Subsequently, with the passage of the Civil Code of Lower Canada in 1866, Quebec's civil law became entirely statute based, using the civil law system for matters within provincial jurisdiction.

Uniquely among U. S. states, Louisiana uses a codified system, the Louisiana Civil Code, based on principles of law from continental Europe instead of common law.

( Most notably, in the case Li v. Yellow Cab Co., 13 Cal. 3d 804 ( 1975 ), the California Supreme Court adopted the principle of comparative negligence in the face of a California Civil Code provision codifying the traditional common-law doctrine of contributory negligence.

Examples of common law being replaced by statute or codified rule in the United States include criminal law ( since 1812, U. S. courts have held that criminal law must be embodied in statute if the public is to have fair notice ), commercial law ( the Uniform Commercial Code in the early 1960s ) and procedure ( the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure in the 1930s and the Federal Rules of Evidence in the 1970s ).

The Code of Justinian, in The Civil Law.

The Austrian Code of Civil Procedure ( Zivilprozessordnung – ZPO ) does not provide for a special proceeding for complex class action litigation.

Dutch law allows associations ( verenigingen ) and foundations ( stichtingen ) to bring a so-called collective action on behalf of other persons, provided they can represent the interests of such persons according to their by-laws ( statuten ) ( section 3: 305a Dutch Civil Code ).

Such settlement can be declared binding for all injured parties by the Amsterdam Court of Appeal ( section 7: 907 Dutch Civil Code ).

* Legrand, Pierre ( 1997 ) ' Against a European Civil Code ', Modern Law Review 60: 44-63.

* Civil and Commercial Code, the civil code of Thailand

For example, United States Civil Code 18 USC §§ 2520 provides for statutory damages to victims of various wiretapping offences.

The Code of Civil Procedure does, however, lay down Danish as the language of the courts.

In Russia, under chapter 54 of the Civil Code ( passed 1996 ), franchise agreements are invalid unless written and registered, and franchisors cannot set standards or limits on the prices of the franchisee's goods.

California, on the other hand, operates under the Civil Discovery Act of 1986 ( a revision of an older 1957 act ), which is codified in the California Code of Civil Procedure.

Perhaps the first instrument of modern public international law was the Lieber Code, passed in 1863 by the Congress of the United States, to govern the conduct of US forces during the United States Civil War and considered to be the first written recitation of the rules and articles of war, adhered to by all civilized nations, the precursor of public international law.

In light of this law being held unconstitutional, South Korea now only prohibits up to third cousins ( see Article 809 of the Korean Civil Code ).

* Yiannopoulos, A. N., The Civil Codes of Louisiana ( reprinted from Civil Law System: Louisiana and Comparative law, A Coursebook: Texts, Cases and Materials, 3d Edition ; similar to version in preface to Louisiana Civil Code, ed.

* Rodolfo Batiza, The Louisiana Civil Code of 1808: Its Actual Sources and Present Relevance, 46 TUL.

4 ( 1971 ); Rodolfo Batiza, Sources of the Civil Code of 1808, Facts and Speculation: A Rejoinder, 46 TUL.

603 ( 1972 ); Joseph M. Sweeney, Tournament of Scholars Over the Sources of the Civil Code of 1808, 46 TUL.

* Karl Anton von Martini ( 1726 – 1800 ), Austrian lawyer whose work strongly influenced the Austrian Civil Code of 1811

