Climate forecasting is a way by some scientists are using to predict climate change.

Climate scientists predict that increasing temperatures will mean wetter winters and more snow at the high elevations.

Climate change became a major issue for governments, populations and scientists.

Climate scientists such as James E. Hansen hypothesize that methane clathrates in the permafrost regions will be released as a result of global warming, unleashing powerful feedback forces which may cause runaway climate change that cannot be controlled.

In 2007, more than 20 PNNL scientists were recognized for their contributions to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ( IPCC ) that received the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize in equal parts with former Vice President Al Gore.

Measurements from the Spectral Irradiance Monitor on NASA's Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment show that solar UV output is more variable over the course of the solar cycle than scientists had previously thought, resulting in, for example, colder winters in the US and southern Europe and warmer winters in Canada and northern Europe during solar minima.

The European Academy for Environmental Affairs ( also known as: European Academy of Environmental Affairs, is a private organization which gave its label for the Leipzig Declaration on Global Climate Change, a SEPP-initiated document in which some scientists argue against global warming theories.

Climate scientists have debated carbon dioxide's role in global warming for over a decade, with most voices ( though notably fewer within the US ) calling it the biggest factor, while others call it negligible.

Upon his death in 2010, UNESCO-IHE described him as a " towering figure and pioneer in hydrology " whilst the Chancellor of the NUI, Dr. Maurice Manning, described him as " that rare phenomenon in Irish life, a public intellectual whose life was devoted, without posture, to the public service .” Professor John Sweeney who was one of the scientists as part of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change honoured with the Nobel Peace Prize in 2007 described him as " perhaps one of the most important, prolific and distinguished scientists of the past generation.

He witnessed first-hand the phenomenal growth in climate change awareness: " At that first conference the attendance was almost exclusively made up of scientists and engineers whereas, when the second World Climate Conference took place in 1990, the scientists and engineers were joined by a strong contingent of politicians, a sign that interest in the issues had broadened considerably.

He has also criticized the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change as a group of politicized scientists with one-sided opinions and one-sided assignments.

Prof. Dr. Wolfang Sachs, one of the best-known scientists of the Wuppertal Institute, member of the Club of Rome and lead author at the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ( IPCC ), directed the study “ Sustainable Germany in a Globalised World ”.

At the 2003 World Climate Change Conference he asked ten questions on climate change, which were allegedly answered by attending scientists during the course of the conference.

NSIDC scientists participate in International Union of Geophysics and Geodetics ( IUGG ), International Association of Cryospheric Scientists ( IACS ), and in activities of the International Permafrost Association ( IPA ), the Global Digital Sea Ice Data Bank ( GDSIDB ), and the World Climate Research Programme ( WCRP ), including Climate and Cryosphere ( CliC ), Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment ( GEWEX ), the Global Climate Observing System ( GCOS ), and the Global Earth Observation System of Systems ( GEOSS ).

In 1980, a group of scientists led by Swedish meteorologist Bert Bolin set up an international programme, the World Climate Research Programme ( WCRP ), to determine whether the climate was changing, whether climate could be predicted and whether humans were in some way responsible for the change.

Working under the broad themes of Climate, Atmosphere, and Oceans, NOAA scientists study the ocean's depths and the highest reaches of space.

The NGRIP project was run by an international consortium of scientists, and drilling and logistics were managed by what is now called Centre for Ice and Climate at the Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.

This climate may be a kind of more severe Cold Oceanic Climate, with a low summer average but mild winters, sometimes above, especially near lakes, or a more severe Cold Continental Climate, with a very low winter average.

Karl Marx took an interest in Fraas's work, writing to Engels on 25 March 1868 that he found Fraas's 1847 work Climate and the Vegetable World throughout the Ages, a History of Both " very interesting, especially as proving that climate and flora have changed in historic times ".

* Climate: Data and charts for world and US locations

Some US colleges are now going green by signing the " President's Climate Commitment ," a document that a college President can sign to enable said colleges to practice environmentalism by switching to solar power, etc.

He was invited and then trained with former US Vice President Al Gore as a Climate Change Presenter ( now named Climate Reality ), launched Clean up the World Day with The UN in New York, and is an Ambassador for Greenpeace, Australian Conservation Foundation, Planet Ark and National Tree Day.

The scientific consensus is reflected in, for example, reports by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ( IPCC ) and US Global Change Research Program.

It developed both the Climate Neutral Certification and Climate Cool brand name with key stakeholders such as the US EPA, The Nature Conservancy, Rocky Mountain Institute, Conservation International, and the World Resources Institute and succeeded in enrolling the 2002 Winter Olympics to compensate for its associated greenhouse gas emissions.

The National Climate Assessment ( NCA ) is a large-scale national project that is conducted under the auspices of the Global Change Research Act of 1990, and is one of the many activities of the US Global Change Research Program ( USGCRP ), a program which coordinates and integrates federal research on changes in the global environment and their implications for society.

