However the ancient Kingdom of Champa in southern Vietnam became a major counterpart to Chinese invasions to its north.

In 1471, Le troops led by king Lê Thánh Tông invaded Champa in the 1471 Vietnamese invasion of Champa and captured its capital Vijaya.

Lin Yi, the predecessor state of historical Champa, began its existence in 192 AD as a breakaway Chinese colony.

* Proceedings of the Seminar on Champa, " Research on Champa and its Evolution "

The kingdom remained independent from the Chinese who controlled Vietnam's north and in its refusal to submit, Champa frequently waged wars against China as well as other neighboring kingdoms, Đại Việt and Khmer Empire.

In the meantime, the Khmers founded an outpost at Xay Fong near Vientiane, and Champa expanded again in southern Laos, maintaining its presence on the banks of the Mekong until 1070.

In the meantime, the Khmers founded an outpost at Xayfong near Vientiane, and Champa expanded again in southern Laos, maintaining its presence on the banks of the Mekong until 1070.

Vietnam ( then known as Đại Việt ) nearly doubled its territory in 1470 under the great king Lê Thánh Tông, at the expense of the Champa.

It is based on earlier Vietnamese imperial court music, its primary influences coming from Ming Dynasty's imperial court and later the music of Champa.

Luxury forest products exported by Champa through its seaports were sourced from places as far as Attapeu.

He acquired Anga after defeating Brahmadatta and placed it under the viceroyalty of his son Ajatashatru, with its capital at Champa.

It led to the rise of an ancient Cham city state that was once Champa ’ s most influential city and also included one of its most important commercial ports at Hội An.

He also ordered several military expeditions that brought Sui to its greatest territorial extent, one of which, the conquest of Champa in what is now central and southern Vietnam, caused death of thousands of Sui soldiers through malaria.

Quy Nhơn was officially founded more than 100 years ago, although its origins stretch back much further to the 11th-century Champa culture, the Tây Sơn Dynasty and the 18th century seaport of Thị Nại.

Champa was located on the right bank of river Ganges near its junction with river Champa.

Champa was noted for its wealth and commerce.

Liang further advanced to Champa and pillaged it of its treasure.

It was also during this period that the Trần kings waged many wars against the southern kingdom of Champa, continuing the Viets ' long history of southern expansion ( known as Nam Tiến ) that had begun shortly after gaining independence in the 10th century.

According to such scholars, if the 10th century record is richest for Indrapura, it is so because at that time Indrapura was the capital of Champa.

Beginning in the 10th century, Hinduism again became the predominant religion of Champa.

Following independence from China in the 10th century, Vietnam began a southward expansion that saw the annexation of territories formerly belonging to the Champa civilization ( now Central Vietnam ) and parts of the Khmer empire ( today southern Vietnam ), which resulted in minor regional variances in Vietnam's culture due to exposure to these different groups.

By the 10th century, Butuan had established trading relations with the Kingdom of Champa, in what is now southern Vietnam, and Srivijaya empire of Sumatra.

Between the seventh and 10th centuries, the Cham ( people of Champa ) controlled the strategic spice trade and with this came tremendous wealth.

This event effectively ended Champa as a powerful kingdom, although some smaller surviving Cham states lasted for a few centuries more.

Cham are remnants of the Kingdom of Champa ( 7th to 18th centuries ).

Between the 7th and the 15th centuries, Champa at times included the modern Vietnamese provinces of Quảng Nam, Quảng Ngãi, Bình Định, Phú Yên, Khánh Hòa, Ninh Thuận, and Bình Thuận.

Butuan, Champa, Dvaravati, Funan, Gangga Negara, Kadaram, Kalingga, Kutai, Langkasuka, Pagan, Pan Pan, Po-ni, Tarumanagara and Tondo were among the earliest Hindu kingdoms in Southeast Asia, established around the 1st to 4th centuries CE.

Map of South-east Asia circa 900 CE, showing the Khmer Empire in red, Champa in yellow and Haripunjaya in light Green plus additional surrounding states.

* Baroque or Bayon Style ( 1181 – 1243 ): In the final quarter of the 12th century, King Jayavarman VII freed the country of Angkor from occupation by an invasionary force from Champa.

Angkor's neighbor state of Champa was also the home to numerous brick temples that are similar in style to those of Angkor.

* Ngô Vǎn Doanh, Champa: Ancient Towers.

Wheelmounted and elephantmounted double-bow-arcuballistas of the Champa kingdom.

* Champa, Kermit S. The Rise of Landscape Painting in France: Corot to Monet.

Southeast Asia c. 1400 CE, showing Lan Xang kingdom in teal, Khmer Empire in red, Ayutthaya Kingdom | Ayutthaya Kingdom in violet, Sukhothai kingdom in orange, Champa in yellow, Kingdom of Lanna in purple, Dai Viet in blue.

Southeast Asia c. 1300 CE, showing Khmer Empire in red, Lavo kingdom in light blue, Sukhothai Kingdom | Sukhothai empire in orange, Champa in yellow, Dai Viet in blue and Kingdom of Lanna in purple.

Southeast Asia c. 1400 CE, showing Khmer Empire in red, Ayutthaya Kingdom | Ayutthaya Kingdom in violet, Lan Xang kingdom in teal, Sukhothai Kingdom in orange, Champa in yellow, Kingdom of Lanna in purple, Dai Viet in blue.

* 1471: The kingdom of Champa suffers a massive defeat by the Vietnamese king Lê Thánh Tông.

* In southeast Asia, there is conflict between the Khmer Empire and the Champa.

* 1076: the Song Chinese allied with southern Vietnamese Champa and Cambodian Chenla to conquer the Lý Dynasty, which was an unsuccessful campaign.

* March 1 – Emperor Le Thanh Tong captures the Champa Capital, establishing new regions in middle Vietnam.

* Champa invades Vietnam.

* In Champa, in the central region of what is now Vietnam, King Indravarman II founds a new dynasty at Indrapura ( Quang Nam ) and initiates a building program featuring the Dong Duong Style of Cham art.

From north to south ; Pagan Kingdom | Bagan, Ayutthaya kingdom | Ayutthaya, Champa, Khmer empire | Khmer, Srivijaya and Majapahit.

* Khmer King Jayavarman VII sacks the capital of Champa.

Dharanindravarman's son Jayavarman acquiesces to his cousin's succession and goes into exile in neighboring Champa.

* Champa again invades Vietnam.

Some of the kingdoms paying tribute to the Tang Dynasty included Kashmir, Nepal, Khotan, Kucha, Kashgar, Japan, Korea, Champa, and kingdoms located in Amu Darya and Syr Darya valley.