In 1879 Georgi Plekhanov formed a propagandist faction of Land and Liberty called Black Repartition ( Черный передел, Chernyi Peredel ), which advocated redistributing all land to the peasantry.

A " déclassé intellectual " whom anarchist historian Paul Avrich compares with Volin, Chernyi advocated a Nietzschean overthrow of the values of bourgeois Russian society, and rejected the voluntary communes of anarcho-communist Peter Kropotkin as a threat to the freedom of the individual.

Chernyi advocated the " free association of independent individuals " in a book titled Associational Anarchism and published in 1907.

A personal acquaintance of Lev Kamenev and other leading Bolsheviks, Chernyi denounced the nascent Russian Soviet Republic at a rally on March 5, 1918, declaring that for anarchists, the socialist state was as much an enemy as its bourgeois predecessor and promising to " paralyze the governmental mechanism ".

As far as posterior individualist anarchists, Jason McQuinn for some time used the pseudonym Lev Chernyi in honor of the Russian individualist anarchist of the same name while Feral Faun has quoted Italian individualist anarchist Renzo Novatore and has translated both Novatore.

Subsequent to the book's publication, Chernyi was imprisoned in Siberia under the Russian Czarist regime for his revolutionary activities.

Lev Chernyi (; died September 21, 1921 ) was a Russian anarchist theorist, activist and poet, and a leading figure of the Third Russian Revolution.

In 1917, Chernyi was released from his political imprisonment by the Imperial Russian regime, and swiftly became one of the leading figures in Russian anarchism.

Subsequent to the book's publication, Chernyi was imprisoned in Siberia under the Russian Czarist regime for his revolutionary activities.

Before the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, McQuinn wrote and edited Anarchy: A Journal of Desire Armed under the pseudonym " Lev Chernyi " in honor of the Russian anarchist of that name, who was killed in 1921 by the Cheka ( the Bolshevik secret police ).

Among contemporary individualist anarchists, Jason McQuinn for some time used the pseudonym Lev Chernyi in honor of the Russian individualist anarchist of the same name, and Feral Faun has quoted Italian individualist anarchist Renzo Novatore and has translated both Novatore and the young Italian individualist anarchist Bruno Filippi.

A small Russian presence was established on Urup by the fur trader Ivan Chernyi in 1768, acting on instructions from the governor of Siberia.

The Ego and Its Own by Max StirnerIn Russia, individualist anarchism inspired by Stirner combined with an appreciation for Friedrich Nietzsche attracted a small following of bohemian artists and intellectuals such as Lev Chernyi, as well as a few lone wolves who found self-expression in crime and violence.

Lev Chernyi was an important individualist anarchist involved in resistance against the rise to power of the Bolshevik Party.

Chernyi was also Secretary of the Moscow Federation of Anarchist Groups, which was formed in March 1917.

These authors and activists included Oscar Wilde, Emile Armand, Han Ryner, Henri Zisly, Renzo Novatore, Miguel Gimenez Igualada, Adolf Brand and Lev Chernyi among others.

It was founded by members of the Columbia Anarchist League of Columbia, Missouri, and continued to be published there for nearly fifteen years, eventually under the sole editorial control of Jason McQuinn ( who initially used the pseudonym " Lev Chernyi "), before briefly moving to New York City in 1995 to be published by members of the Autonomedia collective.

In August 1879, however, Land and Liberty broke up in two independent organizations: Narodnaya Volya and Chernyi Peredel.

After strongly denouncing the new Bolshevik government in various anarchist publications and joining several underground resistance movements, Chernyi was arrested by the Cheka on a charge of counterfeiting and in 1921 was executed without trial.

Chernyi was born Pavel Dimitrievich Turchaninov () to an army colonel father.

On his return from Siberia in 1917, Chernyi enjoyed great popularity among Moscow workers as a lecturer, and was at this time one of Russia's leading individualist anarchists and one of anarchism's main ideologues.

Eminent Bolshevik Nikolai Bukharin, who was wounded in the anarchist attack on the Moscow Communist Party headquarters for which Chernyi was framed and shot without trial.

Having helped establish an underground group in 1918, Chernyi joined another group called the Underground Anarchists the following year.

Chernyi was detained along with Fanya Baron on a counterfeiting charge.

In August 1921, the Moscow Izvestia published an official report announcing that ten " anarchist bandits ", among them Chernyi, had been shot without hearing or trial.

