the modern transformation of the Bastille into a more formal organ of the French state, further increasing its structured use as a state prison.

During her regency ( 1643 – 1651 ) Cardinal Mazarin served as France's chief minister.

Anne assumed the regency but to general surprise entrusted the government to the chief minister, Cardinal Mazarin, who was a protégé of Cardinal Richelieu and figured among the council of the regency.

Richelieu soon rose in both the Catholic Church and the French government, becoming a Cardinal in 1622, and King Louis XIII's chief minister in 1624.

Marie believed that the Cardinal had robbed her of her political influence ; thus, she demanded that her son dismiss the chief minister.

The Académie was officially established in 1635 by Cardinal Richelieu, the chief minister to King Louis XIII.

The Académie was officially established in 1635 by Cardinal Richelieu, the chief minister to King Louis XIII.