Cloisonné also refers to a pin type in which crushed minerals and pigments are used to create coloring on a pin.

Cloisonné inlays on gold of carnelian, feldspar, garnet, turquoise, lapis lazuli.

Cloisonné is an ancient technique for decorating metalwork objects, in recent centuries using vitreous enamel, and in older periods also inlays of cut gemstones, glass, and other materials.

Cloisonné wire is made from fine Silver or fine Gold and is usually about. 010 x. 040 inches in cross section.

Cloisonné enamel plaque, Byzantine Empire, ca.

* Cloisonné, French for " cell ", where thin wires are applied to form raised barriers, which contain different areas of ( subsequently applied ) enamel.

Cloisonné enamel objects are worked on with enamel powder made into a paste, which then needs to be fired in a kiln.

Cloisonné first developed in the jewellery of the ancient Near East, typically in very small pieces such as rings, with thin wire forming the cloisons.

* An Interview with Contemporary Enamel Artist Laura Zell Demonstrating Basic Cloisonné Techniques

1990-1993 Infiniti Q45 ( with Cloisonné front insignia

* Vos, F., et al., Meiji, Japanese Art in Transition, Ceramics, Cloisonné, Lacquer, Prints, Organized by the Society for Japanese Art and Crafts ,'s-Gravenhage, the Netherlands, Gemeentemuseum, 1987.

* Kırmızı Burcu, Colomban Philippe, Béatrice Quette, On-site Analysis of Chinese Cloisonné Enamels from 15th to 19th century, Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 41 ( 2010 ) 780-790. http :// onlinelibrary. wiley. com / doi / 10. 1002 / jrs. 2516 / abstract

* Chinese Cloisonné, Department of Asian Art, in Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History.

The Q45's use of a Cloisonné insignia instead of a conventional grille also caused buyers to shy away because of its unconventional appearance, and may have been influenced from the first generation Ford Taurus, the 1993 update featured a more conventional appearance including a more traditional appearing grille, woodgrain / chrome interior trim and cushy seats.

The popularity of pršut has helped it spread to other regions of Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and other surrounding countries.

The numeral system and the zero concept, developed by the Hindus in India slowly spread to other surrounding countries due to their commercial and military activities with India.

The " pit " or " box " itself is simply a container for storing the sand so that it does not spread outward across lawns or other surrounding surfaces.

Copernican heliocentrism | Model of the Copernican universe by Thomas Digges in 1576, with the amendment that the stars are no longer confined to a sphere, but spread uniformly throughout the space surrounding the planet s.

Here the groundwork for the gathering was prepared: the establishment of Arab cadres, recruited or imported from surrounding countries to spread the revolution, and provision of headquarters for such groups as the Islamic Front for the Liberation of Bahrain, the Iraqi Shi ' a movement, and Philippine Moro, Kuwaiti, Saudi, North African and Lebanese militant clerics.

* Pattern disruption — in a monoculture, pest spread from one plant to the next, is interrupted by any surrounding plants.

Magliocco ( 2002 ) suggests that the legends surrounding this figure, known as Aradia, Arada or Araja, spread throughout various areas of Italy, and she traced records that showed that two being known as s ' Araja dimoniu ( Araja the demon ) and s ' Araja justa ( Araja the just ) were found in Sardinia.

At times the usually calm waters surge from low banks and spread over the Valley, enveloping and ravishing the rich surrounding lands.

Over time, the urban area has spread into the surrounding townlands.

Urban spread of south London, and surrounding villages growing into towns, had by now enclosed Croydon Airport and left it with no room for further expansion, and it would soon be too small to meet evident travel demands.

Sugar cane fields spread across the Cecilia surrounding area.

Wet vegetation limited spread of the fire, but fuel covered trees were completely consumed and the five acre hillside wreckage field was discernible for years amid the surrounding forest.

However, with the rise of Castile as a power, and its absorption of all surrounding regions into an ever-growing empire that eventually spread to the New World, the term España was eventually equated with the peninsular territories ruled by the Crown.

Similar to surrounding communities, Selden has a number of shopping centers along Middle Country Road, which developed as suburban growth spread eastward.

The College archives possess a letter detailing the club's celebrations from the sub-librarian of the Bodleian Library, who spent the night on the scaffolding surrounding the work on the Old Schools Tower, directly opposite the Hertford gate, in case the fire spread to the library.

In the decades following the Civil War, single-family residential development gradually spread over the low hills surrounding the village center.

The gas cloud was composed mainly of materials denser than the surrounding air, stayed close to the ground and spread outwards through the surrounding community.

Due to the special nature of the blood supply to the human nose and surrounding area, it is possible ( although very rare ) for retrograde infections from the nasal area to spread to the brain.

Byzantine domes and techniques of religious architecture spread to the surrounding Christian nations, such as Georgia and Armenia.

Further, the revolt had spread to the surrounding provinces by the end of August.

Picnickers spread blankets on the surrounding grassy expanse between three reflecting pools and flat cemetery markers, which were a new concept at the time.

