Through the support of the Western bloc ( most Western countries continued to recognize the ROC as the sole legitimate government of China ), the Republic of China on Taiwan retained China's seat in the United Nations until 1971.

The recent resolutions have all emphasized that Resolution 2758, replacing the ROC with the PRC in 1971, only addressed the question of who should have China's seat in the UN rather than whether an additional seat for the Taiwan Area can be created to represent the 23 million people on Taiwan and the ROC's other islands.

* November 23 – The People's Republic of China takes the Republic of China's seat on the United Nations Security Council ( see China and the United Nations ).

In 1971, the ROC government walked out of the United Nations shortly before it recognized the PRC government in Beijing as the legitimate holder of China's seat in the United Nations.

Taiwan also occupied China's seat at the United Nations, and in 1962, Mao suddenly became fearful of a Nationalist invasion.

As Shanghai's political and economic stature grew due to economic reforms, Wu gained a seat on the Politburo of the Communist Party of China, China's ruling council, in 1992.

After World War II, the Republic of China had been one of the founding members in the United Nations and held China's seat on the Security Council until 1971, when it was expelled by General Assembly Resolution 2758 and replaced in all UN organs with the People's Republic of China government.

While the Soviet Union was boycotting the Security Council and China's seat was represented by U. S .- friendly Republic of China ( instead of the communist People's Republic of China which would replace the ROC in the UN in 1971 ), the U. S. and UN jointly condemned the invasion of South Korea by North Korean troops, leading to the UN sanctioned Korean War.

At the 17th Party Congress in October 2007, Bo gained a seat on the 25-member Politburo, effectively China's ruling council.

In conferences with Nationalist China's dapper, diminutive Vice President Chen Cheng, Mr. Kennedy assured Chiang Kai-shek's emissary that the U.S. is as firmly opposed as ever to the admission of Red China to the United Nations.

In the same year, the PRC was admitted to the United Nations in place of the Republic of China for China's membership of the United Nations, and permanent membership of the Security Council.

According to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, China's per capita food availability and consumption have increased, and average per capita food availability has grown from less than 1700 kcal in 1960 to 2570 kcal per day in 1995.

Albania's leaders abhorred the People's Republic of China's contacts with the United States in the early 1970s, and its press and radio ignored President Richard Nixon's trip to Beijing in 1972.

* 1999 – The United States House of Representatives releases the Cox Report which details the People's Republic of China's nuclear espionage against the U. S. over the prior two decades.

China continues to develop its telecommunications infrastructure, and is partnering with foreign providers to expand its global reach ; 3 of China's 6 major telecommunications operators are part of an international consortium which, in December 2006, signed an agreement with Verizon Business to build the first next-generation optical cable system directly linking the United States and China.

This action reinforced China's impression that the Soviet Union, the United States and India all had expansionist designs on China.

As a result of a pending trade war with the United States of America over violations of intellectual property rights of American corporations in the early 1990s, the People's Republic of China's trademark law has been modified and now offers significant protections to foreign trademark owners.

Relations between the two governments subsequently soured, with the Soviets refusing to support China's case for joining the United Nations and going back on their pledge to supply China with a nuclear weapon.

According to leading Chinese business magazine Caixin, North Korea accounts for 40 % of China's foreign aid budget and 50, 000 tonnes of oil exports per month to maintain a buffer state against Japan, South Korea, and the United States, but that the three nations were no longer China's enemies, and that trade and investment with them was worth billions of dollars, while its support of North Korea was expensive and internationally embarrassing to support due to its " unruly " behavior and defiance towards China.

Dr. Nafis Sadik, former director of UNFPA said her agency had been pivotal in reversing China's coercive population control methods, but a 2005 report by Amnesty International and a separate report by the United States State Department found that coercive techniques were still regularly employed by the Chinese, casting doubt upon Sadik's statements.

Mao Zedong's Three Worlds Theory is described as realpolitik by his critics, including Enver Hoxha, who point out that it was not based in a strong ideological basis, being used only to justify China's alignment with the United States rather than the Soviet Union.

However, the war was very costly to the Chinese side, as more than just " volunteers " were mobilized, and because of the lack of experience in modern warfare and the lack of modern military technology, China's casualties vastly outnumbered that of the United Nations.

In 1999, Berger was criticized for failing to timely inform the President about China's nuclear espionage campaign against the United States.

