" This comment is tempered by the comment that the " ill-effects of Clausewitz's teaching arose largely from his disciples ' too shallow and too extreme interpretation of it ," but it remains an influential criticism.

This is well in line with Western military strategy dating at least from Carl von Clausewitz's On War.

He made a distinction between two possible strategies in war: attrition and annihilation ( in German, Ermattungsstrategie and Niederwerfungsstrategie, respectively ), derived from Clausewitz's distinctions between strategies seeking limited objectives and strategies aimed at rendering one's opponent militarily helpless, the latter often confused with the concept of " Total War " ( a term Clausewitz did not use ) advocated by Ludendorff and rejected by Delbrück during WWI.

Later he moved to Yan ' an, where he translated Carl von Clausewitz's classic treatise On War into Chinese, receiving praise from Communist commanders Zhu De and Ye Jianying.

Although most of the confusion over " absolute war " is the result of sloppy reading ( or no reading ) of Clausewitz's actual discussion in Book One of On War ( the only part of Clausewitz's unfinished draft that he considered to be in finished form ), some careful readers point out that there are several references in later sections of the book ( which, somewhat confusingly, are derived from earlier drafts ) to " absolute war " that reflect an earlier conception of such war as simply the more extreme reaches of the forms that Napoleonic warfare had actually achieved.

The " dualism " of Clausewitz's view of war ( i. e., that wars can vary a great deal between the two " poles " he proposed, based on the political objectives of the opposing sides and the context ) seems simple enough, but few commentators have proven willing to accept this crucial variability — they insist that Clausewitz " really " argued for one end of the scale or the other.

Keegan was described as " profoundly mistaken " and Bassford stated that " Nothing anywhere in Keegan's work – despite his many diatribes about Clausewitz and ' the Clausewitzians ' – reflects any reading whatsoever of Clausewitz's own writings.

Clausewitz's trilogies ( albeit used out of context ) are contested by Liddell Hart, who claims in Strategy that a poor choice of words by Clausewitz led his interpreters to overestimate the value of annihilation battles.

Clausewitz's " fascinating trinity " ( wunderliche Dreifaltigkeit ) comprises ( 1 ) a blind impulse, located in the people and their passions, including hate and enmity, ( 2 ) free will, which belongs to the army and its leader and includes chance and probability, and ( 3 ) pure reason, which pertains to the government.

Much of Clausewitz's thinking was based on his experience as a Prussian war planner concerned with how to use popular forces in an insurrectionary struggle against the much-superior French forces which occupied Prussia after 1806 — how, in short, to wage a " Spanish War in Germany.

: a.: For example, writing in his introduction to Sun Tzu's Art of War, B. H. Liddell Hart stated that " Civilization might have been spared much of the damage suffered in the world wars of this century if the influence of Clausewitz's monumental tome On War, which molded European military thought in the era preceding the First World War, had been blended with and balanced by a knowledge of Sun Tzu's exposition on The Art of War.

The first was Clausewitz's On War, which was part of a Special Subject on military history and the theory of war.

Instead of this, Barnett argues that Carl von Clausewitz's " Theory of War " as a continuation of politics still holds true, giving examples such as the Provisional IRA's campaign (" the classic contemporary demonstration of Clausewitzian principles in action ") and Yugoslavia (" where Nato has simply frozen a war which will certainly break out again if and when the intervention forces leave ").

Clausewitz's father was once a lieutenant in the Prussian army and held a minor post in the Prussian internal revenue service.

Under Conner's tutelage, he studied military history and theory ( including Carl von Clausewitz's On War ), and later cited Conner's enormous influence on his military thinking, saying in 1962 that " Fox Conner was the ablest man I ever knew.

Another German strategist of the period was Hans Delbrück who expanded on Clausewitz's concept of " limited warfare " to produce a theory on the " strategy of exhaustion ".

Clausewitz's approach was more theoretical than that of Jomini.

The editor of the archduke's work is able to make but a feeble defense against Clausewitz's reproach that Charles attached more value to ground than to the annihilation of the foe.

His thinking is often described as Hegelian because of his references to dialectical thinking but, although he probably knew Hegel, Clausewitz's dialectic is quite different and there is little reason to consider him a disciple.

" Carl Philipp Gottfried " appears on Clausewitz's tombstone and thus is most likely to be correct.

It clearly contains material written at different stages in Clausewitz's intellectual evolution, producing some significant contradictions between different sections, and the sequence and precise character of that evolution is a source of much debate.

Clausewitz's work is still studied today, demonstrating its continued relevance.

" The second, often treated as Clausewitz's ' bottom line ,' is in fact merely his dialectical antithesis: " War is merely the continuation of policy by other means.

The word " strategy " had only recently come into usage in modern Europe, and Clausewitz's definition is quite narrow: " the use of engagements for the object of war.

* Clausewitz's On War ( 1832 ) (" war is the continuation of politics by other means ")

He cites Clausewitz's dictum that one must strike one's enemy's " center of gravity ", and pairs it with an al Qaeda writer's assertion that " the American economy is the American center of gravity ".

