* 1830 – Charles X of France abdicates the throne in favor of his grandson Henri.

On his deathbed Charles II had bequeathed the entire Spanish inheritance to Louis XIV's grandson, Philip, Duke of Anjou.

After him all kings and emperors relied on the lands of their own family ( Hausmacht ): Louis IV of Wittelsbach ( king 1314, emperor 1328 – 47 ) relied on his lands in Bavaria ; Charles IV of Luxembourg, the grandson of Henry VII, drew strength from his own lands in Bohemia.

Both the Legitimists ( embodied in the person of Henri, Count of Chambord, grandson of Charles X ) and the Orleanist royalists rejected republicanism, which they saw as an extension of modernity and atheism, breaking with France's traditions.

During his life Henri, comte de Chambord, as the grandson of Charles X, had refused to abandon the fleur-de-lys and the white flag.

Governor Charles Drayton, grandson of South Carolina Governor William Bull.

In The English Ancestry and Homes of the Pilgrim Fathers, Charles Edward Banks suggested that John was the son of George and Jane Alden and grandson of Richard and Avys Alden of Southampton.

* Napoléon Charles Grégoire Jacques Philippe Bonaparte ( 1839 – 1899 ), grandson of Napoleon I's brother Lucien

In 1507 he was appointed tutor to Emperor Maximilian I's ( 1493 – 1519 ) seven year old grandson, Charles, who was later to become Emperor Charles V ( 1519 – 56 ).

) As well as the V & A copy ( said to have come from the collection of Wedgwood's grandson, the naturalist Charles Darwin )

* March – With the death of Ferdinand II of Aragon, his grandson Charles of Ghent becomes King of Spain as Carlos I.

By marrying his son Philip the Handsome to the future Queen Joanna of Castile in 1498, Maximilian established the Habsburg dynasty in Spain and allowed his grandson Charles to hold the throne of both León-Castile and Aragon, thus making him the first de jure King of Spain.

The Fuggers, who dominated the copper and silver mining business in Tyrol, provided a credit of almost 1 million gulden for the purpose of bribing the prince-electors to choose Maximilian's grandson Charles V as the new Emperor.

At first, this policy seemed successful, and Maximilian managed to secure the votes from Mainz, Cologne, Brandenburg and Bohemia for his grandson Charles V. The death of Maximilian in 1519 seemed to put the succession at risk, but in a few months the election of Charles V was secured.

Maximilian died in Wels, Upper Austria, and was succeeded as Emperor by his grandson Charles V, his son Philip the Handsome having died in 1506.

In the 9th century, Charlemagne's grandson, Charles the Bald, named the Count of Urgell as overlord of Andorra.

On 22 July 1474 he drew up a will by which he divided the succession between his grandson René II of Lorraine and his nephew Charles II, count of Maine.

Mary and Maximilian ’ s grandson Charles became king of Spain as Charles I in 1516 and Holy Roman emperor as Charles V in 1519.

The dynastic union of Castile and Aragon in 1469, when Ferdinand II of Aragon wed Isabella I of Castile, would eventually lead to the formal creation of Spain as a single entity in 1516 when their grandson Charles V assumed both thrones.

However King Charles II of Spain, dying without issue, willed the throne to his grand-nephew the Duke of Anjou, younger grandson of his eldest sister Marie-Thérèse, daughter of King Philip IV of Spain who had married Louis XIV of France.

Through Ampère, Ozanam had contact with leaders of the neo-Catholic movement, such as François-René de Chateaubriand, Jean-Baptiste Henri Lacordaire, and Charles Forbes René de Montalembert.

* Clement, Russell T. and Houze, Annick, Neo-Impressionist Painters: A Sourcebook on Georges Seurat, Camille Pissarro, Paul Signac, Theo Van Rysselberghe, Henri Edmond Cross, Charles Angrand, Maximilien Luce, and Albert Dubois-Pillet ( 1999 ), Greenwood Press, ISBN 0-313-30382-7

Anquetin worked closely and exhibited with the artists Vincent van Gogh, Charles Angrand, Emile Bernard, Paul Gauguin, Camille Pissarro, Georges Seurat, Paul Signac and Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec.

