Today, however, such tools are available in off-the-shelf software packages such as Microsoft NetMeeting, IBM Lotus Sametime, Mbone Videoconferencing ( Chin and Lansing, 2004 ).

Therefore the design of collaboratories may now move beyond developing general communication mechanisms to evaluating and supporting the very nature of collaboration in the scientific context ( Chin & Lansing, 2004 ).

Chin and Lansing ( 2004 ) explore the shift of collaboratory development from traditional tool-centric approaches to more data-centric ones, to effectively support data sharing.

Collaboration, Chin and Lansing ( 2004 ) state, is driven both by the need to share data and to share knowledge about data.

It is therefore imperative, according to Chin and Lansing ( 2004 ), to know and understand how data sets relate to aspects of overall data space, applications, experiments, projects, and the scientific community, identifying the critical features or properties among which we can mention:

A comprehensively described example is the Biological Sciences Collaboratory ( BSC ) at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory ( Chin & Lansing, 2004 ).

From this tree-view the scientist may select a particular node ( or an entire branch ) to access a specific version of the data set ( Chin & Lansing, 2004 ).

The scientific workflow may be viewed as process templates that captures and semi-automate the steps of an analysis process and its encompassing data sets and tools ( Chin & Lansing, 2004 ).

Monitoring capability allows for members to identify other members that are online working on the project ( Chin & Lansing, 2004 ).

Notifications are in place for scientists interested in a particular set of data and when that data is modified the scientists get a notification via email ( Chin & Lansing, 2004 ).

* Biological Collaborative Research Environment ( BioCoRE ) developed at University of Illinois at Urbana – Champaign – a collaboration tool for biologists ( Chin and Lansing, 2004 );

* Molecular Interactive Collaborative Environment ( MICE ) developed at the San Diego Supercomputer Center – provides collaborative access and manipulation of complex, three-dimensional molecular models as captured in various scientific visualization programs ( Chin and Lansing, 2004 );

* Molecular Modeling Collaboratory ( MMC ) developed at University of California, San Francisco – allows remote biologists to share and interactively manipulate three-dimensional molecular models in applications such as drug design and protein engineering ( Chin and Lansing, 2004 );

* Chin, G., Jr., & Lansing, C. S. ( 2004 ).

** Peter Chin Fah Kui 陳華貴 / 陈华贵 ( 1945 -; Bao ' an, Guangdong ; born in Malaysia ), Plantation Industries and Commodities Minister, Malaysia, 2004 -

He has finished outright first, or tied for first, in dozens of other international tournaments including Geneva ( 1979 ), Belfort, World Under 16 ( 1979 ), the BBC Master Game ( 1981 ), Amsterdam OHRA ( 1982 ), Baku ( 1983 ), Esbjerg ( 1984 ), Wijk aan Zee ( 1986, 1987 ), Reykjavík ( 1987 ), Amsterdam VSB ( 1988, 1991, 1992, 1993 ), Hastings ( 1987 / 88, 1988 / 89 ), Pärnu ( 1996 ), Groningen ( 1996 ), Tallinn / Pärnu ( 1998 ), Dhaka United Insurance ( 1999 ), Shymkent ( 1999 ), Pamplona ( 1999 / 2000 ), Tan Chin Nam Cup, Beijing ( 2000 ), Sigeman and Co. Malmö ( 2002, 2009 ), Gibraltar ( 2003, 2004, 2012 ), Budapest Hunguest Hotels ( 2003 ), Samba Cup, Skanderborg ( 2003 ), Taiyuan ( 2004 ), the Politiken Cup ( 2006 ), Bazna ( 2008 ), the Staunton Memorial ( 2009 ) Thailand Open ( 2011, 2012 ) and Luanda ( 2011 ).

' Sabah and Sarawak: The more things change, the more they remain the same ', in Chin Kin Wah ( ed ) Southeast Asian Affairs 2004 ( Singapore: Institute of South East Asian Studies, 2004 ) ( ISBN 981-230-238-7 )

Chin Music is the name of the 2004 album by New York City hardcore band Billy Club Sandwich.

