For it is the family that, in China, has always provided social security for the indigent, the sick, the down-and-out members of the clan.

Tibet has historically served China as a buffer state.

For some time, China has been the largest producer of antimony and its compounds, with most production coming from the Xikuangshan Mine in Hunan.

Azerbaijan currently has diplomatic relations with 160 countries: Afghanistan, Bahrain, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, the People's Republic of China, Denmark, Egypt, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Greece, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Kuwait, Libya, Luxembourg, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Netherlands, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Poland, Qatar, Republic of India, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Togo, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Uzbekistan and Vietnam.

Arbor Day ( 植樹節 ) has been a traditional holiday in the Republic of China since 1927.

Aston Martin has also boosted its worldwide appeal by opening more dealers in Europe, as well as branches in China for the first time in its 93 year history in Beijing and Shanghai.

Since the 1980s, the People's Republic of China has constructed a new legal framework for administrative law, establishing control mechanisms for overseeing the bureaucracy and disciplinary committees for the Communist Party of China.

The ASROC has been deployed on scores of warships of many other navies, including Canada, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Republic of China, Greece, Pakistan and others.

The only other nation that fields strategic bombing forces is the People's Republic of China, which has a number of Xian H-6s.

However, Brazil is the only country besides China and Russia that has land borders with 10 or more nations.

In recent years, it has given high priority in establishing political dialogue with other strategic actors such as India, Russia, China and South Africa through participation in international groupings such as BASIC, IBSA and BRICS.

The SIG has local offices in Hong Kong, Taiwan and Beijing, China, Seoul, Korea, Tokyo, Japan and Malmö, Sweden.

Bromine is rarer than about three-quarters of elements in the Earth's crust ; however, the high solubility of bromide ion has caused its accumulation in the oceans, and commercially the element is easily extracted from brine pools, mostly in the United States, Israel and China.

On 23 September 2011, Bille August announced that he has opened his studio in Hangzhou, China and taken a position as Tianpeng Media's Art Director, aiming to produce Chinese films for Tianpeng Media over the next few years.

Population density also has a major impact, where dense urbanisation such as in Japan and the far east has led to the adoption of high capacity long multi-axle buses, often double-deckers, while South America and China are implementing large numbers of articulated buses for bus rapid transit schemes.

This view was challenged by China and North Korea, who accused the U. S. of large-scale field testing of biological warfare against them during the Korean War ( 1950 – 1953 ), but this claim has been disputed.

China has had historical trading links with the inhabitants of the island.

Ownership has since been transferred to BOCHK, although the Bank of China has leased back several floors for use by its own operations in Hong Kong.

Since the mid 1980s, the United States has had a growing deficit in tradeable goods, especially with Asian nations ( China and Japan ) which now hold large sums of U. S debt that has funded the consumption.

China, a high growth economy, has tended to run trade surpluses.

The name " Republic of China " was briefly added on January 27, 2005, but has since been changed back to " none ".

* 1978 – The Treaty of Peace and Friendship between Japan and the People's Republic of China is signed.

* 1952 – The Sino-Japanese Peace Treaty ( Treaty of Taipei ) is signed in Taipei, Taiwan between Japan and the Republic of China to officially end the Second Sino-Japanese War.

* 1895 – The Treaty of Shimonoseki between China and Japan is signed.

On October 10, 2000, Clinton signed into law the U. S .– China Relations Act of 2000, which granted permanent normal trade relations ( PNTR ) trade status to People's Republic of China.

In January 2007, China signed a series of economic agreements with Cameroon, giving more than $ 54 million in loans.

Continuing the coalition's free-trade strategy, in August 2006 President Bachelet promulgated a free trade agreement with the People's Republic of China ( signed under the previous administration of Ricardo Lagos ), the first Chinese free-trade agreement with a Latin American nation ; similar deals with Japan and India were promulgated in August 2007.

Over the last several years, Chile has signed FTAs with the European Union, South Korea, New Zealand, Singapore, Brunei, China, and Japan.

To that end, it has signed trade agreements in recent years with New Zealand, Singapore, Brunei, India, China, and most recently Japan.

Relations between Cuba and China continue to grow including deals for China to set up a possible military base in Cuba, similar to the Bejucal Base and an agreement was signed between China and Cuba for China open more factories producing local goods such as televisions.

While the CIA and MI6 and the People's Liberation Army of China financed the operation along with the Pakistan government against the Soviet Union Eventually the Soviet Union began looking for a withdrawal route and in 1988 Geneva Accords were signed between Communist-Afghanistan and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan ; under the terms Soviet troops were to withdraw.

