The widespread purge that has taken place the past twelve months or so among Communist leaders in the provinces gives assurance that the party officials who will dominate the Congress, and the Central Committee it will elect, will all have passed the tightest possible Khrushchev screening, both for loyalty to him and for competence and performance on the job.

The party had roughly 10-15 % support across Italy, having its stongholds in Central and Southern Italy ( Lazio 18. 6 %, Umbria 15. 2 %, Marche 14. 3 %, Abruzzo 14. 3 %, Puglia 13. 2 %, Sardinia 12. 9 %, Tuscany 12. 6 % and Campania 12. 6 % in the last general election ), scoring badly in Lombardy ( 10. 2 %) and Sicily ( 10. 9 %), while competing in the North-East ( Friuli-Venezia Giulia 15. 5 % and Veneto 11. 3 %).

They requested that the Central Committee of the party was granted the right to directly enter their representatives into the VCheKa.

The current party leader is Hu Jintao, who holds the title of General Secretary of the Central Committee.

* The Central Discipline Inspection Commission, which is directly under the National Congress and on the same level with the Central Committee, charged with rooting out corruption and malfeasance among party cadres.

In practice, positions within the Central Committee and Politburo are determined before a Party Congress, and the main purpose of the Congress is to announce the party policies and vision for the direction of China in the following few years.

However, attempts made in closed-door sessions at the Fourth Plenary Session of the 17th Communist Party of China's Central Committee in September 2009 to grapple with these problems produced inconclusive results, although a directive which requires disclosure of investments and property holdings by party and governmental officials was passed.

In those states where it constituted the state power, the Central Committee made decisions for the party between congresses, and usually was responsible for electing the Politburo.

In non-ruling Communist parties, the Central Committee is usually understood by the party membership to be the ultimate decision-making authority between Congresses once the process of democratic centralism has led to an agreed-upon position.

During Vladimir Lenin's leadership of the Communist Party, the Central Committee functioned as the highest party authority between congresses.

From then on, until the ascension of Mikhail Gorbachev, the Central Committee played a minor role in the running of the party and state – the Politburo was the highest political organ in the Soviet Union.

This central organ was to become the Central Committee, and it had the rights to decide all party issues, with the exception of local ones.

The Central Committee would contain three-members, and would supervise the Iskra, the party newspaper, editorial board.

Throughout its history, the party and the Central Committee were riven by factional infighting and repression by government authorities.

The Central Committee, according to Lenin, was to be the supreme authority of the party.

Leon Trotsky criticised this view, stating " our rules represent ' organisational nonconfidence ' of the party toward its parts, that is, supervision over all local, district, national and other organisations ... the organisation of the party takes place of the party itself ; the Central Committee takes the place of the organisation ; and finally the dictator takes the place of the Central Committee.

At the 9th Party Congress the Democratic Centralists, an opposition faction within the party, accused Lenin and his associates, of creating a Central Committee in which a " small handful of party oligarchs ... was banning those who hold deviant views.

Several Central Committee members, who were members of the Workers Opposition, offered their resignation to Lenin but their resignations were not accepted, and they were instead asked to submit to party discipline.

By mid-1997 the government signed peace deals with FARF and the MDD leadership and succeeded in cutting off the groups from their rear bases in the Central African Republic and Cameroon.

While they were not admitted, there were soon enough Central Committee members in Moscow to call an emergency Party Congress, which effectively forced the leadership to allow a Central Committee plenum.

Some called for a maximum of two term-periods in each party body, including the Central Committee, others supported Nikita Khrushchev's policy of compulsory turnover rules, which had been ended by the Brezhnev leadership.

The decline in the Central Committee's standing began in the 1920s, and it was reduced to a compliant body of the Party leadership during the Great Purge.

The Soviet leadership decided beforehand who would be elected, or rather appointed, to the Central Committee.

But Andropov's ability to reshape the top leadership was constrained by his poor health and the influence of his rival ( and longtime ally of Leonid Brezhnev ) Konstantin Chernenko, who had previously supervised personnel matters in the Central Committee.

The city was the birthplace of the Solidarity movement which, under the leadership of political activist Lech Wałęsa, played a major role in bringing an end to Communist rule across Central Europe.

Under their leadership, the Turkic Khaganate rapidly expanded to rule huge territories in Central Asia.

The Aga Khans, a unique dynasty of temporal / religious leadership, leading an offshoot of Shia Islam in Central and South Asia, once ranking among British India's princely states, continue to the present day.

In October 1941, the small Albanian communist groups established in Tirana an Albanian Communist Party of 130 members under the leadership of Hoxha and an eleven-man Central Committee.

Known in medieval Chinese sources as Tujue ( 突厥 tú jué ), the Göktürks under the leadership of Bumin / Tuman Khan / Khaghan ( d. 552 ) and his sons established the first known Turkic state around 552 in the general area of territory that had earlier been occupied by the Xiongnu, and expanded rapidly to rule wide territories in Central Asia.

Kirghizia was the only one the five states of Soviet Central Asia that voted their established Communist leadership out of power in 1990.

The Central Committee of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party provided leadership to the spontaneous movements.

The Party and the State jointly established the Central Military Commission that carries out the task of supreme military leadership over the armed forces.

In 2371, under the leadership of Tain who believed that the Central Command was being too complacent about the threat of the Dominion, the Obsidian Order and their Romulan equivalent, the Tal Shiar, allied in an attempt to destroy the Dominion.

They suggest there was a leadership void at U. S. Central Command because his two deputies, Michael Delong and John Abizaid, were at odds with each other until Abizaid succeeded Franks in the middle of the summer of 2003.

While V. I. Lenin was in favor of signing the German peace proposal immediately, a majority of the Bolshevik Central Committee under the leadership of Nikolai Bukharin and Karl Radek believed that Germany, Austro-Hungary Turkey and Bulgaria were all on the verge of a revolution within their borders.

Meanwhile in 632 the Bulgars, originally from Central Asia, formed an independent state that became known as Great Bulgaria under the leadership of Kubrat.

In 1212, a coalition of Christian kings under the leadership of Alfonso VIII of Castile drove the Muslims from Central Iberia.

Mao also inducted several of his supporters to the Central Military Commission, and placed his loyalists in leadership roles of the Beijing Military Region.

The Central Committee, under the leadership of Jiang Qing, labelled the event ' counter-revolutionary ', and cleared the square of memorial items shortly after midnight on April 6.

" At a time when my soul is filled with nothing but love for the party and its leadership, when, having lived through hesitations and doubts, I can boldly say that I learned to highly trust the Central Committee's every step and every decision you, Comrade Stalin, make ," Kamenev wrote.

Most Western accounts consider that the actual leadership of the Cultural Revolution consisted of a wider group, referring predominantly to the members of the Central Cultural Revolution Group.