He is credited with having introduced Clausewitz's military theories and the Prussian concept of war games ( kriegspiel ) in a process of refining tactics.

Rather, the Trinity of forces that drive the course of real-world war in Clausewitz's view are 1 ) violent emotion, 2 ) the interplay of chance and probability, and 3 ) political calculations driven by reason.

When friendly persuasion failed to secure their interests, the British were not above ( to borrow Karl von Clausewitz's phrase ) " continuing diplomacy by other means ".

Clausewitz's Christian names are sometimes given in non-German sources as " Carl Philipp Gottlieb " or " Carl Maria ", because of reliance on mistaken source material, conflation with his wife's name, Marie, or mistaken assumptions about German orthography.

Clausewitz's emphasis on the inherent superiority of the defense suggests that habitual aggressors are likely to end up as failures.

In any case, revolutionaries like Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Vladimir Lenin, and Mao Zedong had no trouble adapting Clausewitz's concepts to their own purposes.

Bond talks about the meaning of power with a number of villains in the series and his conversation with Dr. No shows that No believes that it can only be secured with privacy, quoting Clausewitz's first principle.

His family, like many Wallaces, claimed a connection to William Wallace, a Scottish patriot and leader during the Wars of Scottish Independence in the 13th century.

The pro-Ibelin Chronicle of Ernoul later claimed that he was her lover, but it is likely that she and Baldwin IV were attempting to separate him from the political influence of his wife's family.

Confirmation is afforded by English and Danish traditions relating to two kings named Wermund and Offa of Angel, from whom the Mercian royal family claimed descent and whose exploits are connected with Angeln, Schleswig, and Rendsburg.

Danish tradition has preserved record of two governors of Schleswig, father and son, in their service, Frowinus ( Freawine ) and Wigo ( Wig ), from whom the royal family of Wessex claimed descent.

Rav was a descendant of a distinguished Babylonian family which claimed to trace its origin to Shimei, brother of King David ( Sanhedrin 5a ; Ketubot 62b ).

The mother later claimed that her son had watched one of the fire-related segments shortly before he burned down the home, although, according to an article in the March 24, 1994 issue of Rolling Stone, neighbors claimed that the family did not have cable television.

Disraeli's parents were Jews whom he claimed were of Portuguese ancestry, possibly referring to an earlier origin of his family heritage in Iberia prior to the expulsion of Jews in 1492.

In Philip Norman's biography it is stated that his mother's family claimed to be descended from the English navigator Francis Drake.

Defoe later added the aristocratic-sounding " De " to his name and on occasion claimed descent from the family of De Beau Faux.

The terms " Gnosticism " and " Gnosis " refer to a family of religious movements which claimed to possess secret knowledge ( gnosis ).

Belgian journalist Jo Gérard has claimed that a family manuscript dated 1781 recounts that potatoes were deep-fried prior to 1680 in what was then the Spanish Netherlands and is now present-day Belgium, in the Meuse valley: " The inhabitants of Namur, Andenne, and Dinant, had the custom of fishing in the Meuse for small fish and frying, especially among the poor, but when the river was frozen and fishing became hazardous, they cut potatoes in the form of small fish and put them in a fryer like those here ".

Of these, a boson that could be of the larger family of Higgs boson was the last discovered and was claimed as the heaviest boson ever found.

Members of the Fujiwara, Taira, and Minamoto families — all of whom had descended from the imperial family — attacked one another, claimed control over vast tracts of conquered land, set up rival regimes, and generally broke the peace of Japan.

It was from the Sergenesons that Gardner claimed to have discovered a family rumour that his grandfather, Joseph, had been a practicing witch, after being converted to the practice by his mistress.

Caesar was born into a patrician family, the gens Julia, which claimed descent from Iulus, son of the legendary Trojan prince Aeneas, supposedly the son of the goddess Venus.

She claimed to suffer from " excessive mother love ", devoting much time to her family, and insisting on cleanliness within her home.

This was disputed by another branch of the Lusignan family: Maria of Antioch, daughter of Bohemond IV of Antioch and Melisende of Lusignan ( herself a daughter of Isabella I and Amalric II ), claimed the throne as the oldest living relative of Isabella I, but for the moment her claim was ignored.

At her sentencing hearing, Olson's teenage daughter Leila, her pastor, and her husband spoke in her defense, while Olson's mother claimed on the stand that Olson had never been a part of the SLA and spoke against prosecutors and police she asserted had harassed the family.

Grigorije Božović ( 1880-1945 ) claimed that the family were Srbljaci ( natives ) in Vasojevići territory, and Montenegrin historian Miomir Dašić claimed that Karađorđe's family originated from the Gurešići from Podgorica, while folklorist Dragutin Vuković thought Tripko Knežević " Guriš " was Karađorđe's great-grandfather.

Some, including the Byzantine chronicler Theophanes, have claimed that Konon's family had been resettled in Thrace, where he entered the service of Emperor Justinian II, when the latter was advancing on Constantinople with an army of 15, 000 horsemen provided by Tervel of Bulgaria in 705.