Toward the late 1970s, Hong Kong cinema began to shift away from the Mandarin-language, epic martial arts films popularised by directors such as Chang Cheh.

The Shaw Brothers studio is noted for directors King Hu, Lau Kar-leung and Chang Cheh.

King Hu was an early director who is best remembered for his film Come Drink with Me, a martial arts film which differed from those of Chang Cheh in that it featured a capable female protagonist and revolved around romance in the martial arts world, rather than fast paced action and the tales of brotherhood which Chang Cheh would later popularize.

In the first half of the 1970s two other stars were particularly well known and favoured by Chang Cheh in his movies: Ti Lung and David Chiang.

* The Assassin ( 1967 film ), directed by Chang Cheh

* Vengeance ( 1970 film ), a kung fu film directed by Chang Cheh

Chang Cheh () ( February 10, 1923 – June 22, 2002 ) was Shaw Brothers Studio's best known and most prolific film director, with such films as the Five Venoms, the Brave Archer ( based on the works of Jin Yong ), the The One-Armed Swordsman, and other classics of wuxia and kung fu film.

Referred to as " The Godfather of Hong Kong cinema ", Chang Cheh directed over 100 films in his illustrious career at Shaw Brothers, which ran the gamut from swordplay films ( One-Armed Swordsman, The Assassin, Golden Swallow ) to kung fu films ( Five Shaolin Masters, Five Venoms, Kid with the Golden Arm ) to more modern period dramas ( Chinatown Kid, Boxer From Shantung, The Generation Gap ) to lavish costume epics ( The Water Margin, The Heroic Ones, Boxer Rebellion ).

* Chang Cheh: the Godfather of the Kung Fu Film

* Chang Cheh and other Shaw Bros. reviews at cityonfire. com

Chang Cheh

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The young God Ho started his career as the assistant director for Chang Cheh at the Shaw Brothers Studio for a few years and worked alongside John Woo.

Directed by Chang Cheh, it was the first of the new style of wuxia films emphasizing male anti-heroes, violent swordplay and heavy bloodletting.

Category: Films directed by Chang Cheh

The signature directors of the period were Chang Cheh with One-Armed Swordsman ( 1967 ) and Golden Swallow ( 1968 ) and King Hu with Come Drink with Me ( 1966 ).

But remaining at the vanguard, at least initially, were Shaw Brothers and director Chang Cheh.

Woo's saga of cops and the triads ( Chinese gangsters ) combined fancifully choreographed ( and extremely violent ) gunplay with heightened emotional melodrama, sometimes resembling a modern-dress version of 1970s kung fu films by Woo's mentor Chang Cheh.

As a token of appreciation he added a fictional " Chang Chong-Chen " to The Blue Lotus, a young Chinese boy who meets and befriends Tintin.

General Zhang Fakui ( Chang Fa-kuei ), who based himself in Guangxi, established the Viet Nam Cach Menh Dong Minh Hoi meaning " Viet Nam Revolutionary League " in 1942, which was assisted by the VNQDD to serve the KMT's aims.

Under pressure from the left, the Chang government carried out a series of purges of military and police officials who had been involved in anti-democratic activities or corruption.

Well known members of the Commission included Eleanor Roosevelt of the United States, who was the Chairperson, Jacques Maritain, René Cassin and Stéphane Hessel of France, Charles Malik of Lebanon, and P. C. Chang of the Republic of China, among others.

Paul Hsao records Chang Chung-Yuan saying that " Heidegger is the only Western Philosopher who not only intellectually understands but has intuitively grasped Taoist thought.

After this military victory, Emperor Taizong won the title of Great Khan amongst the various Turks in the region who pledged their allegiance to him and the Chinese empire ( with several thousand Turks traveling into China to live at Chang ' an ).

After Dong Zhuo demoted Emperor Shao and promoted his brother Liu Xie as Emperor Xian, Yuan Shao led a coalition of former officials and officers against Dong, who burned Luoyang to the ground and resettled the court at Chang ' an in May 191 CE.

Given Switzerland's particularly strong opinions on who is " Swiss " and who is " other ", it is easy to see that groups such as Stoffunita make use of the fact that hip hop " is still considered a voice for the oppressed " as hip hop scholar and author Jeff Chang notes.

The train is taken over by rebels loyal to a powerful warlord, who turns out to be Chang.