In New Zealand, where it was introduced on both the main islands, the Song Thrush quickly established itself and spread to surrounding islands such as the Kermadecs, Chatham and Auckland Islands.

Because of agriculture, los colonieros have spread around the grounds surrounding the valley when it started the boom in coffee exploitation.

In 1930, Le Boulanger described it as ‘ a large and beautiful city protected by wide moats and forts occupying the surrounding hills and the opulence of the sixty-two pagodas and their stupas, of which the flanks concealed treasures, obtained the capital a fame that spread fear wide and far .”

Disputes that had been confined to the Church of England could be dealt with legislatively in that realm, but as the Communion spread out into new nations and disparate cultures, such controversies multiplied and intensified.

AA membership has since spread " across diverse cultures holding different beliefs and values ", including geopolitical areas resistant to grassroot movements.

According to Needham, though there is no way of answering the question of whether the crossbow first arose among the cultures neighboring ancient China before the rise of Chinese culture in their midst, or whether it spread outwards from China to all the environing peoples, the former seems the more probable hypothesis given linguistic evidence, which posits that the Chinese word for ' crossbow ' came from an Austroasiatic language.

The world of Glorantha has various cultures analogous to Earth spread over two major landmasses and a widespread archipelago.

Neolithic Europe lasted for 4000 years, overlapping with metal-using cultures that gradually spread throughout the continent.

As the music has developed and spread around the world it has drawn on many different national, regional and local musical cultures giving rise, since its early 20th century American beginnings, to many distinctive styles: New Orleans jazz dating from the early 1910s, big band swing, Kansas City jazz and Gypsy jazz from the 1930s and 1940s, bebop from the mid-1940s and on down through West Coast jazz, cool jazz, avant-garde jazz, Afro-Cuban jazz, modal jazz, free jazz, Latin jazz in various forms, soul jazz, jazz fusion and jazz rock, smooth jazz, jazz-funk, punk jazz, acid jazz, ethno jazz, jazz rap, cyber jazz, Indo jazz, M-Base, nu jazz, urban jazz and other ways of playing the music.

Their shipbuilding methods spread through extensive contact with other cultures, and ships from the 11th and 12th centuries are known to borrow many of the longships ’ design features, despite the passing of many centuries.

The spread and success of Manichaeism were seen as a threat to other religions, and it was widely persecuted in Hellenistic, Christian, Zoroastrian, Islamic, and Buddhist cultures.

Propaganda can be defined as the ability " to produce and spread fertile messages that, once sown, will germinate in large human cultures .” However, in the 20th century, a “ new ” propaganda emerged, which revolved around political organizations and their need to communicate messages that would “ sway relevant groups of people in order to accommodate their agendas ”.

Eventually the concept of the " prefecture system " would spread to other cultures such as Korea and Japan.

According to Grove Music Online, " Western-derived pop styles, whether coexisting with or marginalizing distinctively local genres, have spread throughout the world and have come to constitute stylistic common denominators in global commercial music cultures ".

Sierra Leone's dense tropical rainforest partly isolated it from other precolonial African cultures and from the spread of Islam.

Tattooing has been practiced for centuries in many cultures spread throughout the world, particularly those found in Asia.

Buddhism was also spread and encouraged throughout the empire, uniting the varied peoples and cultures of China.

Fairy tales with very similar plots, characters, and motifs are found spread across many different cultures.

The origins of choral music are found in traditional music, as singing in big groups is extremely widely spread in traditional cultures ( both singing in one part, or in unison, like in Ancient Greece, as well as singing in parts, or in harmony, like in contemporary European choral music ).

The Andronovo culture over the next few centuries spread across the steppes from the Urals to the Tien Shan, likely corresponding to early Indo-Iranian cultures.

From its initial public announcement, Murphy's law quickly spread to various technical cultures connected to aerospace engineering.

As Buddhism spread from India it was assimilated into many foreign cultures, and consequently Vesākha is celebrated in many different ways all over the world.

It is a part of the culture of China and had its origin there ; eventually it spread to other cultures and societies.

Phoenician became one of the most widely used writing systems, spread by Phoenician merchants across the Mediterranean world, where it was assimilated by many other cultures and evolved.

In Southwest Asia, Neolithic cultures appear soon after 10000 BC, initially in the Levant ( Pre-Pottery Neolithic A and Pre-Pottery Neolithic B ) and from there spread eastwards and westwards.

Due to the cultural impact of Arab civilization, and especially through the spread of Islam, the word has gained currency as a religious term or general honorific in many other parts of the world as well, notably in Muslim cultures in Africa and Asia.

In the context of the entry of Germanic into the region, Einar Østmo emphasizes that the Atlantic and North Sea coastal regions of Scandinavia, and the circum-Baltic areas were united by a vigorous maritime economy, permitting a far wider geographical spread and a closer cultural unity than interior continental cultures could attain.

Crane mythology is widely spread and can be found in areas such as the Aegean, South Arabia, China, Korea, Japan and in the Native American cultures of North America.