* French socialist thought, in particular the thought of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Henri de Saint-Simon, Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, and Charles Fourier ;

In 2007 an anonymous group called The Meritocracy Party published its first manifesto, to which they have now added more than two million words on the subject ( discussing Hegel, Rousseau, Charles Fourier, Henri de Saint-Simon and various other philosophers, scientists, reformers and revolutionaries ).

The differences between tantalum and niobium were unequivocally demonstrated in 1864 by Christian Wilhelm Blomstrand, and Henri Etienne Sainte-Claire Deville, as well as Louis J. Troost, who determined the formulas of some of the compounds in 1865 and finally by the Swiss chemist Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in 1866, who all proved that there were only two elements.

The ozone layer was discovered in 1913 by the French physicists Charles Fabry and Henri Buisson.

From left to right: Top row-Archimedes, Aristotle, Alhazen | Ibn al-Haytham, Leonardo da Vinci, Galileo Galilei, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek ; Second row-Isaac Newton, James Hutton, Antoine Lavoisier, John Dalton, Charles Darwin, Gregor Mendel ; Third row-Louis Pasteur, James Clerk Maxwell, Henri Poincaré, Sigmund Freud, Nikola Tesla, Max Planck ; Fourth row-Ernest Rutherford, Marie Curie, Albert Einstein, Niels Bohr, Erwin Schrödinger, Enrico Fermi ; Bottom row-J. Robert Oppenheimer, Alan Turing, Richard Feynman, E. O. Wilson, Jane Goodall, Stephen Hawking

However, it was the American poet, Charles Henri Ford, and his magazine View which offered Breton a channel for promoting Surrealism in the United States.

Charles IX passed through the city at the time of his royal tour of France between 1564 and 1566, accompanied by the Court and various noblemen: his brother the Duke of Anjou, Henri de Navarre, the cardinals of Bourbon and Lorraine.

* Physiology or Medicine – Charles Jules Henri Nicolle

** Henri de Gaulle, father of Charles de Gaulle ( b. 1848 )

Charles Frédéric Gerhardt ( 1816 – 56 ), Henri Victor Regnault ( 1810 – 78 ) and Stanislao Cannizzaro ( 1826 – 1910 ) expanded on Berzelius ' works, resolving many of the problems of unknown stoichiometry of compounds, and the use of atomic weights attracted a large consensus by the time of the Karlsruhe Congress ( 1860 ).

One of the major innovations made by the Salon Cubists, independently of Picasso and Braque, was that of simultaneity, drawing to greater or lesser extent on theories of Henri Poincaré, Ernst Mach, Charles Henry, and Henri Bergson.

General Henri Giraud was incredulous when he heard of Patton's dismissal by Eisenhower in late 1945, and invited him to Paris to be decorated by President Charles de Gaulle at a state banquet.

The executioner, Charles Henri Sanson, testified that the former King had bravely met his fate.

In the late 1840s the Tussaud brothers Joseph and Francis, gathering relics for Madame Tussauds wax museum, visited the aged Henry-Clément Sanson, grandson of the executioner Charles Henri Sanson, from whom they obtained parts, the knife and lunette, of one the original guillotines used during the Age of Terror.

* Selected modern painters or sculptors: Pierre Alechinsky, Aloïse Corbaz, Braulio Arenas, Arman, Jean Arp, Enrico Baj, Ben, A Benquet, Alexandre Boileau, Bona Pieyre de Mandiargue, Micheline Bounoure, André Bourdil, Francis Bouvet, Victor Brauner, Elisa Breton, Jorge Caceres, Jacques Callot, Jorge Camacho, Paul Colinet, Pierre Courthion, Fleury-Joseph Crépin, Salvador Dalí, André Demonchy, Ferdinand Desnos, Deyema, Óscar Domínguez, Enrico Donati, Mirabelle Dors, Marcel Duchamp, Baudet Dulary, René Duvilliers, Yves Elléouët, Nusch Eluard, Paul Éluard, Colette Enard, Jimmy Ernst, Max Ernst, Henri Espinoza, Fahr el Nissa Zeid, Jean Fautrier, Luis Fernandez, Charles Filiger, Alexandre Evariste, Johann Henrich Füssli, Paul Gauguin, Alberto Gironella, Arshile Gorky, Max Walter Svanberg, Eugenio Granell, Henri de Groux, Jacques Hérold, René Iché, Wifredo Lam, René Magritte, Joan Miró, Pablo Picasso, Man Ray, Diego Rivera, Yves Tanguy, Adolf Wölfli, etc.

