Kolmogorov complexity is also known as " descriptive complexity " ( not to be confused with descriptive complexity theory ), Kolmogorov – Chaitin complexity, algorithmic entropy, or program-size complexity.

This paradigm was championed by A. N. Kolmogorov along with contributions Levin and Gregory Chaitin.

Working independently, Gregory Chaitin followed this with algorithmic information theory.

In the computer science subfield of algorithmic information theory, a Chaitin constant ( Chaitin omega number ) or halting probability is a real number that informally represents the probability that a randomly constructed program will halt.

Following Martin-Löf's work, algorithmic information theory defines a random string as one that cannot be produced from any computer program that is shorter than the string ( Chaitin – Kolmogorov randomness ); i. e. a string whose Kolmogorov complexity is at least the length of the string.

Using programs or proofs of bounded lengths, it is possible to construct an analogue of the Berry expression in a formal mathematical language, as has been done by Gregory Chaitin.

Gregory Chaitin, a noted computer scientist, propounds a view that comprehension is a kind of data compression.

Chaitin argues that comprehension is this ability to compress data.

Digital philosophy is a direction in philosophy and cosmology advocated by certain mathematicians and theoretical physicists, e. g., Gregory Chaitin, Edward Fredkin, Stephen Wolfram, and Konrad Zuse ( see his Calculating Space ).

It is named after its designer, Gregory Chaitin.

" Byron arranged for John Murray to publish the poem with Christabel and " The Pains of Sleep " along with prefaces to the works.

The first edition ( 1938 ) was edited by Prosper Montagné, with prefaces by Georges Auguste Escoffier and Philéas Gilbert.

* To the single Canon of the previous edition ( which, with minor alterations, was preserved as the " First Eucharistic Prayer or Roman Canon ") he added three alternative Eucharistic Prayers, increasing also the number of prefaces.

In 2006, a 30th anniversary edition was published which reinstated the Trivers foreword and contained a new introduction by the author ( alongside the previous two prefaces ), with some selected extracts from reviews at the back.

In his profile for Lang featured in the same book, which prefaces the interview, Bogdanovich suggested that Lang's distaste for his own film also stemmed from the Nazi Party's fascination with the film.

The priest continues with one of many Eucharistic Prayer thanksgiving prefaces, which lead to the reciting of the Sanctus acclamation.

* To the single Canon of the previous edition ( which, with minor alterations, was preserved as the " First Eucharistic Prayer or Roman Canon ") were added three alternative Eucharistic Prayers, and the number of prefaces was increased.

* In the Season 13 episode of the series Law & Order entitled " Chosen ," defense lawyer Randy Dworkin ( played by Peter Jacobson ) prefaces a speech against affirmative action with the phrase, " Janeane Garofalo herself can storm into my office and tear down the framed photos of Goodman, Chaney and Schwerner, that I keep on the wall over my desk ..."

Eumolpus ' poem on the Civil War and the remarks with which he prefaces it ( 118-124 ) are generally understood as a response to the Pharsalia of the Neronian poet Lucan.

He prefaces his notes with the following instructions:

The text comprises two prefaces, one in Latin and one in Old English, and 39 lives beginning on December 25 with the nativity of Christ and ending with three texts to which no saints ' days are attached.

Even with the aid of the latter, only seven of the prefaces are available.

* In the Season 13 episode of the series Law & Order entitled " Chosen ", defense lawyer Randy Dworkin ( played by Peter Jacobson ) prefaces a speech against affirmative action with the phrase, " Janeane Garofalo herself can storm into my office and tear down the framed photos of Goodman, Chaney and Schwerner, that I keep on the wall over my desk ..."

Besides editions of the works of William Shakespeare, James Beattie, Henry Fielding, Samuel Johnson, Joseph Warton, Alexander Pope, Edward Gibbon, and Henry St John, Viscount Bolingbroke, he published A General Biographical Dictionary in 32 volumes ( 1812 – 1817 ); a Glossary to Shakspeare ( 1807 ); an edition of George Steevens's Shakespeare ( 1809 ); and the British Essayists, beginning with the Tatler and ending with the Observer, with biographical and historical prefaces and a general index.

