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Cleisthenes, however, found himself being politically defeated by a coalition led by Isagoras and decided to change the rules of the game by appealing to the demos ( the people ), in effect making them a new faction in the political arena.
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Cleisthenes and however
On a personal level, Cleisthenes wanted to return to Athens ; however, he also probably wanted to prevent Athens becoming a Spartan client state.
Herodotus does not however, relate exactly what Cleisthenes ' reform was.
Cleisthenes and himself
It is possible that Cleisthenes himself suffered ostracism, for seeking support from the Persians against the Spartans.
Because Hippocleides made a fool of himself by dancing drunkenly in front of Cleisthenes, Megacles was chosen to marry Agariste.
Amyntas, tutor to Lycidas, reports that Megacles has drowned himself, and King Cleisthenes, apprised of the deception, banishes Lycidas.
Cleisthenes and by
It is most usual to date Athenian democracy from Cleisthenes, since Solon's constitution fell and was replaced by the tyranny of Peisistratus, whereas Ephialtes revised Cleisthenes ' constitution relatively peacefully.
Led by Cleisthenes, Athenians established what is generally held as the first democracy in 508-507 BCE.
It is most usual to date Athenian democracy from Cleisthenes, since Solon's constitution fell and was replaced by the tyranny of Peisistratus, whereas Ephialtes revised Cleisthenes ' constitution relatively peacefully.
In 511 BC, the hill of Munichia was fortified by Hippias and four years later Piraeus became a deme of Attica by Cleisthenes.
He was the wealthiest suitor for the daughters of Cleisthenes of Sicyon and was accompanied by a train of 1000 slaves on this occasion.
About a century later, Solon's reforms were further enhanced for even more direct involement of regular citizens by Cleisthenes.
Only after Peisistratus's tyranny and the reforms implemented by Cleisthenes did the local communities lose their independence and succumb to the central government in Athens.
After the collapse of Hippias ' tyranny, Isagoras and Cleisthenes were rivals for power, but Isagoras won the upper hand by appealing to the Spartan king Cleomenes I to help him expel Cleisthenes.
Under the reforms of Cleisthenes enacted in 508 / 7 BC, the boule was expanded to 500 men, 50 men from each of the ten new tribes, also created by Cleisthenes.
Cleisthenes was, at first, opposed by some who felt the curse made the Alcmaeonidae ineligible to rule ; the Spartan king Cleomenes I even turned against Cleisthenes and the latter was briefly exiled once more.
In 497 BC, Artaphernes received an embassy from Athens, probably sent by Cleisthenes, and subsequently advised the Athenians that they should receive back the tyrant Hippias.
The Alcmaeonidae, led by Cleisthenes, bribed the oracle at Delphi to tell the Spartans to assist them, and Cleomenes came to their aid.
Cleomenes also abolished the Boule, a council set up by Cleisthenes, and occupied the Acropolis.
When Hippocleides was informed by Cleisthenes " Oh son of Teisander, you have just danced away your marriage ," his response was οὐ φροντὶς Ἱπποκλείδῃ, (" Hippocleides doesn't care " or " It doesn't matter to Hippocleides ").
This was organized possibly to foster loyalty among the tribes of Attica ( recently created by Cleisthenes ).
Cleisthenes and Isagoras
In the meantime, Cleomenes helped install a pro-Spartan tyranny under Isagoras in Athens, in opposition to Cleisthenes, the leader of the traditionally powerful Alcmaeonidae family, who considered themselves the natural heirs to the rule of Athens.
This tactic succeeded, but the Spartan King, Cleomenes I, returned at the request of Isagoras and so the Cleisthenes, the Alcmaeonids and other prominent Athenian families were exiled from Athens.
However, in the aftermath, the other noble (' eupatrid ') families of Athens rejected Cleisthenes, electing Isagoras as archon, with the support of Cleomenes.
The Athenian people thus overthrew Isagoras, repelled a Spartan attack under Cleomenes, and invited Cleisthenes to return to Athens, to put his plan into action.
Consequently, Cleisthenes left Athens as an exile, and Isagoras was unrivaled in power within the city.
Cleisthenes and the Athenian aristocrat Isagoras then fought each other for control of Athens.
Cleomenes came with an armed force to support Isagoras, and they forced Cleisthenes and the Alcmaeonidae family to go into exile for a second time.
Isagoras, with Cleomenes ' help, expelled Cleisthenes and other members of the Alcmaeonidae family on pretext of the Alcmaeonidaean stain ( see Megacles ).
Cleisthenes ' supporters and the ordinary Athenian citizens revolted against Isagoras ' tyranny, and ended up trapping Isagoras and his Spartan allies on the Acropolis for two days.
Cleisthenes and change
But even Cleisthenes could not bring full change to Athens, and old institutions of the rich aristoi still existed, such as the areopagus.
Cleisthenes reorganized the population into ten tribes, with the aim to change the basis of political organization from the family loyalties to political ones, and improve the army's organization.
Cleisthenes and ),
Solon ( 594 BC ), Cleisthenes ( 508 / 7 BC ), and Ephialtes ( 462 BC ) all contributed to the development of Athenian democracy.
Cleisthenes was thus restored to Athens ( 507 BC ), and at breakneck speed began to reform the state with the aim of securing his position.
The head of the powerful, but exiled ( according to Herodotus only-the fragmentary Archon List for 525 / 4 shows a Cleisthenes, an Alcmaeonid, holding office in Athens during this period ), Alcmaeonid family, Cleisthenes, began to scheme to overthrow Hippias and return to Athens.
Solon ( 594 BC ), Cleisthenes ( 508 / 7 BC ), and Ephialtes ( 462 BC ) all contributed to the development of Athenian democracy.
Cleisthenes also abolished patronymics in favour of demonymics ( a name given according to the deme to which one belongs ), thus increasing Athenians ' sense of belonging to a deme.
Cleisthenes also may have introduced ostracism ( first used in 487 BC ), whereby a vote from more than 6, 000 of the citizens would exile a citizen for 10 years.
Cleisthenes called these reforms isonomia (" equality vis à vis law ", iso = equality ; nomos = law ), instead of demokratia.
The younger son Cleisthenes was allegedly father of Deinomache ( or Dinomache ), mother of Alcibiades ( d. 404 BC ).
According to Herodotus ( 6. 129-130 ), Hippocleides became intoxicated during a dinner party with Cleisthenes, and began to act like a fool ; at one point he stood on his head and kicked his legs in the air, keeping time with the flute music.
The Athenian democracy of Cleisthenes and Pericles, was based on freedom, through the reforms of Solon, and equality ( isonomia ), introduced by Cleisthenes and later expanded by Ephialtes and Pericles.
22, 2 ) definitely states that Pheidon presided at the festival in the 8th Olympiad ( i. e. in 748 BC ), but in the list of the suitors of Agariste, daughter of Cleisthenes of Sicyon, given by Herodotus, there occurs the name of Leokedes or Lakedas, son of Pheidon of Argos.
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