* October 6-8, 2004: Chin Peng visits Singapore for 3 days to speak at the Institute of South-east Asian Studies ( ISEAS ).

In 2004 she appeared in Beautiful Shanghai a. k. a. Shanghai Story and reportedly appeared in a Taiwanese TV series with on again, off again beau Chyi Chin.

* Gabriel J. Chin, Reconstruction, Felon Disenfranchisement and the Right to Vote: Did the Fifteenth Amendment Repeal Section 2 of the Fourteenth ?, 92 Georgetown Law Journal 259 ( 2004 )

* 2004 " Time " ( with Greg Chin )

Today Kashmir denotes a larger area that includes the Indian-administered state of Jammu and Kashmir ( which consists of the divisions: the Kashmir valley, Jammu and Ladakh ), the Pakistani-administered Gilgit – Baltistan and the Azad Kashmir provinces, and the Chinese-administered regions of Aksai Chin and Trans-Karakoram Tract.

India claims Aksai Chin as the eastern-most part of the Jammu and Kashmir state.

With his election victory, he became the first person of East Asian descent to become head of government of a Latin American nation, and just the third of East Asian descent to govern a South American state, after Arthur Chung of Guyana and Henk Chin A Sen of Suriname ( each of whom had served as head of state, rather than head of government ).

In the republic of Burma, the title was used for the Chief ministers of the following autonomous states, from 1947 / 48 till the abolition of that autonomy in 1962: Arakan State ( Rakhine ), Chin state, Karen State ( Kayin ), Kayah State ( Karenni ), Kachin State and Shan state

The area shown in orange is the Indian-controlled state of Jammu and Kashmir, and the diagonally-hatched area to the east is the Chinese-controlled area known as Aksai Chin.

Another cease-fire line, one that separates the Indian-controlled state of Jammu and Kashmir from the Chinese-controlled area known as Aksai Chin, lies further to the east and is known as the Line of Actual Control ( LAC ).

Chin State (, ) is a state located in western Burma ( Myanmar ).

The Chin State is bordered by Rakhine State in the south, Bangladesh in south-west, Sagaing Division and Magway Division in the east, Indian state of Manipur in the north and Indian state of Mizoram in the west.

The state is covered with mountainous region with few transportation links, Chin State is sparsely populated and remains one of the least developed areas of the country.

Kale was a minor Shan state, and its authority did not extend more than its immediate surrounding area, no more than a small portion of northern Chin Hills.

Because of the region's heavy economic dependence on Burma Proper, Chin leaders, unlike Shan and Kachin leaders, asked only for a " special administrative division ", not a full fledged state.

As a result, when the 1947 Constitution of Burma granted the right of secession to states after a period of ten years after the independence, the Chin did not get a state ( no right to secede ).

The longest water fall in Chin state is the Bungtla Waterfall near Matupi.

( The Panglong Agreement gave only the Shan and the Kachin a state each ; the Chin who actually signed the agreement did not receive a state.

A number of other ethnic minorities like Chin, Mro, Chakma, Khami, Dainet, Bangali and Maramagri inhabit mainly in the hill regions of the state.

Even the Chin, who are usually related with Protestant Christianity or Animism, of Rakhine state adhere to Buddhism due to the cultural influence of the Rakhine people.

* Chin State, a state in Myanmar

The Karen people aspired to have the areas where they were the majority formed into a subdivision or " state " within Burma similar to what the Shan, Kachin and Chin peoples had been given.

The Shan and Karenni states were given the right to secession after 10 years, the Kachin their own state, and the Chin a special division.

Hari Singh signed the Instrument of Accession on October 26, 1947, acceding the whole of his princely state ( including Jammu, Kashmir, Northern Areas, Ladakh, Trans-Karakoram Tract and Aksai Chin ) to the Dominion of India.

Chin Peng was born in late October 1924, into a middle class Hokchia ( hanyu pinyin: Fuqing ) family who gave him the name Ong Boon Hua, in the small seaside town of Sitiawan, in Perak state, Malaya.