In the Middle Ages Antium was deserted in favour of Nettuno: at the end of the 17th century Innocent XII and Clement XI restored the harbour, not on the old site but to the east of it, with the opening to the east, a mistake which leads to its being frequently silted up ; it has a depth of about 5 m. The sea is encroaching slightly at Anzio, but some kilometres farther north-west the old Roman coast-line now lies slightly inland ( see Tiber ).

Since the premiership of Clement Attlee, the position of Lord Privy Seal has frequently been combined with that of Leader of the House of Lords or Leader of the House of Commons.

In the course of their studies, men such as Tatian of Antioch ( flourished in 180 ), Clement of Alexandria ( died before 215 ), Hippolytus of Rome ( died in 235 ), Julius Africanus of Jerusalem ( died after 240 ), Eusebius of Caesarea in Palestine ( 260-340 ), and Pseudo-Justin frequently quoted their predecessors, the Graeco-Jewish biblical chronographers of the Hellenistic period, thereby allowing discernment of more distant scholarship.

Dozens of works followed in the 1870s, including Poll and Partner Joe ( 1871 ), The Miller and His Man ( 1873 ; " a Christmas drawing room extravaganza " with songs by Arthur Sullivan ), Artful Cards ( 1877 ), Proof ( 1878 ), Dora and Diplunacy ( 1878, a burlesque of Clement Scott's Diplomacy, an adaptation of Sardou's Dora ), The Forty Thieves ( 1878 ), Our Club ( 1878 ) and another frequently revived hit, Betsy ( 1879 ).

First, informal changes were made to the order of the various parts of the service and inserting words indicating a sacrificial intent to the Eucharist ; secondly, as a result of Bishop Rattray's researches into the liturgies of St. James and St. Clement, published in 1744, the form of the invocation was changed.

Clement VIII ( 1592 – 1605 ), Cardinal Aldobrandini since 1585, changed the policy and stood against Philip, after his military defeat by the English.

In 1818, the company opened a second store in Cheltenham and in 1851, Clement Freebody became a partner so the name changed again to Debenham & Freebody.

In 1189, by request of Alfonso VIII, Plasencia was declared head of dioceses by Pope Clement III and work on a Romanesque Cathedral started shortly after, concluding sometime in the 18th century, by which time fashions had changed and Gothic elements had been added in the forms of pointed arches to the Nave and a rose window to the main South Entrance, while the cloister, on the East side bordering the city walls, was entirely Gothic.

In 2002, when Republican Senator Fred Thompson stated that he had changed his mind regarding his previous announcement that he would run for a second full term, Clement entered the Democratic primary for Thompson's seat.

" On June 11, 1851, the boundary was changed to " commencing at the township line between Massie and Wayne, where it crosses Clement Reed's survey, thence running in a northeastern direction on the back line of the river survey, to the corner of Richard Anderson's survey, and thence on the southwest line of said survey to Caesars Creek, thence up said creek to the Clinton County line, and the part taken from Massie township to be attached to Wayne, where it formerly belonged.

It was in a library in Concord, New Hampshire, where he found W. Clement Stone's classic, Success Through a Positive Mental Attitude, a book that changed Mandino for the better.

He also traveled to Rome and Paris, where he forged alliances with Pope Clement VIII and the French King Henry IV.

Although Emlyn Hooson held on to the seat of Montgomeryshire, upon Clement Davies death in 1962, the party lost its other Welsh five Welsh seats between 1950 and 1966.

* Some see parallels between James and 1 Peter, 1 Clement, and the Shepherd of Hermas and take this to reflect the socio-economic situation Christians were dealing with in the late 1st or early 2nd century.

In 1343 the interval between Holy Years was reduced by Pope Clement VI to fifty years.

Wells further states that differences between the Josephus account and those of Hegesippus and Clement of Alexandria may point to interpolations in the James passage.

He was sent to England in 1265 by Pope Clement IV to mediate between King Henry III of England and his barons, and to preach the Crusades.

Shortly after his accession at the conclusion of the papal election of December 1187, Clement succeeded in allaying the conflict which had existed for half a century between the Popes and the citizens of Rome, with an agreement by which the citizens were allowed to elect their magistrates, while the nomination of the governor of the city remained in the hands of the Pope.

Clement VIII presided at the conferences to determine the questions of grace and free will, controverted between the Jesuits and Dominicans, were commenced under him, but he abstained from pronouncing a decision.

In 1598 Clement VIII won more credit for the papacy by bringing about a definite treaty of peace between Spain and France in the Peace of Vervins which put an end to their long contest, and he negotiated peace between France and Savoy as well.

Nothing remarkable occurred under Clement IX's short administration beyond the temporary adjustment of the disputes between the Holy See and those prelates of the Gallican Church who had refused to join in condemning the writings of Jansen.

The dispute between the temporal and the spiritual Catholic authorities was perceived as a threat by Church authority, and Clement XIV worked towards the reconciliation of the European sovereigns.

