* 1652 – Pope Clement XII ( d. 1740 )

Benedict's successor, Clement XII ( elected 1730 ), named him legate of Ravenna, where he erected the Porta Alberoni ( 1739 ), a magnificent gateway that formerly provided access to the city's dockyards, and has since been moved to the entrance of the Teatro Rasi.

He was soon replaced by another legate in 1740, and he retired to Piacenza, where in 1730 Clement XII appointed him administrator of the hospital of San Lazzaro, a medieval foundation for the benefit of lepers.

In the 16th century Sixtus V bisected Bramante's Cortile del Belvedere with a cross-wing to house the Apostolic Library in suitable magnificence. The 16th and 17th centuries saw other privately endowed libraries assembled in Rome: the Vallicelliana, formed from the books of Saint Filippo Neri, with other distinguished libraries such as that of Cesare Baronio, the Biblioteca Angelica founded by the Augustinian Angelo Rocca, which was the only truly public library in Counter-Reformation Rome ; the Biblioteca Alessandrina with which Pope Alexander VII endowed the University of Rome ; the Biblioteca Casanatense of the Cardinal Girolamo Casanate ; and finally the Biblioteca Corsiniana founded by the bibliophile Clement XII Corsini and his nephew Cardinal Neri Corsini, still housed in Palazzo Corsini in via della Lungara. The Republic of Venice patronized the foundation of the Biblioteca Marciana, based on the library of Cardinal Basilios Bessarion. In Milan Cardinal Federico Borromeo founded the Biblioteca Ambrosiana.

Coscia fled from the city in the circumstance, being excommunicated under the new Pope Clement XII.

Unlike the Cistercian Benedict XII, Clement VI was devoted to lavish living and the treasury which he inherited made that lifestyle possible.

Pope Clement XII ( 7 April 1652 – 6 February 1740 ), born Lorenzo Corsini, was Pope from 12 July 1730 to 6 February 1740.

Clement XII was one of the oldest men to be elected Pope.

Bust of Pope Clement XII by Edme Bouchardon

His first moves as Pope Clement XII were to restore the papal finances.

When the attempt of papal forces to take over the ancient independent Republic of San Marino failed, Clement XII disavowed the arbitrary action of his legate, Cardinal Alberoni, in seizing San Marino, and restored its independence.

* Cardinals created by Clement XII

Most of the wealth accumulated by John XXII and Benedict XII had been lost during the extravagant pontificate of Clement VI.

The process of Innocent's beatification was introduced in 1741 by Benedict XIV and continued by Clement XI and Clement XII ; but French influence and the accusation of Jansenism caused it to be suspended in 1744.

Pope Innocent XII died on 27 September 1700 and was succeeded by Pope Clement XI ( 1700 – 1721 ).

On October 17, 1739, Cardinal Giulio Alberoni, legate ( papal governor ) of Ravenna who in 1739, aiding certain rebels, possibly contrary to the orders of Pope Clement XII, used military force to occupy the country, imposed a new constitution, and endeavored to force the Sanmarinesi to submit to the government of the Papal States.

* July 12 – Pope Clement XII succeeds Pope Benedict XIII as the 246th pope.

* April 7 – Pope Clement XII ( d. 1740 )

* August 17 – Pope Benedict XIV succeeds Pope Clement XII as the 247th pope.

* February 6 – Pope Clement XII ( b. 1652 )

To the north and south of the rock of the Doms, partly on the site of the Bishop's Palace, which had been enlarged by John XXII, was built the Palace of the Popes, in the form of an imposing fortress consisting of towers, linked to each other, and named as follows: De la Campane, de Trouillas, de la Glacière, de Saint-Jean, des Saints-Anges ( Benedict XII ), de la Gâche, de la Garde-Robe ( Clement VI ), de Saint-Laurent ( Innocent VI ).

Popes such as John XXII, Benedict XII and Clement VI reportedly spent fortunes on expensive wardrobe, and at banquets, silver and gold plates were used.

* November 23 – Pope Clement XI succeeds Pope Innocent XII as the 243rd pope.

Clement X, seeing the results of the apostolic labours of the early French missionaries in Canada, the number of the faithful, and the wide field of labour, resolved to give the Church an independent organisation, and erected a see at Quebec, the bishop to depend directly on the Holy See ; this provision would later secure its permanence after Quebec passed into the hands of England.

To Pope Clement X we owe the two beautiful fountains which adorn the Piazza of St. Peter's church near the tribune, where a monument has been erected to his memory.

* The Palazzo della Consulta hosts today the Constitutional Court, and was erected by Ferdinando Fuga for Pope Clement XII directly opposite Palazzo del Quirinale.