1853 photo by Charles Nègre of Henri Le Secq next to Strix ( mythology ) | le Stryge in the then-new Gallery of Chimera ( architecture ) | Chimeras.

* 1717 – Charles Gravier, comte de Vergennes, French statesman and diplomat ( d. 1787 )

On 25 June 1673, while preparing to storm the city, captain-lieutenant Charles de Batz de Castelmore, also known as the comte d ' Artagnan, was killed by a musket shot outside Tongerse Poort.

* Aldo Cecconi as Charles, comte d ' Artois

* Rostislav Yankovsky as Major-General Charles Joseph, comte de Flahaut

** Charles Gravier, comte de Vergennes, French statesman and diplomat ( b. 1717 )

* December 20 – Charles Gravier, comte de Vergennes, French statesman and diplomat ( d. 1785 )

Before reaching Versailles, she also met her future brothers-in-law, Louis Stanislas Xavier, comte de Provence ; and Charles Philippe, comte d ' Artois, who came to play important roles during and after her life.

Marie Antoinette's situation became more precarious when, on 6 August 1775, her sister-in-law, the comtesse d ' Artois, gave birth to a son, the duc d ' Angoulême ( who later became the presumptive heir to the French throne when his father, the comte d ' Artois, became King Charles X of France in 1824 ).

Though most of Provence, with the exception of Marseille, Aix and Avignon, was rural, conservative and largely royalist, it did produce some memorable figures in the French Revolution ; Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau from Aix, who tried to moderate the Revolution, and turn France into a constitutional monarchy like England ; the Marquis de Sade from Lacoste in the Luberon, who was a Deputy from the far left in the National Assembly ; Charles Barbaroux from Marseille, who sent a battalion of volunteers to Paris to fight in the French Revolutionary Army ; and Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyès ( 1748 – 1836 ), an abbé, essayist and political leader, who was one of the chief theorists of the French Revolution, French Consulate, and First French Empire, and who, in 1799, was the instigator of the coup d ' état of 18 Brumaire, which brought Napoleon to power.

The law created the potential regency as follows: Louis Charles ' nearest male relative in France ( presently the comte de Provence Louis Stanislas ), and after him, the regency would be given to the duc d ’ Orléans, and if he were unavailable, the regency would go to election.

Charles, comte d ' Artois, asked Louis to send his son, Louis Antoine, and daughter-in-law, Marie-Thérèse, to him in Edinburgh.

From left to right: Charles X | Charles, comte d ' Artois, Louis XVIII, Princess Caroline Ferdinande of Bourbon-Two Sicilies | Marie Caroline, duchesse de Berry, Marie-Thérèse Charlotte de France | Marie Thérèse, duchesse d ' Angoulême, Louis-Antoine, Duke of Angoulême | Louis Antoine, duc d ' Angoulême and Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry | Charles Ferdinand, duc de Berry.

He was succeeded by his youngest brother, the comte d ’ Artois, as Charles X.

The perpetrators were often known as the Verdets because of their green cockets, which was the colour of the comte d ' Artois – this being the title of Charles X at the time, who was associated with the hardline ultra-royalists, or Ultras.

< span lang =" fr "> Louis XVIII </ span > died on 16 September 1824, and was succeeded by his brother, the < span lang =" fr "> comte d ' Artois </ span >, who took the title of < span lang =" fr "> Charles X </ span >.

The ascension to the throne of Charles X, the leader of the ultra-royalist faction, coincided with the ultras ' control of power in the Chamber of Deputies ; thus, the ministry of the < span lang =" fr "> comte de Villèle </ span > was able to continue, and the last " restraint " ( i. e., Louis ) on the ultra-royalists was removed.

She had also an illegitimate son, Charles Auguste Louis Joseph, duc de Morny by her lover Charles Joseph, comte de Flahaut.

His units acted as a front guard for the allied French units under Admiral Charles Hector, comte d ' Estaing.