Before the mention of Alemanni in the time of Caracalla, you would search in vain for Alemanni in the moderately detailed geography of southern Germany in Claudius Ptolemy, written in Greek in the mid-2nd century ; it is likely that at that time, the people who later used that name were known by other designations.

Accounts vary wildly with regard to this private incident and according to more modern sources, it is possible ( but exceedingly convenient ) that Claudius died of natural causes ; Claudius was 63 years old.

I, Claudius 1976 Agrippina is played by Barbara Young

Clodius is an alternate form of the Roman nomen Claudius, a patrician gens that was traditionally regarded as Sabine in origin.

There is some speculation that the inscription was added by Claudius himself decades later, and that he originally did not appear at all.

There is no evidence that Claudius had a direct hand in the assassination, although it has been argued that he knew about the plot — particularly since he left the scene of the crime shortly before his nephew was murdered.

The conspiracy of Gaius Silius in the year after his Censorship, 48, is detailed in the section discussing Claudius ' third wife, Messalina.

There is no evidence that the character of Claudius ' policies and edicts changed with the rise and fall of the various freedmen, suggesting that he was firmly in control throughout.

This is the diagnosis used in Robert Graves ' Claudius novels, first published in the 1930s.

( Claudius is actually the last person known to have been able to read Etruscan.

Since Claudius ( like most of the members of his dynasty ) heavily criticized his predecessors and relatives in surviving speeches, it is not hard to imagine the nature of Suetonius ' charge.

The influence of historical study on Claudius is obvious.

Even his version of Claudius ' Lyons tablet speech is edited to be devoid of the Emperor's personality.

Claudius has been portrayed in film on several other occasions, including in the 1979 motion picture Caligula, the role being performed by Giancarlo Badessi in which the character was depicted as an idiot, in contrast to Robert Graves ' portrait of Claudius as a cunning and deeply intelligent man who is perceived by others to be an idiot.

There is also a reference to Claudius ' suppression of one of the coups against him in the movie Gladiator, though the incident is entirely fictional.

In the novel I, Claudius by English writer Robert Graves, Caligula is presented as being a murderous sociopath from his childhood, who became clinically insane early in his reign.

: Aelianus Tacticus, Greek military writer of the 2nd century, resident at Rome, is sometimes confused with Claudius Aelianus.

* ( genitive ) " of man " a possessor ( e. g., the man's name is Claudius )

* Robert Graves ' novel I, Claudius is written as a recently-discovered autobiography penned by the late Emperor.

However, Caligula is shown in a later episode to confess to his uncle Claudius that he killed his father in revenge for trying to discipline him, by working on his father's superstitions ( planting various ' curses ' around his father's residence ) and eventually frightening him to death-therefore, Piso and Plancina were technically innocent ( Zeus, by Jove!

* nautae ( genitive ) " the sailor's / of sailor " ( e. g. nomen nautae Claudius est the sailor's name is Claudius )

Suetonius quotes Claudius ' autobiography once, and must have used it as a source numerous times.

He wrote Claudius as a passive pawn and an idiot — going so far as to hide his use of Claudius as a source and omit Claudius ' character from his works.

One source says Aurelian, who was present at the siege, participated and supported general Claudius for the purple – which is plausible.

The setantii name is known from a single source only, the 2nd century Geographia of Claudius Ptolemaeus.

The source actually gives 32 names but as the author, writing under the name of one Trebellius Pollio, places the last two under the reign of Maximinus Thrax and Claudius II respectively, this leaves thirty pretenders supposedly under the reign of Gallienus.

Some have claimed that the source maps were found in the ancient Library of Alexandria, based on Piri's allusions to Alexander the Great, the founder of Alexandria, Ptolemy I, who ruled Alexandria in the 4th century BC, and Claudius Ptolemy, the Greek geographer and cartographer who lived in Alexandria during the second century AD.

After Messalina was executed in 48 for conspiring with Gaius Silius to overthrow her husband, Claudius considered remarrying for the fourth time.

In more recent times, it has been suggested that the Senate may have pushed for the marriage between Agrippina and Claudius to end the feud between the Julian and Claudian branches.

Claudius later repented of marrying Agrippina and adopting Nero, began to favor Britannicus, and started preparing him for the throne.

** Lollia Paulina as she was a rival for Claudius ’ hand in marriage as proposed by the freedman Callistus.

They destroyed Camulodunum ( modern Colchester ), earlier the capital of the Trinovantes, but then a colonia ( a settlement for discharged Roman soldiers ) and the site of a temple to the former Emperor Claudius, which was built and maintained at local expense.

The Roman veterans who had been settled there mistreated the locals and a temple to the former emperor Claudius had been erected there at local expense, making the city a focus for resentment.

In either case, it was far too early for such an account, and may have only served to remind Augustus that Claudius was Antony's descendant.

His mother and grandmother quickly put a stop to it, and this may have convinced them that Claudius was not fit for public office.

When they heard of the Praetorians ' claim, they demanded that Claudius be delivered to them for approval, but he refused, sensing the danger that would come with complying.

Claudius later lifted this restriction for some of his conquering generals.

The resultant flood washed out a large gladiatorial exhibition held to commemorate the opening, causing Claudius to run for his life along with the other spectators.

As a result, Claudius was forced to reduce the Senate's power for efficiency.

Claudius ' son-in-law Pompeius Magnus was executed for his part in a conspiracy with his father Crassus Frugi.

In 46, Asinius Gallus, the grandson of Asinius Pollio, and Statilius Corvinus were exiled for a plot hatched with several of Claudius ' own freedmen.

However, Claudius singles out Asiaticus for special damnation in his speech on the Gauls, which dates over a year later, suggesting that the charge must have been much more serious.

Suetonius states that a total of 35 senators and 300 knights were executed for offenses during Claudius ' reign.

The freedmen could also officially speak for the Emperor, as when Narcissus addressed the troops in Claudius ' stead before the conquest of Britain.

Claudius was concerned with the spread of eastern mysteries within the city and searched for more Roman replacements.

Claudius ' love life was unusual for an upper-class Roman of his day, in that he was the only one out of the first 15 emperors not to take men or boys, but only women as lovers.

Claudius later divorced Urgulanilla for adultery and on suspicion of murdering her sister-in-law Apronia.

They also paint him as bloodthirsty and cruel, overly fond of both gladiatorial combat and executions, and very quick to anger ( though Claudius himself acknowledged the latter trait, and apologized publicly for his temper ).

Tacitus uses Claudius ' own arguments for the orthographical innovations mentioned above, and may have used him for some of the more antiquarian passages in his annals.