In 1733 Pope Clement XII extended the quay, and an inferior imitation of Trajan's arch was set up ; he also erected a Lazaretto at the south end of the harbour, Luigi Vanvitelli being the architect-in-chief.

Moved to the Palazzo Barberini, then moved to the Vatican by Pope Clement XIV ; finally erected on the Pincian by Pope Pius VII in 1822.

In 1731, Pope Clement XII extended to all churches the right to have the stations, provided that a Franciscan father erected them, with the consent of the local bishop.

An obelisk, high, was erected over the grave of Sir George Mackenzie, 1st Earl of Cromartie, near the parish church of St Clement.

Despite protests from Germany as well as some in Britain, the Bomber Harris Trust ( an RAF veterans ' organisation ) erected a statue of him outside the RAF Church of St. Clement Danes in 1992.

To the right of the Basilica's façade is a memorial representing a column in the form of an up-ended cannon barrel topped with a cross: it was erected by Pope Clement VIII to celebrate the end of the French Wars of Religion.

Alongside the tower is the Millennium Cross of St. Clement, one of twelve granite wayside crosses erected to mark the millennium in 2000-2001.

This new congregation was canonically erected by Pope Clement VII in the year 1524.

* The Cathedral of St. Clement, erected in the 4th century over the ruins of an ancient temple.

In 1997, on the patronal feast ( 23 November ), Archbishop Gervais erected St. Clement as a full canonical bilingual indult parish serving the faithful wishing to worship according to the ancient Roman rites.

One of the " free " universities of Italy, it was erected into a studium generale on September 8, 1308, by the Bull " Super specula " of Clement V. A school of arts existed about 1200, in which medicine and law were soon taught, with a strong commitment expressed by official documents of the City Council of Perugia.

Clement then criticizes the simplistic anthropomorphism of most ancient religions, quoting Xenophon's famous description of African, Thracian and Egyptian deities.

The Mar Saba letter was attributed to Clement by Morton Smith, but today it is thought to be either an ancient pseudepigraph or a modern forgery.

In the 3rd century, Origen of Alexandria was the first ancient writer to have a comprehensive reference to Josephus, although some other authors had made smaller, general references to Josephus before then, e. g. Justin Martyr and Irenaeus in the second century, followed by Clement.

Snippets of biographical information are provided by ancient authors as diverse as Tatian, Proclus, Clement of Alexandria, Cicero, Aelian, Plutarch, Galen, Dio Chrysostom, Aelius Aristides and several anonymous authors in the Palatine Anthology.

This allegorical reading was taught not only by ancient followers of Jesus, but it was virtually universal throughout early Christianity, being advocated by Irenaeus, Clement, and Origen, and in the fourth and fifth centuries by Chrysostom in Constantinople, Ambrose in Milan, and Augustine in North Africa.

Other ancient writers who described the hair of the Thracians as red include Hecataeus of Miletus, Galen, Clement of Alexandria, and Julius Firmicus Maternus.

Pope Clement pressed to have the levy paid on the ( more rewarding ) ancient basis of a penny from each household.

with only one other ancient church there dedicated to this saint, namely St Clement Danes, Westminster.

In 1973, Morton Smith ( May 29, 1915 – July 11, 1991 ), a professor of ancient history at Columbia University, claimed to have found a previously unknown letter of Clement of Alexandria in the monastery of Mar Saba on the West Bank transcribed into the endpapers of a 17th-century printed edition of the works of Ignatius of Antioch.

Many scholars who accept the letter as a copy of an ancient manuscript believe that it is not the work of the historical Clement.

On one wall in the courtyard there is a plaque affixed by Pope Clement XI, who praises San Clemente, declaring, " This ancient church has withstood the ravages of the centuries.

The disputes which broke out in the twelfth century between the counts of Provence, who had refortified the ancient " upper town " and the bishops, each of whom were in possession of half the town, were injurious to its prosperity ; they were ended by a treaty negotiated in 1251 by the future pope Clement IV, a native of Saint-Gilles-du-Gard.

The ancient Greek term for emptiness or void ( kenoma ), as pertaining to Theodotus's exegesis of Gospel of John chapter 1 verse 3, is described in The Excerpta ex Theodoto of Clement of Alexandria ( Casey, 1934 ).

Though Clement of Alexandria, Sextus Empiricus, and Diogenes Laertius all quote the same passage from Timon, where Socrates is termed a laxoos or lithoxoos in ancient Greek, Timon's work is polemical and not a serious attempt to transmit literal, historical facts.