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Chardonnay has a long history in Italy but for a large part of it, the grape was commonly confused with Pinot blanc — often with both varieties inter planted in the same vineyard and blended together.
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Chardonnay and has
Chardonnay has served as parent to several French-American hybrid grapes, as well as crossings with other Vitis vinifera varieties.
Chardonnay has a wide-ranging reputation for relative ease of cultivation and ability to adapt to different conditions.
Further south, in the region of Beaujolais, Chardonnay has started to replace Aligote as the main white wine grape and is even replacing Gamay in some areas around Saint-Véran.
Chardonnay is the only permitted AOC grape variety in the Chablis region with the wines here developing such worldwide recognition that the name " chablis " has taken on semi-generic connotations to mean any dry white wine, even those not made from Chardonnay.
In Canada, Chardonnay has seen some success with rich, oaky styles produced in Ontario and lighter styles produced in Quebec and British Columbia.
While the style of Australian Chardonnay is mostly characterized by the mass produced products of the hot Riverland region, the cooler climates of Victoria and Tasmania has been creating more crisp, less oaked wines with lime notes.
The east coast of the North Island, in places like Hawke's Bay and Wairarapa, have seen the most success with Chardonnay wine that has noticeable acidity and leanness.
In Spain, Chardonnay has been increasingly used in the sparkling wine Cava.
In the wine regions of the former Soviet Union, Chardonnay has lagged behind in white wine grapes plantings in favor Rkatsiteli, Aligote and Riesling.
The Portuguese experimentation with Chardonnay has been mostly influenced by flying winemakers from Australia and the examples produced so far are very New World in style.
In the cool-climate South American wine regions of Argentina's Uco Valley and Chile's Casablanca, Chardonnay has started to develop a presence.
In cooler climates, the extract and acidity of Chardonnay is magnified which has the potential of producing very concentrated wines that can develop through bottle aging.
Due to the wide range of styles, Chardonnay has the potential to be paired with a diverse spectrum of food types.
Chardonnay has become a popular component in the wine-based cocktail Kir ( cocktail ) | Kir.
Although Bollinger's wine is famed for its intense richness and full-bodied nature, this has more to do with the way the grapes are planted and when they are harvested than any intrinsic property of blanc de noirs Champagne, which is often little different from cuvées including a proportion of Chardonnay.
White wine has typically predominated in Canterbury from Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay, Gewürztraminer, and to a lesser extent Pinot Blanc and Pinot Gris.
Curicó has both red and white wine varieties planted but is most widely known for its Chardonnay.
In recent years, DNA profiling conducted at the University of Zagreb has shown Furmint to be likely to have a parent-offspring relationship with the lowly Gouais Blanc, which similar research elsewhere has shown to be a parent of numerous other varieties, including Chardonnay.
* Edbrooke Vineyard-Jeremy Edbrooke has over planted in Merlot, Cabernet Franc, Chardonnay and Pinot Gris grapes which are supplied to Waiheke Island's Passage Rock Wines.
Chardonnay is a variety that has very distinct flavor profiles when fermented in oak that include coconut, cinnamon and cloves notes.
Brettanomyces is most associated with barrel aged red wines, but has also been found in Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc.
This adage has become out dated somewhat due to the variety of wine styles prevalent in modern winemaking where there are now many " heavy " white wines such as " New World " oaky Chardonnay that can have more body than lighter reds such as Pinot noir or Italian Merlots.
Chardonnay and long
In addition to being the most expensive, the Burgundy examples of Chardonnay were long considered the benchmark standard of expressing terroir through Chardonnay.
Chardonnay long had a reputation as one of France's great white wines, but due to the dominance of geographical labeling, the fact that Chardonnay was the grape behind white Burgundy was not widely known by the wine-drinking public.
Despite its long history and association with Chardonnay, the wines of Chablis are often overshadowed by the New World expression of the varietal and even by other Burgundian Chardonnays such as Montrachet, Corton-Charlemagne and Meursault.
Chardonnay and history
For much of its history, a connection was assumed between Chardonnay and Pinot noir or Pinot blanc.
