See Weichert, “ De M. Furio Bibaculo ,” in his Poetarum Latinorum Reliquiae ( 1830 ); fragments in L. Müller ’ s edition of Catullus in the Teubner Series ( 1870 ).

Among Cicero ’ s orations, the Pro Caelio is particularly celebrated for its connections to the poetry of Catullus.

Popular critical consensus has long identified Clodia Metelli, who features so prominently in the speech, as Catullus ’ famed lover Lesbia.

The 2nd century writer Apuleius claimed that Catullus gave his lover Clodia the pseudonym Lesbia ; Wiseman traces Apuleius ’ s source for this claim to the historian Suetonius, and Suetonius ’ sources to C. Julius Hyginus ’ s De Vita Rebusque Illustrium Virorum.

Hyginus had contact with several men associated with Catullus who very likely knew Lesbia ’ s true identity.

Moreover, scholars agree that the repeated word “ pulcher ,” meaning “ pretty ,” in Catullus ’ poem 79 is a pun on Clodius ’ s cognomen, Pulcher.

However, because all three sisters possessed the name Clodia, difficulties arise in proving that Catullus ’ s lover must have been the Clodia Metelli featured in the Pro Caelio.

On the contrary, Wiseman proves that Caelius Rufus could not have been Catullus ’ Caelius because the latter was Veronese while the former was certainly not.

One major potential connection between Lesbia and Clodia Metelli is the similarity between implications of incest apparent in Catullus 79 and the Cicero ’ s charges of incest in the Pro Caelio.

However, this association is weakened somewhat by James L. Butrica ’ s argument in “ Clodius the Pulcher In Catullus and Cicero .” He emphasizes the prominence of the word pulcher in Catullus ’ s poem and acknowledges that it identifies the character Lesbius with Clodius Pulcher and Lesbia with Clodia Metelli.

Rather, Catullus ’ s reference to the reluctance of Clodius ’ s associates to exchange with him a common social kiss implies connotations of fellatio.

Thus, Butrica argues that the twist in Catullus 79 is the pun on Clodius ’ s cognomen with a synonym for exoletus, and he connects this characterization with fragments of lost Cicero speeches that attribute similar qualities to Clodius Pulcher.

– Catullus is not the only poet who translated Sappho ’ s poem to use for himself: Pierre de Ronsard is also known to have translated a version of it.

Clodia maintained several other lovers, including Marcus Caelius Rufus, Catullus ' friend.

Moreover, scholars have widely assumed that the characters Caelius and Rufus who feature in several poems of Catullus should be identified with the defendant of the Pro Caelio, Caelius Rufus.

He may be the Rufus named in the poems of Catullus.

Caelius may appear in the poetry of Catullus under his cognomen Rufus.

Catullus writes about a former friend named Rufus who betrayed him in an unspecified way, perhaps referring to the affair with Clodia ( usually identified with the loved then reviled " Lesbia " of Catullus's poetry ), the alleged attempt of Caelius to poison her, or subsequent attacks on her through Cicero.

Catullus lambastes this Rufus in a epigram that ends:

Catullus addresses a Rufus in Carmen 69, and a Caelius in 58.

Silphium as Laserpicium makes an appearance in a poem ( Catullus 7 ) of Catullus to his lover Lesbia ( though others have suggested that the reference here is instead to silphium's use as a treatment for mental illness, tying it to the ' madness ' of love ).

Catullus 1 is traditionally arranged first among the poems of the Roman poet Catullus, though it was not necessarily the first poem that he wrote.

It was probably in Rome that Catullus fell deeply in love with the " Lesbia " of his poems, who is usually identified with Clodia Metelli, a sophisticated woman from the aristocratic house of patrician family Claudii Pulchri and sister of the infamous Publius Clodius Pulcher.

Though upon his elder brother's death Catullus lamented that their “ whole house was buried along ” with the deceased, the existence ( and prominence ) of Valerii Catulli is attested in the following centuries.

Indeed, Catullus was never considered one of the canonical school authors, although his body of work is on the reading lists for American Ph. D. programs in the classics, and is still taught at secondary school level in the United Kingdom.

There is no scholarly consensus on whether Catullus himself arranged the order of the poems.

But it is not the traditional notions Catullus rejects, but rather their particular application to the vita activa of politics and war.

Catullus was also an admirer of Sappho, a female poet of the 7th century BC, and is the source for much of what we know or infer about her.

Catulli Carmina is a cantata by Carl Orff to the texts of Catullus.

* Catullus is discussed in John Fowles's novel The French Lieutenant's Woman ( 1969 ) as being one of the foremost poets of love, sexuality and desire.

is: Catullus

The most famous example of classical epyllion is perhaps Catullus 64.

Catullus, the first of these, is an invaluable link between the Alexandrine school and the subsequent elegies of Tibullus and Propertius a generation later.

Authors whose epigrams survive include Catullus, who wrote both invectives and love epigrams – his poem 85 is one of the latter.

The classical hendecasyllable is a quantitative meter used in Ancient Greece in Aeolic verse and in scolia, and later by the Roman poet Catullus.

* lines 12. 93-130 – Catullus has heirs, so the narrator is acting as a friend not a legacy-hunter ( captator ).

This notion, however, is much more generally expressed in Latin by placere or delectāre, which are used more colloquially, the latter used frequently in the love poetry of Catullus.

Como was the birthplace of many historically notable figures, including the ( somewhat obscure ) poet Caecilius who is mentioned by Catullus in the 1st century BCE, the far more substantial literary figures of Pliny the Elder and the Younger, Pope Innocent XI, the scientist Alessandro Volta, and Cosima Liszt, second wife of Richard Wagner and long-term director of the Bayreuth Festival.

For example, the opening line of Catullus 3 is: Lugete, O Veneres Cupidinesque, but would be read as Lugeto Veneres Cupidinesque.

Callimachus celebrated the transformation in a poem, of which only a few lines remain, but there is a fine translation of it by Catullus.

The Roman Catullus writes that Conon " discerned all the lights of the vast universe, and disclosed the risings and settings of the stars, how the fiery brightness of the sun is darkened, and how the stars retreat at fixed times.

*"< u > quam </ u > Catullus < u > unam </ u >/ plus quam se atque < u > suos </ u > amauit < u > omnes </ u >" ( Catullus 58a, " whom alone Catullus loved more than himself and all his own ": " alone " is separated from " whom ," and " all " is placed away from " his own " and after the verb, possibly to emphasize it )