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Clifford Cocks, an English mathematician working for the UK intelligence agency GCHQ, described an equivalent system in an internal document in 1973, but given the relatively expensive computers needed to implement it at the time, it was mostly considered a curiosity and, as far as is publicly known, was never deployed.
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Clifford and Cocks
Early in the 1970s, the asymmetric key algorithm was invented by staff member Clifford Cocks, a mathematics graduate: this fact was kept secret until 1997.
In 1997, it was publicly disclosed that asymmetric key algorithms were developed by James H. Ellis, Clifford Cocks, and Malcolm Williamson at the Government Communications Headquarters ( GCHQ ) in the UK in 1973.
Clifford Cocks, an English mathematician, had developed an equivalent system in 1973, but it was classified until 1997.
Clifford Cocks •
Another approach to identity-based encryption was proposed by Clifford Cocks in 2001.
* 1973-RSA encryption algorithm discovered by Clifford Cocks
Clifford Christopher Cocks, CB, ( born 28 December 1950
As of 2003, Clifford Cocks held the post of Chief Mathematician at GCHQ.
* Clifford Cocks, An Identity Based Encryption Scheme Based on Quadratic Residues., Cryptography and Coding, 8th IMA International Conference, 2001, pp360 – 363.
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* Asymmetric key algorithms for public-key cryptography developed by James H. Ellis, Clifford Cocks and Malcolm Williamson at the United Kingdom Government Communications Headquarters.
Shortly after joining GCHQ in September 1973, after studying Mathematics at Cambridge University, Clifford Cocks was told of Ellis ' proof and that no one had been able to figure out a way to implement it.
On 18 December 1997, Clifford Cocks delivered a public talk which contained a brief history of GCHQ's contribution so that Ellis, Cocks and Williamson received some acknowledgment after nearly three decades of secrecy.
Other Old Mancunians are John Charles Polanyi ( 1929 -) who won the 1986 Nobel Prize for Chemistry, the actors Ben Kingsley, Robert Powell and more recently Ashley Margolis, the historian Michael Wood, the concert organist Daniel Moult, the comic Chris Addison, and cryptographers Clifford Cocks and Malcolm J. Williamson.
* Clifford Cocks
Clifford and English
* 1630 – Thomas Clifford, 1st Baron Clifford of Chudleigh, English politician ( d. 1673 )
* 1599 – Nine Years ' War: Battle of Curlew Pass – Irish forces led by Hugh Roe O ' Donnell successfully ambush English forces, led by Sir Conyers Clifford, sent to relieve Collooney Castle.
However, the Cabal Ministry they formed can hardly be seen as such ; the Scot Lauderdale was not much involved in English governance at all, while the Catholic ministers of the Cabal ( Clifford and Arlington ) were never much in sympathy with the Protestants ( Buckingham and Ashley ).
The Oxford English Dictionary refers to " Messrs. the Great Unwashed " in Lytton's Paul Clifford ( 1830 ), as the earliest instance.
* August 1 – Thomas Clifford, 1st Baron Clifford of Chudleigh, English statesman ( d. 1673 )
* January 30 – Lady Anne Clifford, English noblewoman ( d. 1676 )
* October 17 – Thomas Clifford, 1st Baron Clifford of Chudleigh, English statesman ( b. 1630 )
The algebraic structure represented by the Dirac matrices had been created some 50 years earlier by the English mathematician W. K. Clifford.
They are named after the English geometer William Kingdon Clifford.
Byrd's last collection of English songs was Psalms, Songs and Sonnets, published in 1611 ( when Byrd was over 70 ) and dedicated to Francis Clifford, 4th Earl of Cumberland, who later also received the dedication of Thomas Campion's First Book of Songs in 1615.
The idea of the work was suggested to Holst by Clifford Bax, who introduced him to astrology when the two were part of a small group of English artists holidaying in Majorca in the spring of 1913 ; Holst became quite a devotee of the subject, and liked to cast his friends ' horoscopes for fun.
In the meantime, another English cavalry force under Robert Clifford and Henry de Beaumont skirted the Scottish position to the east and rode towards Stirling, advancing as far as St. Ninians.
In 1891, the singer and banjoist Clifford Essex returned from France enamored of the Pierrots he had seen there and resolved to create a troupe of English Pierrot entertainers.
( Currenting being edited and translated into English by Clifford J. Rogers )
Pemberton was born to James Clifford Pemberton ( born 1803 in North Carolina ) and Martha L. Gant ( born 1803 in Virginia ), both of English descent.
Rosamund Clifford ( before 1150 – c. 1176 ), often called " The Fair Rosamund " or the " Rose of the World ", was famed for her beauty and was a mistress of King Henry II of England, famous in English folklore.
It featured a performance of Albert Herring by the English Opera Group ; Britten's newly-written Saint Nicolas, op. 42 ; and performances by Clifford Curzon and the Zorian String Quartet.
In 1689 he was summoned to the English House of Lords through a writ of acceleration in his father's junior title of Baron Clifford of Lanesborough.
Mark Clifford Thomas ( born 11 April 1963 ) is an English comedian, presenter, political activist and reporter from south London.
Later, he and his brother Clifford served as pilots aboard English blockade runners.
Clifford and mathematician
* husband and wife William Kingdon Clifford, mathematician and philosopher, and Lucy Lane Clifford, novelist and journalist
William Kingdon Clifford FRS ( 4 May 1845 – 3 March 1879 ) was an English mathematician and philosopher.
* William Kingdon Clifford, British mathematician and philosopher
A line from " Clifford's Credo " by the 19th Century British mathematician and philosopher William Kingdon Clifford perhaps best describes the premise of freethought: " It is wrong always, everywhere, and for anyone, to believe anything upon insufficient evidence.
She married the mathematician and philosopher William Kingdon Clifford in 1875.
Hestenes emphasizes the important role of the mathematician Hermann Grassmann for the development of geometric algebra, with William Kingdon Clifford building on Grassmann's work.
In the 19th century, the mathematician William Kingdon Clifford, an early proponent of Darwinism, devoted some writings to uprooting obscurantism in England, after hearing clerics — who privately agreed with him about evolution — publicly denounce evolution as un – Christian.
Marcel Riesz (, ; 16 November 1886 – 4 September 1969 ) was a Hungarian-born mathematician, known for work on summation methods, potential theory, and other parts of analysis, as well as number theory, partial differential equations, and Clifford algebras.
Clifford Ambrose Truesdell III ( February 18, 1919 – January 14, 2000 ) was an American mathematician, natural philosopher, and historian of science.
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