The China Railway Seventh Group Co. Ltd will be in charge of the contract, under signed by the China Railway Engineering Corporation, with construction to be started from June 2008.

Dominica previously maintained official relations with the Republic of China ( commonly known as " Taiwan ") instead of the People's Republic of China, but on 23 March 2004, a joint communique was signed in Beijing, paving the way for diplomatic recognition of the People's Republic.

* 1954 – The Sino-American Mutual Defense Treaty, between the United States and the Republic of China, is signed in Washington, D. C ..

* In September 2009 Ethiopian Railways Corporation signed a deal with China Railway Engineering Corporation for it to build the new Addis Ababa light railway transit.

Afghanistan has signed a copper deal with China ( Metallurgical Corp. of China Ltd .) in 2008, which is to a large scale project that involves the investment of $ 2. 8 billion dollars by China and an annual income of about $ 400 million dollars to the Afghan government.

In December 2011, Afghanistan signed an oil exploration contract with China National Petroleum Corporation ( CNPC ) for the development of three oil fields along the Amu Darya river.

* In April 2005, an agreement was signed to build a railway from Turkey through Georgia to Azerbaijan ( see Kars Baku Tbilisi railway line ) probably using ( Standard gauge ) supposedly so that it can eventually link with China.

The treaty has been ratified by 27 parties — Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Chile, the People's Republic of China, Ecuador, Finland, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Peru, Poland, Russia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom, United States, and Uruguay

Exclusively, Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, which is entitled by the founding of United Nations as the cornerstone of modern day diplomacy since the Vienna Congress, was signed and ratified by the Republic of China on 18 April 1961 and 19 December 1969.

It entered into force on 24 October 1945, after being ratified by the five permanent members of the Security Council — the Republic of China ( later replaced by the People's Republic of China ), France, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( later replaced by the Russian Federation ), the United Kingdom, and the United States — and a majority of the other signatories.

In the Convention, the Emperor of China ratified the Treaty of Tientsin ( 1858 ).

China has ratified the Kyoto Protocol, but as a non-Annex I country is not required to limit greenhouse gas emissions under terms of the agreement.

In the government of China, which is structured more as a bureaucracy than as a democracy, an official who rises a level is ratified by others at the level he is entering-no other candidates are presented but abstention as a protest is not uncommon.

The Chinese Exclusion Act replaced the Burlingame Treaty ratified in 1868, which encouraged Chinese immigration, provided that " citizens of the United States in China of every religious persuasion and Chinese subjects in the United States shall enjoy entire liberty of conscience and shall be exempt from all disability or persecution on account of their religious faith or worship in either country " and granted certain privileges to citizens of either country residing in the other, withholding, however, the right of naturalization.

The United Nations officially came into existence on October 24, 1945, when the Charter was ratified by the Republic of China, France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, the United States as well as a majority of other signatories.

The ratification of eight Annex 2 states is still missing: China, Egypt, Iran, Israel and the United States have signed but not ratified the Treaty ; India, North Korea and Pakistan have not signed it.

They were ratified by the Emperor of China in the Convention of Peking in 1860, after the end of the war.

China ratified the technology as a national controls standard, GB / Z 20177. 1-2006 and as a building and intelligent community standard, GB / T 20299. 4-2006 ; and in 2007 CECED, the European Committee of Domestic Equipment Manufacturers, adopted the protocol as part of its Household Appliances Control and Monitoring – Application Interworking Specification ( AIS ) standards.

As of August 1st 2012 103 of the 191 ICAO Member States have ratified the Montreal Convention of 1999 including the United States, all members of the European Union ( EU ), Australia, Canada, China, India, Japan, Korea and Mexico.

The Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry was one of the first state key laboratories ratified by Planning Commission of China.

China has acceded to the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention ( BWC ) in 1984 and ratified the Chemical Weapons Convention ( CWC ) in 1997.

Additionally, the Republic of China had signed and ratified the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations on April 18, 1961 and December 19, 1969 respectively.

* Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations signed and ratified by Republic of China

The Republic of China ratified the Geneva Protocol on August 7, 1929 and the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty ( NPT ) in 1970.

The charter stated that before it would come into effect, it must be ratified by the Governments of the Republic of China, France, the USSR, the United Kingdom, and the United States, and by a majority of the other 46 signatories.

The following November, China and Great Britain ratified an agreement approving trade between Sikkim and Tibet.

Although Taiwan was ceded to Japan in the treaty of Shimonoseki ratified in 1895 – then surrendered by Japan in 1945 to the Kuomintang Administration – the PRC government considers Taiwan to be the 23rd province of the People's Republic of China.