Ever since Catholic Emancipation, members of parliament were required to swear the oath " on the true faith of a Christian.

Its notable victories were the Catholic Emancipation Act of 1829, the Reform Act of 1832, and the repeal of the Corn Laws in 1846.

Its sole constituent college, Trinity College, was established by Royal Charter in 1592 under Elizabeth I and was closed to Roman Catholics until Catholic Emancipation.

Catholic Emancipation took another 200 years, but many important and loyal Catholics retained high office during King James I's reign.

* 1829 – Catholic Emancipation: The Parliament of the United Kingdom passes the Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829, allowing Catholics to serve in Parliament.

Despite their repeal, restrictions against Roman Catholics were still in place until full Catholic Emancipation in 1829.

Despite being a time of great attrition for the religion in England before Catholic Emancipation in the 19th century, the recusant period reaped an extensive harvest of saints and martyrs.

Part of the trade-off for the Irish Catholics was to be the granting of Catholic Emancipation, which had been fiercely resisted by the all-Anglican Irish Parliament.

However the decision to block Catholic Emancipation fatally undermined the appeal of the Union.

Part of the agreement which led to the 1800 Act of Union stipulated that the Penal Laws in Ireland were to be repealed and Catholic Emancipation granted.

A campaign under lawyer and politician Daniel O ' Connell, and the death of George III, led to the concession of Catholic Emancipation in 1829, allowing Catholics to sit in Parliament.

He was re-elected for the University of Oxford ( i. e. representing the MA graduates of the University ) at the General Election in 1847 – Peel had once held this seat but had lost it because of his espousal of Catholic Emancipation in 1829.

Sir Robert Peel, Gladstone's chief, was outraged because this would upset the delicate political issue of Catholic Emancipation and anger the Nonconformists.

The Catholic Relief Act by Parliament of the United Kingdom granted a substantial measure of Catholic Emancipation in Britain and Ireland.

* April 13-Passage of the Catholic Relief Act by Parliament of the United Kingdom granting a substantial measure of Catholic Emancipation in Britain and Ireland.

* May 15 – Daniel O ' Connell, Irish politician, who founded the Catholic Emancipation Act of 1829 ( b. 1775 )

But in a curious turnaround, his History by its very impartiality is a Catholic apologetic, and Lingard's desire for impartiality is a reflection of the Catholic political and intellectual situation in the Emancipation era.

Canning favoured Catholic Emancipation, while Peel had been one of its most outspoken opponents ( earning the nickname " Orange Peel ").

However, the pressure on the new ministry from advocates of Catholic Emancipation was too great and an Emancipation Bill was passed the next year.

* 1829 – The Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829 gives Roman Catholics in the United Kingdom the right to vote and to sit in Parliament.

Catholic emancipation was secured in the Catholic Relief Act of 1829, which removed the most substantial restrictions on Roman Catholics in Britain.

Catholic emancipation was secured in the Catholic Relief Act 1829, which removed the most substantial restrictions on Roman Catholics in Britain.

The Tory government under Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, responding to the danger of civil strife in largely Roman Catholic Ireland, drew up the Catholic Relief Act 1829.

Historians have long pointed out that, in 1829 – 31, it was the Ultra-Tories or " Country Party " which pressed most strongly for Reform, regarding it as a means of weakening Wellington's ministry, which had disappointed them by granting Catholic emancipation and by its economic policies.

To the south of this region is where the neo-Gothic City Hall ( 1889 ) is to be found, as well as the Victoria Law Courts ( 1887 ), the Parliament Building ( 1829 – 1834 ), the large Stabroek Market ( 1792 ) containing the prominent cast-iron clock tower that dominates the city sky line, the Roman Catholic Brickdam Cathedral, City Engineer House, the Magistrate's Court, St. Andrew's Kirk ( 1818 ) and Independence Arch.

It was not until 1829 that the British government reluctantly conceded Catholic emancipation.

Taken along with the highly significant Catholic Relief Act 1829 which O ' Connell had also vigorously campaigned for, and which saw amongst other things repeal of the remaining Penal Laws, many of the substantial restrictions on Catholics in the United Kingdom were now lifted.

Other claims regarding the crack in the bell include stories that it was damaged while welcoming Lafayette on his return to the United States in 1824, that it cracked announcing the passing of the British Catholic Relief Act 1829, and that some boys had been invited to ring the bell, and inadvertently damaged it.