Chang questions the passengers, looking for someone important enough to exchange for his valued aide, the man who was taken earlier.

Jung Chang and Jon Halliday claim that Chiang Kai-shek allowed the Communists to escape on the Long March, allegedly because he wanted his son Chiang Ching-kuo who was being held hostage by Joseph Stalin back.

The four are taken there by a party directed by Chang, a postulant at the lamasery who speaks English.

* Chang and Eng Bunker ( 1811 – 1874 ), Siamese twins, who were a popular attraction in Asia, Europe, and North America in the nineteenth century, settled in Wilkes County in the 1850s, married two local sisters, and between them fathered 21 children.

When Lee, who was running against Chang Myon ( the ambassador to the United States during the Korean War ) won the vote with a wide margin, the opposition claimed the election was rigged.

Juliet visits Father Lawrence, who reunites her with Tromeo and enlists the help of Fu Chang, the apothecary, who sells Juliet a special potion which will aide her predicament.

This view is supported by authors Clive James and Jung Chang, who posit that the campaign was, from the start, a ruse intended to expose rightists and counter-revolutionaries, and that Mao Zedong persecuted those whose views were different from the party's.

She then summoned Liu Ruyi to the capital Chang ' an in an attempt that was initially resisted by Liu Ruyi's chief of staff Zhou Chang ( 周昌 ), whom she respected because he was one of the officials who insisted on Liu Ying being the rightful heir.

Meyer considered Valeris and Chang " frightened people, who are frightened of change ", who cling to old ways despite the changing world.

In 716, Qapaghan Qaghan the second khaghan of the khaganate was killed in his campaign against Toquz Oghuz and his severed head was sent to Chang ' an.

An American-Chinese-Hong Kong-Taiwanese co-production, the film was directed by Ang Lee and featured an international cast of ethnic Chinese actors, including Chow Yun-Fat, Michelle Yeoh, Zhang Ziyi, and Chang Chen.

Chang ' an ( modern Xi ' an ), the national capital, was the largest city in the world of its time.

The normally rich cast of characters was pared to a minimum-Tintin, Captain Haddock, and the sherpa Tharkey-as the story focused on Tintin's dogged search for Chang.

Inoculation was first vividly described by Yu Chang in his book Yuyi cao ( 寓意草 ), or Notes on My Judgment, published in 1643.

A set of 30 Little Nemo postcards was available through Stewart Tabori & Chang in 1996.

It was noted in one particular paragraph in the book Desecration, after hitting the " motherlode " as he called it, that Chang at one point attempted to mumble to his father that he was a " Believer " as he carried him into the room to receive his mark.

Chang was already regarded as the second-most powerful person in North Korea and his appointment strengthens the probability that Kim's third son, Kim Jong-un, will succeed him.

Kurzweil Music Systems was sold to Korean musical instrument manufacturer Young Chang in 1990.

He was educated in the capital cities of Luoyang and Chang ' an, and began his career as a minor civil servant in Nanyang.

The capital was also moved from Chang ' an to Luoyang.

* In the Tang Dynasty Chinese capital city of Chang ' an, an imperial prince was impeached from his position by officials at court for erecting a building that obstructed a street in the northwesternmost ward in South Central Chang ' an.

Chang was nominated for the Academy Award for Unique and Artistic Production at the first Academy Awards in 1929, the only year when that award was presented.

Chang was released by Famous Players-Lasky, a division of Paramount Pictures.

The Tang Dynasty, with its capital at Chang ' an ( present-day Xi ' an ), which at the time was the most populous city in the world, is generally regarded as a high point in Chinese civilization — equal to, or surpassing that of, the earlier Han Dynasty — a golden age of cosmopolitan culture.

The center of the political power of the Tang was the capital city of Chang ' an ( modern Xi ' an ), where the emperor maintained his large palace quarters, and entertained political emissaries with music, sports, acrobatic stunts, poetry, paintings, and dramatic theater performances.

In the previous year of 713, Emperor Xuanzong had liquidated the highly lucrative Inexhaustible Treasury, which was run by a prominent Buddhist monastery in Chang ' an.

There was a long string of conflicts with Tibet over territories in the Tarim Basin between 670 – 692 and in 763 the Tibetans even captured the capital of China, Chang ' an, for fifteen days during the An Shi Rebellion.

Founded by Emperor Wen of Sui, the Sui Dynasty capital was at Chang ' an ( which was renamed Daxing ).