Hu Shih's tombstone in the park named after him, near Academia Sinica in Taiwan Hu was the Republic of China's ambassador to the United States of America between 1938 and 1942.

Lin Jiang Huai, the head of China's " Information Security Technology " office ( which is in charge of the project ), credits the surveillance systems in the United States and the U. K. as the inspiration for what he is doing with the Golden Shield project.

( short for Association of World Super Men ) alongside Tiki Torch and Comrade Red ( who apparently reformed ) where they were seen with other superheroes exclusive to the show ( like United Kingdom's Big Ben, Jamaica's Ya-Mon, Africa's Mandingo, Australia's Down Under Mate, Japan's E-Male, China's Mushu Gai Man, Mexico's Mucho Muchacho, and other unnamed generic superheroes ) and two characters that look like Space Ghost and Birdman.

The representatives of the PRC first attended the United Nations, including the United Nations Security Council, as China's representatives on October 25, 1971, replacing the ROC delegates ; the ROC, which became known for many purposes as " Taiwan ", is no longer represented by a Permanent Representative at the UN.

He was prominent as the Republic of China's Ambassador to the United States during the Second World War, foreign minister during the years in which the People's Republic of China sought to oust the ROC from the United Nations, and was also the first civilian Governor of Taiwan Province ( 1947-1949 ), replacing Governor General Chen Yi.

* Following the Manchurian Incident, and China's referral of the Japanese occupation of Manchuria to the League of Nations in 1931, the League's representative was given a tour of the " truly Manchurian " parts of the region.

The United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758 was passed in response to the United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1668 that required any change in China's representation in the UN be determined by a two-thirds majority vote.

" This move effectively ended the Republic of China's full membership at the United Nations and remains a point of contention on the political status of Taiwan.

Some viewpoints assert that Resolution 2758 has solved the issue of " China's representation " in the United Nations, but left the issue of Taiwan's representation unresolved in a practical sense.

* Wang Guangya, China's Vice Minister of foreign affairs and permanent representative of the People's Republic of China to the United Nations.

Koo also was involved in the formation of the League of Nations as China's first representative to the newly formed League.

" In 2004 China applied to join the MTCR, but members did not offer China membership because of concerns about China's export control standards.

Burma's U Thant and U Nu lobbied for China's entry as a permanent member into the Security Council, but denounced the invasion of Tibet.

Rising Star: China's New Security Diplomacy.

The conflicting investigations launched by the Ministry of the Public Security on one side and the State Sports Commission and Qiao Shi on the other spoke of the disagreements among China's elites on how to regard the growing practice.

Rising Star: China's New Security Diplomacy.

Rising Star: China's New Security Diplomacy.

According to China's critics, China has offered Sudan support threatening to use its veto on the U. N. Security Council to protect Khartoum from sanctions and has been able to water down every resolution on Darfur in order to protect its interests in Sudan.

Zeng Qinghong has the head of the Ministry of State Security, known as China's top intelligence gathering bureau, report directly to him as his father was the former director of this agency.

In 1997 China's Ministry of Public Security published a book on the history of drug abuse.

He has also criticized China's protection of the Sudanese government against UN Security Council sanctions.

Rising Star: China's New Security Diplomacy.

The Report of the Select Committee on U. S. National Security and Military / Commercial Concerns with the People's Republic of China, commonly known as the Cox Report after Representative Christopher Cox, is a classified U. S. government document reporting on the People's Republic of China's covert operations within the United States during the 1980s and 1990s.

Rising Star: China's New Security Diplomacy.

Rising Star: China's New Security Diplomacy.

Rising Star: China's New Security Diplomacy.

According to Liu Fuzhi, Secretary-General of the Commission for Politics and Law under the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and Minister of Public Security, the mission of the MSS is to ensure " the security of the state through effective measures against enemy agents, spies, and counter-revolutionary activities designed to sabotage or overthrow China's socialist system.

During his tenure as Minister of Public Security, he was a reformer of China's policing system, aiming to create a more professional police force, even going as far as to fire several hundred police officers for drinking problems.

The Soviet government had adopted an " empty chair " policy at the Security Council from January 1950, owing to its discontent over the UN's refusal to recognize the People's Republic of China's representatives as the legitimate representatives of China, and with the hope of preventing any future decisions by the Council on substantive matters.

* US China Security and Review Commission, 2009 annual report see Chapter 2 on China's activities impacting US security interests