These reforms included guarantees to ensure the Ottoman subjects perfect security for their lives, honour, and property ; the introduction of the first Ottoman paper banknotes ( 1840 ) and opening of the first post offices ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the finance system according to the French model ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the Civil and Criminal Code according to the French model ( 1840 ); the establishment of the Meclis-i Maarif-i Umumiye ( 1841 ) which was the prototype of the First Ottoman Parliament ( 1876 ); the reorganization of the army and a regular method of recruiting, levying the army, and fixing the duration of military service ( 1843 – 44 ); the adoption of an Ottoman national anthem and Ottoman national flag ( 1844 ); the first nationwide Ottoman census in 1844 ( only male citizens were counted ); the first national identity cards ( officially named the Mecidiye identity papers, or informally kafa kağıdı ( head paper ) documents, 1844 ); the institution of a Council of Public Instruction ( 1845 ) and the Ministry of Education ( Mekatib-i Umumiye Nezareti, 1847, which later became the Maarif Nezareti, 1857 ); the abolition of slavery and slave trade ( 1847 ); the establishment of the first modern universities ( darülfünun, 1848 ), academies ( 1848 ) and teacher schools ( darülmuallimin, 1848 ); establishment of the Ministry of Healthcare ( Tıbbiye Nezareti, 1850 ); the Commerce and Trade Code ( 1850 ); establishment of the Academy of Sciences ( Encümen-i Daniş, 1851 ); establishment of the Şirket-i Hayriye which operated the first steam-powered commuter ferries ( 1851 ); the first European style courts ( Meclis-i Ahkam-ı Adliye, 1853 ) and supreme judiciary council ( Meclis-i Ali-yi Tanzimat, 1853 ); establishment of the modern Municipality of Istanbul ( Şehremaneti, 1854 ) and the City Planning Council ( İntizam-ı Şehir Komisyonu, 1855 ); the abolition of the capitation ( Jizya ) tax on non-Muslims, with a regular method of establishing and collecting taxes ( 1856 ); non-Muslims were allowed to become soldiers ( 1856 ); various provisions for the better administration of the public service and advancement of commerce ; the establishment of the first telegraph networks ( 1847 – 1855 ) and railroads ( 1856 ); the replacement of guilds with factories ; the establishment of the Ottoman Central Bank ( originally established as the Bank-ı Osmanî in 1856, and later reorganized as the Bank-ı Osmanî-i Şahane in 1863 ) and the Ottoman Stock Exchange ( Dersaadet Tahvilat Borsası, established in 1866 ); the Land Code ( Arazi Kanunnamesi, 1857 ); permission for private sector publishers and printing firms with the Serbesti-i Kürşad Nizamnamesi ( 1857 ); establishment of the School of Economical and Political Sciences ( Mekteb-i Mülkiye, 1859 ); the Press and Journalism Regulation Code ( Matbuat Nizamnamesi, 1864 ); among others.

Such protection is provided by provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure rather than by the Constitution.

The criminal law in India is derived from the colonial-era British system and is codified in the Criminal Procedure Code ( CrPC ).

Because the unified Swiss Code of Criminal Procedure ( set to enter into force in 2011 ) does not provide for jury trials or lay judges, however, they are likely to be abolished in the near future.

Plea bargaining was introduced in India by Criminal Law ( Amendment ) Act, 2005, which amended the Code of Criminal Procedure and introduced a new chapter XXI ( A ) in the code, enforceable from January 11, 2006, which affects cases in which the maximum punishment is imprisonment for 7 years ; however, offenses affecting the socio-economic condition of the country and offenses committed against a woman or a child below 14 are excluded.

( Article 209 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Georgia )

a ) In order to avoid fraud of the defendant or insufficient consideration of his / her interests, legislation foresees obligatory participation of the defense council ; ( Article 210 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Georgia )

( Article 213 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Georgia )

( Article 214 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Georgia )

( Article 215 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Georgia )

( Article 210 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Georgia )

( Article 210 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Georgia )

( Article 212 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Georgia )

( Article 212 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Georgia ) Consequently, court is obliged to discuss 2 important issues:

( Article 212 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Georgia )

If the court finds that presented evidence is not sufficient to support the charges or that a motion to render a judgment without substantial consideration of a case is submitted in violation of the requirements stipulated by the Criminal Procedure Code of Georgia, it shall return the case to the prosecution.

( Article 213 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Georgia )

( Article 213 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Georgia )

* Plea bargaining comes into effect — India Law: A new chapter — Chapter XXI A — on ‘ plea bargaining ’ has been inserted in the Criminal Procedure Code ( 1973 )

The Bundestag had earlier changed the Code of Criminal Procedure so that several of the attorneys who were accused of serving as links between the inmates and the RAF's second generation could be excluded.

The law is found in the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure beginning with Article 2. 131.

In Quebec, the Code of Civil Procedure is the principal legislation that sets rules related to civil procedure.