* August 28-The US Governors of New England agree with the Quebec and Atlantic Canadian premiers to the Climate Change Action Plan 2001.

* EPA Climate Protection Award, 1st Place, US Environmental Protection Agency ( 2008 );

NCDC maintains the US Climate Reference Network datasets amongst a vast number of other climate monitoring products.

Examples are the European Commission, the White House Office of Management and Budget, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and US Environmental Protection Agency.

Shepherdstown, WV-A student won an election on the town council which was “ a huge role in fighting gentrification as well as signing the town onto the US Mayors ' Climate Protection Agreement ”

These measurements came from the US space agency's GRACE ( Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment ) satellite, launched in 2002, as reported by BBC.

He was Chairman of the New Jersey State Investment Council and President of the Robert F. Kennedy Center for Justice and Human Rights Leadership Council. He is a member of the executive committee of the board of directors of the Alliance for Climate Protection an advisory board member for the Toigo Foundation and a Senior Advisor for BSE US Bank Opportunity Fund.

In June 2002 he wrote a memo to Philip Cooney, which Greenpeace later obtained, outlining their strategy for dealing with what Ebell saw as problems caused by the Climate Action Report 2002, which the US government had submitted to the UN.

* Climate Diagnostics Center ( in the US )

* Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory ( CMDL ) ( in the US )

Business Climate Reform ( BCR ), US International Development Agency.

In 2007, HSBC announced that The Climate Group, along with WWF, Earthwatch, and the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, would be a partner in the HSBC Climate Partnership, and donated US $ 100 million to fund joint work-the largest-ever single corporate philanthropic donation to the environment.

Another large research project funded by the US government in the 1970s and 1980s was Climate: Long range Investigation, Mapping, and Prediction or CLIMAP, which to a large degree succeeded in its aim of producing a map of the global climate at the Last Glacial Maximum, some 18, 000 years ago, with some of the research also directed at the climate some 120, 000 years ago, during the last interglacial.

Climate change is thought to have led to the emigration of Chacoans and the eventual abandonment of the canyon, beginning with a 50-year drought in 1130.

It was intended to have a companion spacecraft known as Mars Surveyor 2001 Lander, but the lander mission was canceled in May 2000 following the failures of Mars Climate Orbiter and Mars Polar Lander in late 1999.

Climate models have been developed that feature a resolution comparable to older weather prediction models.

The Medieval Warm Period ( MWP ), Medieval Climate Optimum, or Medieval Climatic Anomaly was a time of warm climate in the North Atlantic region, that may also have been related to other climate events around the world during that time, including in China, and other countries lasting from about AD 950 to 1250.

Measures taken to achieve this have included the creation of the London Climate Change Agency, the London Energy Partnership and the founding of the international Large Cities Climate Leadership Group.

They have multiple research programs called " Climate Change and Caterpillars " geared to understanding how they protect themselves and respond to changes in their habitats.

The Stern Review on the Economics Of Climate Change says " Climate change presents a unique challenge for economics: it is the greatest example of market failure we have ever seen.

In the 1995 study Klimafolgen für Mensch und Küste am Beispiel der Nordseeinsel Sylt ( Climate impact for Man and Shores as seen on the North Sea island Sylt ) it reads: " Hätte Sylt nicht das Image einer attraktiven Ferieninsel, gäbe es den Küstenschutz in der bestehenden Form gewiss nicht " ( If Sylt did not have the image of an attractive holiday island, coastal management in its current form would certainly not exist ).

* Climate changes of 535 – 536 CE have been linked to the effects of a volcanic eruption, possibly at Krakatoa.

Though prison was not something she would have chosen, she said, " It was still lovely to wake up in the morning and feel that one was lovely ," when she compared her lot to the other women incarcerated at Holloway ( Oswald Mosley later mentioned this to Diana's sister Nancy, who in turn included the line in her novel, Love in a Cold Climate ).

Sununu opposed the Climate Stewardship Act of 2003, which would have also created a cap-and-trade program.

The mountain lands around 2000 metres have a Cold Oceanic Climate ( Cfc ).

Areas between 2000 metres and 3500 metres usually have a Tundra Climate ( ET ).

Above 3500 metres, all the months have an average temperature below freezing, and we find a Perpetual Frost Climate ( EF ).

These assessments have largely followed or endorsed the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ( IPCC ) position of January 2001 which states:

Climate change, agricultural and urban infrastructure water use, and dams producing hydroelectricity, have all combined to reduce the flow of the South Saskatchewan River by 70 %.

Many Global Climate Models ( GCMs ) have sea ice implemented in their numerical simulation scheme in order to capture the Ice-albedo feedback correctly.

Few companies have actually attained Climate Neutral Certification, applying to a rigorous review process and establishing that they have achieved absolute net zero or better impact on the world's climate.

Monthly maps and anomalies have been published in the monthly Climate Diagnostic Bulletin since 2001, and are used routinely to monitor ENSO and to test prediction models.

Climate change is starting to have major impacts on ecosystems.