Though many varietal form of Chardonnay are produced, and the numbers are increasing, for most of its history in Italian winemaking Chardonnay was a blending grape.
For most of its history, Soave was produced in a medium-bodied style that was often compared to Chardonnay, except with a distinct bitter almond note.
Chardonnay and Pinot noir clippings were brought to the region from Burgundy during the Middle Ages and were used limitedly among the 40 other grape varieties that were prevalent in Jura for most of its winemaking history.
While for most of its history, the Côte de Nuits had been firmly associated with red grape varieties, the 16th and 17th century saw an increase in plantings of white grape varieties, like Chardonnay and Fromenteau.
Chardonnay and Italy
This confusion between Pinot blanc and Chardonnay was very pervasive throughout northern Italy, where the two vines grew interspersed in the vineyard and were blended in winemaking.
Most Chardonnay plantings are located in the northern wine regions, though plantings can be found throughout Italy as far south as Sicily and Apulia.
Examples of this occurred in south Italy and Spain when ancient Negroamaro, Primitivo, Grenache and Mataro vineyards were ripped up in favor of new Chardonnay plantings.
This blend permits the wine producer to use a much larger potential portion of Chardonnay, and therefore allows for a more structured and full wine than the typical Trebbiano-based DOC whites of Central Italy.
Chardonnay and for
Chardonnay socialist is a derogatory Australasian term used to describe those on the political left with comfortable middle or upper-class incomes, tertiary education, and a penchant for the finer things in life, Chardonnay being a form of white wine for example.
Among wine connoisseurs ( and other groups ), for example, Cabernet Sauvignon is often known as " Cab Sav ," Chardonnay as " Chard " and so on ; this means that naming the different wines expends less superfluous effort ; it also helps to indicate the user's familiarity with wine.
When Chardonnay vines are planted densely, they are forced to compete for resources and funnel energy into their grape clusters.
Due to some ampelographical similarities, Pinot Blanc and Chardonnay were often mistaken for each other and even today share many of the same synonyms.
The name is protected in the European Union and for wine sold in the EU, " Chablis " refers only to the Chardonnay wine produced in this region of the Yonne.
The most expensive examples of Chardonnay from Chablis comes from the seven Grand Cru vineyards that account for around on the southwest side of one slope along the Serein river near the town of Chablis — Blanchots, Bougros, Les Clos, Grenouilles, Preuses, Valmur and Vaudésir.
It is most commonly found in the Aube and Marne départments which, combined with Chablis, accounted for more than half of all plantings of Chardonnay in France during the 20th century.
Rather the element in Chardonnay that Champagne wine-makers look for is the finesse and balance of acidity that it brings to the blend.
Champagne, Chablis and Burgundy account for more than three-fifths of all Chardonnay plantings in France.
In response, the demand for Californian Chardonnay increased and Californian winemakers rushed to increase plantings.
By 2005 there was nearly accounting for almost 25 % of the world's total Chardonnay plantings.
Frenchman Charles Fournier and Russian Konstantin Frank experimented with Chardonnay and other varietals in hopes of producing sparkling wines based on Old World grapes for the Gold Seal wine company.
Being cold tolerant, the Chardonnay grape is well suited for New York.
In fact, in 2009, Le Clos Jordanne winery, of Jordan Village on the Niagara Peninsula, Ontario received critical acclaim for its 2005 Claystone Terrace Chardonnay, which won the top spot for Chardonnay in the " Judgement of Montreal " experts ’ tasting.
The export driven Australian wine industry was well situated for the Chardonnay boom of the 1980s and 1990s and Australia responded with a unique style of wine that was characterized by big fruit flavors and easy approachability.
Despite being more famous for its Sauvignon blanc production, Chardonnay was New Zealand's most widely planted grape variety from 1990 till 2002 when Sauvignon blanc finally surpassed it.
Some producers in the Gisborne region have recently developed a cult following for their Chardonnay among New Zealand wine drinkers.
While many New Zealand winemakers are still developing a characteristic style, the Chardonnay produced so far have emphasized the grape's affinity for oak.
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