Princeton University Press published new editions of Infinity and the Mind in 1995 and in 2005, both with new prefaces ; the first edition is cited with fair frequency in academic literature.

The first says the play was " acted by the King's Majesty's servants at the Globe ;" the second version omits the mention of the Globe Theatre, and prefaces the play with a long Epistle that claims that Troilus and Cressida is " a new play, never stal'd with the stage ..."

Keynes wrote four prefaces, to the English, German, Japanese and French editions, each with a slightly different emphasis.

No one was more in request with the Paris publishers for prefaces, letterpress to illustrated books and suchlike.

The prefaces to Gondibert show the struggle for a formal epic structure, as well as how the early Restoration saw themselves in relation to Classical literature.

This senryū, which can also be translated " Catching him / you see the robber / is your son ," is not so much a personal experience of the author as an example of a type of situation ( provided by a short comment called a maeku or fore-verse, which usually prefaces a number of examples ) and / or a brief or witty rendition of an incident from history or the arts ( plays, songs, tales, poetry, etc .).

Tonson would pay nothing for notes ; Dryden retorted, " The notes and prefaces shall be short, because you shall get the more by saving paper.

Louis's desire to be loved by his people is evident in the prefaces of many of his edicts that would often explain the nature and good intention of his actions as benefiting the people.

Although some terms in academia do go out of style, such as " Dark Ages ", the term Barbarian is in full common currency among all mainstream medieval scholars and is not out of style or outdated, though a disclaimer is often felt to be needed, as when Ralph W. Mathisen prefaces a discussion of barbarian bishops in Late Antiquity, " It should also be noted that the word " barbarian " will be used here as a convenient, nonpejorative term to refer to all the non-Latin and non-Greek speaking exterae gentes who dwelt around, and even eventually settled within, the Roman Empire during late antiquity ".

Bandello writes that the dedicatory prefaces to the nobility or to worthy persons are useful to him as a shield in case someone becomes offended by one of the stories and is tempted to attack him ( part 2, story 32 ).

* The long quotation from Dante's Inferno that prefaces T. S. Eliot's The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock is part of a speech by one of the damned in Dante's Hell.

This is an English translation of the two hundred proper prefaces at present used with the Eucharistic prayers of the Ambrosian Rite.

Tsurayuki wrote one of two prefaces to Kokin Wakashū ; the other is in Chinese.

However, the manuscript is younger and the script reveals that three scribes were involved: one for the prefaces, another for the synoptic gospels ( Matthew, Mark and Luke ) and a third for St John's Gospel.

The possibility of obtaining not only the next turn, but a series of turns ( required for example in telling a joke or story ) is documented in analyses of announcements and story prefaces.

The name Hali originated in Ambrose Bierce's " An Inhabitant of Carcosa " ( 1891 ) in which Hali is the author of a quote which prefaces the story.

The single prefaces, of which there is a large number, contain explanations of their text which refer entirely or in its last part to the verse or passage of Genesis to be expounded in that section.

There is accessible seating in all performance venues, nearby accessible parking, and all of the above accommodations can be provided for such ancillary events as backstage tours, prefaces, prologues, and park talks.

" The prefaces and notes to both these expressed the view that Holy Scripture is the only rule of doctrine, and that justification is by faith alone.

The poem is also a clear demonstration of the principles Wordsworth laid out in his prefaces ; it is a poem illustrating common emotions in a rural setting, using plain language and eschewing the formality of most eighteenth-century verse.

D ' Achery collected the historical materials for the " Acta Ordinis S. Benedicti " but Mabillon added so much to it in the way of prefaces, notes, and " excursus " that it is justly accounted as his work.

He finds that all is not as he left it, and his good insect friends ( who live in the " lowlands " just outside the garden which belongs to a songwriter and his wife ) are now under threat from the ' human ones ', who are trampling through the broken down fence which prefaces the property, using it as a shortcut.

The work is introduced by three prefaces: the first shows the relation of the Gospel to the Jewish Law, to philosophy, and to the symbols of the Evangelists ; the second describes the Evangelists and their view of the mission of Christ ; the third enumerates the authorities which he uses.