However, historian of anarchism Paul Avrich contends that Chernyi was executed in September of that year rather than August.

Although he was not personally involved in the bombing of the Communist Party headquarters, Chernyi was, because of his association with the Underground Anarchists, a likely candidate for a frameup.

Another important strain of Modernista poetry is Joan Maragall's " Paraula viva " ( Living word ) school, which advocated Nietzschean vitalism and spontaneous and imperfect writing over cold and thought-over poetry.

Sorel promoted the legitimacy of political violence in his work Reflections on Violence ( 1908 ) and other works in which he advocated radical syndicalist action to achieve a revolution to overthrow capitalism and the bourgeoisie through a general strike.

One elements of Riyadh's containment policy included support for Iraqi opposition forces that advocated the overthrow of Saddam Hussein's government.

The other line, supported for the most part by rural cadres who were familiar with the harsh realities of the countryside, advocated an immediate struggle to overthrow the " feudalist " Sihanouk.

While some advocated a reformist transition to a constitutional monarchy, most revolutionaries advocated republicanism, hoping to overthrow the Emperor and replace him with a democratically elected President.

During the revolution Lenin advocated militancy and violence of workers as a means to pressure the middle class to join and overthrow the Tsar.

Enacted in the aftermath of the Winnipeg General Strike, Section 98 dispensed with the presumption of innocence in outlawing potential threats to the state: specifically, anyone belonging to an organization that officially advocated the violent overthrow of the government.

Haya de la Torre advocated the overthrow of the land-owning oligarchies that had ruled Peru since colonial days, replacing them with an idealistic socialist elite.

He advocated Saddam Hussein's overthrow in Iraq.

Prosecutor John McGohey did not assert that the defendants had a specific plan to violently overthrow the US government, but rather alleged that the CPUSA's philosophy generally advocated the violent overthrow of governments.

The prosecution argued that the texts advocated violent revolution, and that by adopting the texts as their political foundation, the defendants were also personally guilty of advocating violent overthrow of the government.

the Rescue Emperor Society ) in late Qing Dynasty, an organisation that supported the pro-reform Guangxu and advocated constitutional monarchy as a peaceful political reform, against both the conservative rulers ( such as Cixi ) who opposed any reform and the Tongmenghui who sought to overthrow the monarchy and establish the Republic of China

Two of its most important founders were members of the Indochinese Communist Party, which advocated overthrow of the monarchy as well as expulsion of the French.

Two of its most important founders were members of the Indochinese Communist Party, which advocated overthrow of the monarchy as well as expulsion of the French.

In third world issues, the party supported decolonization and advocated boycotting South Africa to help overthrow Apartheid rule.

In any case, at this point two competing myths emerged as to why Bolivia had lost: one, advocated by important civilian political elites ( but not President Tejada ), placed all the blame on the personalistic, undisciplined Bolivian commanders, ever-eager to increase their own individual ambitions and even willing to overthrow the President of the Republic ( as indeed happened in 1934 ) rather to expend all its energy in the conduct of the war.

It was in a weakened and disorganized state, having recently suffered a bitter internal struggle between between Marxists, who supported trade union organization as preliminary to workers ' revolution and anarchists, led by Mikhail Bakunin, who advocated the immediate revolutionary overthrow of organized government.

He had previously advocated military and financial aid to opponents of the Saddam government in order to assist them to overthrow it ; specifically suggesting that anti-Saddam organisations be given " tanks, helicopter gun-ships, fighter planes, heavy artillery and anti-tank and anti-aircraft missiles ".

She joined the Triads, who at the time advocated the overthrow of the Qing Dynasty and restoration of Han Chinese governance.

One leader, Harrison H. Dodd, advocated violent overthrow of the governments of Indiana, Illinois, Kentucky, and Missouri in 1864.

The other line, supported for the most part by rural cadres who were familiar with the harsh realities of the countryside, advocated an immediate struggle to overthrow the " feudalist " Sihanouk.

The prosecution argued that the Party endorsed a violent overthrow of the government ; but the defendants countered that they advocated for a peaceful transition to socialism, and that the First Amendment's guarantee of free speech and association protected their membership in a political party.

Because the prosecution could not show that any of the defendants had openly called for violence or been involved in accumulating weapons for a proposed revolution, it relied on the testimony of former members of the party that the defendants had privately advocated the overthrow of the government and on quotations from the work of Karl Marx, Lenin and other revolutionary figures of the past.