Carthage had a liquidity problem and attempted to gain financial help from Egypt, a mutual ally of Rome and Carthage, but failed.

Concerned about the possibility of a large, disgruntled, mercenary force encamped near Carthage, Gesco, the Carthaginian commandant responsible for transporting the mercenaries from Sicily, attempted to deploy the mercenaries throughout Carthaginian territory.

Both Polycarp and Cyprian, bishops in Smyrna and Carthage respectively, attempted to avoid martyrdom.

Jackson had his men divide up and attempted to surround Sigel's force, the battle went on steadily throughout the day until both forces faced off in the Carthage town square.

Carthage under Hamilcar tries to intervene but a force under the Roman general and consul Marcus Atilius Regulus and his colleague Lucius Manlius Vulso Longus defeat the Carthaginian fleet in the Battle of Cape Ecnomus off the southern coast of Sicily.

Pinnes was not favored among the Illyrians and in 218 BC Scerdilaidas took over his nephew's role and became king. Rome, due to problems it had with Carthage at the time, did not intervene.

In 148 BC, Andriskos conquered Thessaly and made an alliance with Carthage, thus bringing the Roman wrath on him.

War with Carthage followed.

After concluding peace with Carthage in 306 BC, Agathocles styled himself king of Sicily in 304 BC, and established his rule over the Greek cities of the island more firmly than ever.

A peace treaty with Carthage left him in control of Sicily east of the Halycus River.

Churchill was saved by Lord Moran, using sulphonamides, since he had no experience with penicillin, when Churchill fell ill in Carthage in Tunisia in 1943.

In 184 BC, Hannibal of Carthage had clay pots filled with venomous snakes and instructed his soldiers to throw the pots onto the decks of Pergamene ships.

The growth of the population of ancient civilizations, the formation of ancient empires concentrating political power, and the growth in commerce and manufacturing led to ever greater capital cities and centres of commerce and industry, with Alexandria, Antioch and Seleucia of the Hellenistic civilization, Pataliputra ( now Patna ) in India, Chang ' an ( now Xi ' an ) in China, Carthage, ancient Rome, its eastern successor Constantinople ( later Istanbul ).

The other 50 % were with the emperor ( s ) in his or their Comitatus, with the praetorian prefects, with the grain supply officials in the capital ( later, the capitals, Rome and Constantinople ), Alexandria, and Carthage and officials from the central offices located in the provinces.

Either unhappy with the prospect of a Carthaginian garrison, or convinced that the recent alliance between Rome and Carthage against Pyrrhus reflected cordial relations between the two, the Mamertines petitioned Rome for an alliance, hoping for more reliable protection.

However, the rivalry between Rome and Carthage had grown since the war with Pyrrhus ; therefore, according to Warmington, an alliance with both powers was simply no longer feasible.

According to the historian Polybius, considerable debate took place in Rome on the question of whether to accept the Mamertines ' appeal for help, and thus likely enter into a war with Carthage.

The main blockade targets were the important ports, since neither Carthage nor Rome were based in Sicily and both needed continuous reinforcements and communication with the mainland.

* Carthage lost 500 ships with an unknown number crew deaths.

Though Hamilcar was killed in 229 BC, the offensive continued with the Carthaginians extending their power towards the Ebro valley and founding " New Carthage " in 228 BC.

It was this expansion that led to the Second Punic War when Carthage besieged the Roman protected town of Saguntum in 218 BC, igniting a conflict with Rome.

In North Africa the former Phoenician colony of Carthage rose to dominate its surroundings with an empire that contained many of the former Phoenician holdings.

Hasdrubal pursued a policy of consolidation of Carthage's Iberian interests, even signing a treaty with Rome whereby Carthage would not expand north of the Ebro River, so long as Rome did not expand south of it.

It is often argued that if Hannibal had received proper material reinforcements from Carthage, he might have succeeded with a direct attack upon Rome.

In 203 BC, after nearly fifteen years of fighting in Italy, and with the military fortunes of Carthage rapidly declining, Hannibal was recalled to Carthage to direct the defense of his native country against a Roman invasion under Scipio Africanus.

This Roman cavalry superiority was due to the betrayal of Masinissa, who had earlier assisted Carthage in Iberia, but changed sides in 206 BC with the promise of land and due to his personal conflicts with Syphax, a Carthaginian ally.

After a brief but fierce storm sent up against the group at Juno's request, Aeneas and his fleet made landfall at Carthage after six years of wanderings.

Following the conclusive naval victory off Drepana in 249 BC, Carthage ruled the seas as Rome was unwilling to finance the construction of yet another expensive fleet.

Carthage lost most of its fleet and was economically incapable of funding another, or of finding manpower for the crews.

* 256 BC: Rome attempts to invade Africa and Carthage attempts to intercept the transport fleet.

Also, Carthage was to reduce its fleet and pay a war indemnity.

Emperor Theodosius II sends a imperial fleet with an army under command of Aspar and lands at Carthage.

* A Vandal fleet and their allies ( Alans, Goths and Moors ) set out from Carthage for Sicily, the principal supplier of oil and grain to Italy after the loss of North Africa.

Belisarius marches his army northwards, towards Carthage ( over 140 miles ), following the coast, accompanied by the fleet and shadowed by Gelimer.

He then set about rebuilding the fortifications of the city, and his fleet sought shelter in the lake of Tunis, five miles ( 8 km ) south of Carthage.

** Ad Herbal, admiral of the Carthaginian fleet who has battled for domination of the Mediterranean Sea for Carthage in the First Punic War against Rome

* Ad Herbal, admiral of the Carthaginian fleet who has battled for domination of the Mediterranean Sea for Carthage in the First Punic War against Rome

* The Romans, determined to win control of Sicily from Carthage, build a fleet based on the model of a captured Carthaginian quinquereme.

Carthage at this time was feeling the strain of the prolonged conflict ( In addition to maintaining a fleet and soldiers in Sicily they were also fighting the Libyans and Numidians in Africa ), and as a result Hamilcar was given a fairly small army and the Carthaginian fleet was gradually withdrawn so that by 242 BC Carthage had no ships to speak of in Sicily.

The better trained Roman fleet defeated a hastily raised undermanned and ill trained Punic fleet at Battle of the Aegates Islands in 241 BC, cutting off Sicily from Carthage.

A Byzantine fleet arrived, retook Carthage but in 698 Hasan ibn al-Nu ' man returned and defeated Tiberios III at the Battle of Carthage.

Cap Bon, in modern Tunisia is the place where the Byzantine fleet led by Basiliscus landed to launch an attack upon the Vandals | Vandal capital of Carthage.

Both were enormous ; Nicephorus Gregoras speaks of one hundred thousand ships, the more reliable Cedrenus says that the fleet that attacked Carthage consisted of eleven hundred and thirteen ships, having each one hundred men on board.

Also, Carthage was to reduce its fleet and pay a war indemnity.