Lotario is commonly identified as the nephew of Pope Clement III, an error arising from the similarity between Clement's family name, Scolari, with that of Scotti, the noble Roman family of Lotario's mother, Clarice.

For a period of seven years — between 886 and 893 — Clement taught some 3, 500 disciples in the Slavonic language and the Glagolitic alphabet.

He twice excommunicated Henry, who in the end appointed Antipope Clement III to oppose him in the political power struggles between the Catholic Church and his empire.

Under the Constitution of the United Kingdom, the Prime Minister's role has evolved, based often on the individual's personal appeal and strength of character, as contrasted between, for example, Winston Churchill as against Clement Attlee, Margaret Thatcher as against John Major.

The death of Pope Clement V in 1314 was followed by an interregnum of two years due to disagreements between the cardinals, who were split into two factions.

These provisions were later strengthened by Clement VII and Paul III and went far to settle the constant disputes between the Latins and Uniate Greeks.

King Louis XV, dissatisfied with Clement XIII's action in regard to the Duke of Parma, occupied the Papal States from 1768 to 1774 and substituted French institutions for those in force with the approval of the people of Avignon ; a French party grew up which, after the sanguinary massacres of La Glacière between the adherents of the Papacy and the Republicans ( 16 – 17 October 1791 ), carried all before it, and induced the Constituent Assembly to decree the union of Avignon and the Comtat ( comital district ) Venaissin with France on 14 September 1791.

Following the strife between Boniface VIII and Philip IV of France, and the death after only eight months of his successor Benedict XI, a deadlocked conclave finally elected Clement V, a Frenchman, as Pope in 1305.

On 11 July 1346, in consequence of an alliance between his father and Pope Clement VI, relentless enemy of the emperor Louis IV, Charles was chosen as Roman king in opposition to Louis by some of the prince-electors at Rhens.

* September 1 – Pope Gregory X succeeds Pope Clement IV as the 184th pope, as the compromise candidate between French and Italian cardinals, ending a 3-year conclave, the longest ever.

While 2 Clement has been traditionally ascribed to Clement, most scholars believe that 2 Clement was written in the 2nd century based on the doctrinal themes of the text and a near match between words in 2 Clement and in the Greek Gospel of the Egyptians.

On Palm Sunday, 1084, Henry IV solemnly enthroned Clement at St. Peter ’ s Basilica and on Easter Day, Clement returned the favor and crowned Henry IV as Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.

Clement engaged intermittently in communications with the Mongol Empire towards the possibility of creating a Franco-Mongol alliance against the Muslims.

In 1595, Clement VIII initiated an alliance of Christian European powers to take part in the war with the Ottoman Empire, fought mainly in Hungary, which would become known as " The Long War " and would continue past Clement's own lifetime.

Ever since the 2nd century, some bishoprics in the Eastern Roman Empire had counted years from the birth of Christ, but there was no agreement on the correct epoch — Clement of Alexandria () and Eusebius of Caesarea () wrote about these attempts.

It was in the Annales that Baronius coined the term " Dark Age " in the Latin form saeculum obscurum, to refer to the period between the end of the Carolingian Empire in 888 and the first inklings of the Gregorian Reform under Clement II in 1046.

In 1526, Pope Clement VII, alarmed at the growing power of the Empire, formed the League of Cognac against Charles V, allying himself, the Republic of Venice, Republic of Florence, and a number of smaller Italian states with France.

The papal bull ‘ In supremae dignitatis ', granted by Pope Clement VI on September 3, 1343, recognized the ‘ Studium ' of Pisa as a ‘ Studium Generale '; an institution of further education founded or confirmed by a universal authority, the Papacy or Empire.

Pope Clement VII had given his support to the Kingdom of France in an attempt to alter the balance of power in the region, and free the Papacy from what many considered to be ' Imperial domination ' by the Holy Roman Empire ( and the Habsburg dynasty ).

On 6 June, Clement VII surrendered, and agreed to pay a ransom of 400, 000 ducati in exchange for his life ; conditions included the cession of Parma, Piacenza, Civitavecchia and Modena to the Holy Roman Empire ( however, only the latter could be occupied in fact ).

The War of the League of Cognac ( 1526 – 30 ) was fought between the Habsburg dominions of Charles V — primarily Spain and the Holy Roman Empire — and the League of Cognac, an alliance including France, Pope Clement VII, the Republic of Venice, England, the Duchy of Milan and Republic of Florence.

Since very little is actually known about his life, the book fills in the historical episodes, placing Leo in the company of many of the key historical figures of his time, including three popes, ( Leo X, Adrian VI, and Pope Clement VII ), two Ottoman emperors ( Selim I and Suleiman the Magnificent ), with appearances by Boabdil ( the last Moorish king of Granada ), Askia Mohammad I of the Songhai Empire, Ferdinand of Spain, and Francis I of France, as well as the artist Raphael and other key political and cultural figures of the period.