Manuscripts 33118 ); Carlisle Correspondence ; Beresford Correspondence ; Stanhope Miscellanies ; for the Catholic question, W Anshurst, History of Catholic Emancipation ( 2 vols., London, 1886 ); Sir Thomas Wyse, Historical Sketch of the late Catholic Association of Ireland ( London, 1829 ); W. J. MacNeven, Pieces of Irish History ( New York, 1807 ) containing an account of the United Irishmen ; for the volunteer movement Thomas MacNevin, History of the Volunteers of 1782 ( Dublin, 1845 ); Proceedings of the Volunteer Delegates of Ireland 1784 ( Anon.

With the influx of missionary priests trained in the English Colleges in Douai and Rome from the 1570s onwards relations between the authorities and the Catholic community took a further turn for the worse.

With the influx of new residents came a number of new churches, founded for Catholic, Episcopalian, Lutheran, and Methodist parishioners, as well as a second Congregational church.

Next were the Catholic Germans, then a large influx of French Canadians during the 1870s and 1880s.

The influx of immigrants from the British Isles led to the construction of several new buildings, including St. Vincent's church for the Roman Catholic congregation, St. Peter's for the Anglicans, the Presbyterian church for a largely Scottish congregation and several new churches for a variety of Welsh congregations.

The influx of the largely Roman Catholic Polish workers has revitalised Banbury's Catholic churches, to the extent that at least one now offers a Mass said partially in Polish.

With prosperity and economic development came an influx of European immigration, including Protestants and Jews, although Brazil remained mostly Catholic.

Also, several Christian evangelical churches, which have seen an increased influx of believers and as an important part of popular faith and, it is claimed, have more worshippers than does the Roman Catholic Church.

The canton has historically been strongly Protestant, but in recent decades it has received an influx of Roman Catholic arrivals.

Because it never had town walls it became a location for many Catholic merchants from Limerick when Catholics were forbidden to reside in the walled towns by the Penal Laws, and much of its past prosperity is attributable to this influx.

The influx of Roman Catholic immigrant workers from Ireland led to outbreaks of sectarian violence at the Duntreath Arms Inn ( adjacent to Innsbridge ) in 1905, which followed a mistaken visit by an Orange band which disembarked at Croy and marched to Kilsyth.

By the end of the 18th century, particularly with the influx of Irish immigrants to Glasgow during the nascent stages of the Industrial Revolution, there emerged an increasing demand for a Roman Catholic church in the city.

Stewart concluded, " The distinctive Ulster-Scottish culture, isolated from the mainstream of Catholic and Gaelic culture, would appear to have been created not by the specific and artificial plantation of the early seventeenth century, but by the continuous natural influx of Scottish settlers both before and after that episode … .”

* St John Fisher Catholic Church-The large influx of Irish people in the 1950s led to the establishment of the Catholic parish of St. John Fisher on 30 September 1956 with first masses being held by Father Philip Smith at Turves Green School.

It was a mainly Protestant area which developed from the influx of Welsh settlers, whilst the north end of Liverpool such as Everton and Vauxhall was settled by Irish immigrants, and became mainly Catholic.

The 17th century saw an influx of settlers mainly from England, but a significant number were Protestants ( Huguenots ) fleeing persecution in Catholic France.

In the 1890s, the neighborhood received an influx of largely Roman Catholic German-Americans.

With only a few priests and a great influx of Catholic immigrants of French, Irish and German descent, the diocese was in need of assistance.

Within a few generations there was another influx of German immigrants, then still later in the late 19th century Polish and Irish Catholic immigrants.

** In 1905, with the large influx of Roman Catholic immigrants to the area, a new Roman Catholic parish, Holy Name of Jesus, was created.

Outside parliament, figures like Australia's first Catholic cardinal, Patrick Francis Moran denounced anti-Chinese legislation as " unchristian ", but was mocked in the popular press and the small European population of Australia generally supported the legislation and remained fearful of being overwhelmed by an influx of non-British migrants from the vastly different cultures of the highly populated empires to Australia's north.

According to Jenny Franchot, the author of a history of the riots, the presence of a community of Catholic religious in their midst reminded Protestant Bostonians of the increasing influx of Irish Catholics, who were taking over the labor market.