* The emperor Claudius returns from his British campaign in triumph, the southeast part of Britannia now held by the Roman Empire, but the war will rage for another decade and a half.

* Marcus Aurelius Claudius is charged by the Senate for having murdered Gallienus ( it will never be proven ).

He becomes the new emperor of Rome and will reign as Claudius II.

In her deathbed she only fears divine punishment for all she had done, and secures the promise of future deification by her grandson Claudius, an act which, she believes, will guarantee her a blissful afterlife.

At Cumae, the Sibyl tells Claudius that he will " speak clear.

" Claudius believes this means that his secret memoirs will be one day found, and that he, having therein written the truth, will speak clearly, while his contemporaries, who had to distort their histories in order to appease the ruling family, will seem like stammerers.

Since he wishes to record his life for posterity, Claudius chooses to write in Greek, since he believes that it will remain " the chief literary language of the world.

" This allows Graves to explore the etymology of Latin words ( like the origins of the names " Livia " and " Caesar ") that would otherwise be obvious to native Latin speakers, who Claudius ( correctly ) believes will not exist in the future.

But the characters and conduct of a Nero, or a Claudius, are what no custom will ever reconcile us to, what no fashion will ever render agreeable ; but the one will always be the object of dread and hatred ; the other of scorn and derision.

Although Fortinbras makes only two brief appearances in the later half of the play, he is referred to throughout: King Claudius sends ambassadors to Norway in the hopes of staving off his invasion, and they return with the news that he will attack Poland but leave Denmark alone.

::: I. Tiberius Claudius Severus Proculus ( c. 163-218 ), had one child

Her mother ’ s marriage to Agrippa was her second marriage, as Julia the Elder was widowed from her first marriage, to her paternal cousin Marcus Claudius Marcellus and they had no children.

Livia was the first Roman Empress and was Augustus ’ third wife ( from Livia ’ s first marriage to praetor Tiberius Nero, she had two sons: the emperor Tiberius and the general Nero Claudius Drusus.

Germanicus had two younger siblings ; a sister, named Livilla, and a brother, the future Emperor Claudius.

Claudius had Lucius ' inheritance reinstated.

Claudius had a reputation that he was easily controlled by his wives and freedmen.

The freedman Tiberius Claudius Narcissus suggested Claudius remarry his second wife Aelia Paetina, with whom he had a daughter, Claudia Antonia.

Also that year, Claudius had founded a Roman colony and called the colony Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensis or Agrippinensium, today known as Cologne, after Agrippina who was born there.

For instance, in 51, Agrippina ordered the execution of Britannicus ’ tutor Sosibius because he had confronted her and was outraged by Claudius ’ adoption of Nero and his choice of Nero as successor, instead of choosing his own son Britannicus.

) executed ( Dio ) because Claudius had commented on her beauty.

He returned to Italy with Ursicinus, when he was recalled by Constantius, and accompanied him on the expedition against Claudius Silvanus, who had been forced by the allegedly unjust accusations of his enemies into proclaiming himself emperor in Gaul.

The Roman veterans who had been settled there mistreated the locals and a temple to the former emperor Claudius had been erected there at local expense, making the city a focus for resentment.

The Ancient Near Eastern collection also had its beginnings in 1825 with the purchase of Assyrian and Babylonian antiquities from the widow of Claudius James Rich.

There is no evidence that Claudius had a direct hand in the assassination, although it has been argued that he knew about the plot — particularly since he left the scene of the crime shortly before his nephew was murdered.

Claudius also made a law requiring plaintiffs to remain in the city while their cases were pending, as defendants had previously been required to do.

Annual games were also held in honor of his accession, and took place at the Praetorian camp where Claudius had first been proclaimed Emperor.

Claudius rebuilt Pompey's Theater after it had been destroyed by fire, organizing special fights at the re-dedication which he observed from a special platform in the orchestra box.

During their marriage, Claudius and Paetina had a daughter, Claudia Antonia.

The attempted coup d ' etat by Silius and Messalina had probably made Claudius realize the weakness of his position as a member of the Claudian but not the Julian family.

Oost suggests that Claudius had previously looked to adopt one of his sons-in-law to protect his own reign.

Claudius himself claimed that he had exaggerated his ailments to save his own life.

For example, he believed ( as most Romans ) that his ancestor Appius Claudius Caecus had used the censorship to introduce the letter " R " and so used his own term to introduce his new letters.

Agrippina and Claudius had become more combative in the months leading up to his death.

In more recent times, it has been suggested that the Senate may have pushed for the marriage between Agrippina and Claudius to end the feud between the Julian and Claudian branches.

However, Claudius singles out Asiaticus for special damnation in his speech on the Gauls, which dates over a year later, suggesting that the charge must have been much more serious.

Since the discovery of his " Letter to the Alexandrians " in the last century, much work has been done to rehabilitate Claudius and determine where the truth lies.

( Claudius is actually the last person known to have been able to read Etruscan.

His censorship seems to have been based on those of his ancestors, particularly Appius Claudius Caecus, and he used the office to put into place many policies based on those of Republican times.

Those who regard this homage as cynical should note that, cynical or not, such a move would hardly have benefited those involved, had Claudius been " hated ", as some commentators, both modern and historic, characterize him.

Claudius ' temple was left unfinished after only some of the foundation had been laid down.

Commemorative coins were issued of Claudius and his son Britannicus — who had been a friend of the Emperor Titus ( Titus was born in 39, Britannicus was born in 41 ).

He was forced to rely on second-hand accounts when it came to Claudius ( with the exception of Augustus ' letters which had been gathered earlier ) and does not quote the Emperor.

Claudius has been portrayed in film on several other occasions, including in the 1979 motion picture Caligula, the role being performed by Giancarlo Badessi in which the character was depicted as an idiot, in contrast to Robert Graves ' portrait of Claudius as a cunning and deeply intelligent man who is perceived by others to be an idiot.

Caligula has been played by Ralph Bates in the 1968 ITV television series The Caesars ; John Hurt in the 1976 BBC television series I, Claudius ; John McEnery in the 1985 miniseries A. D .; Szabolcs Hajdu in the 1996 film Caligula ; and John Simm in the 2004 miniseries Imperium Nerone.

The last person known to have been able to read Etruscan was the Roman emperor Claudius ( 10 BC – AD 54 ), the author of a treatise in twenty volumes on the Etruscans, Tyrrenikà ( now lost ), who compiled a dictionary ( also lost ) by interviewing the last few elderly rustics who still spoke the language.

" According to some records, the original seventh letter, ⟨ z ⟩, had been purged from the Latin alphabet somewhat earlier in the 3rd century BC by the Roman censor Appius Claudius, who found it distasteful and foreign.

Like his uncle Caligula before him, Nero was also a direct descendant of Augustus Caesar, a fact which made his ascension to the throne much easier and smoother than it had been for Tiberius or Claudius.

If, as was common, this was the emperor, citizenship would have been granted between AD 41 and 68 ( when Claudius, and then Nero, were emperors ).