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Codreanu had to go into hiding at a secret location, waiting for things to calm down and delegating leadership to General Gheorghe Cantacuzino-Grănicerul, who later assumed partial guilt for Duca's killing ; Stelescu, who soon became Codreanu's adversary as head of the Crusade of Romanianism, later alleged that he had been given refuge by a cousin of Magda Lupescu, Carol's mistress, implying that the Guard was becoming corrupt (" She was a person adverse to your action.
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Codreanu and had
This last period in Romania was the one in which he exhibited a closer relationship with the Iron Guard, which had, by then, taken power ( see National Legionary State ) — on 28 November, he recorded a speech for the state-owned Romanian Radio, one centered on the portrait of Corneliu Zelea Codreanu, former leader of the movement, who had been killed two years before ( praising him and the Guard for, among other things, " having given Romanians a purpose ").
Sima was a particularly virulent anti-Semite who had become the nominal leader of the movement after the death of Corneliu Codreanu.
In 1919, after moving to Iaşi, Codreanu found communism as his new enemy, after he had witnessed the impact of Bolshevik agitation in Moldavia, and especially after Romania lost her main ally in the October Revolution, forcing her to sign the 1918 Treaty of Bucharest ; also, the newly-founded Comintern was violently opposed to Romania's interwar borders ( see Greater Romania ).
Codreanu also drafted the first of his several death lists, which contained the names of politicians who, he believed, had betrayed Romania.
In November, while in Văcăreşti prison in Bucharest, Codreanu had planned for the creation of a youth organization within the League, which he aimed to call The Legion of the Archangel Michael.
After an interval when he retreated from any political activity, Codreanu took revenge on Manciu, assassinating him and severely wounding some other policemen on October 24, in the Iaşi Tribunal building ( where Manciu had been called to answer accusations, after one of Codreanu's comrades had filed a complaint ).
Codreanu gathered former members of the League who had spent time in prison, and put into practice his dream of forming the Legion ( November 1927, just a few days after the fall of a new Averescu cabinet, which had continued to support Cuza ).
Codreanu felt he had to amend the purpose of the movement after more than two years of stagnation: he and the leadership of the movement started touring rural regions, addressing the churchgoing illiterate population with the rhetoric of sermons, dressing up in long white mantles and instigating Christian prejudice against Judaism ( this intense campaign was also prompted by the fact that the Legion was immediately sidelined by Cuza's League in the traditional Moldavian and Bukovinan centers ).
After much violence, Codreanu was approached by Goga and agreed to have his party withdraw from campaigning in the scheduled elections of 1938, believing that, in any event, the regime had no viable solution and would wear itself out — while attempting to profit from the king's authoritarianism by showing his willingness to integrate any possible single-party system.
When Carol felt he had enough control of the situation, he ordered a brutal suppression of the Iron Guard and had Codreanu arrested on the charge that he had slandered Iorga, based on a letter Codreanu sent to the latter on March 26, 1938, in which he had attacked Iorga for collaborating with Carol, calling him " morally dishonest ".
Codreanu was referring to the historian's charge that Legionary commerce was financing rebellion, and repeated his claim that the enterprising solution had originated with Iorga's own arguments.
The two trials were marked by irregularities, and Codreanu accused the judges and prosecutors of conducting it in a " Bolshevik " manner, because he had not been allowed to speak in his own defence.
On November 30, it was announced that Codreanu, the Nicadori and the Decemviri had been shot after trying to flee custody the previous night.
Codreanu and into
Nevertheless, the wave of violence and a planned march into Bessarabia signalled the outlawing of the party by Premier Gheorghe Mironescu and Minister of the Interior Ion Mihalache ( January 1931 ); again arrested, Codreanu was acquitted in late February.
Codreanu was consequently elected to Chamber of Deputies on the lists of the Corneliu Zelea Codreanu Grouping ( the provisional name for the Guard ), together with other prominent members of his original movement — including Ion Zelea, his father, and Mihai Stelescu, a young activist who ultimately came into conflict with the Legion ; it is likely that the new Vaida-Voevod cabinet gave tacit support to the Group in subsequent partial elections.
Shortly afterwards, Codreanu went on record stating his contempt for Romania's alliances in Eastern Europe, in particular the Little Entente and the Balkan Pact, and indicating that, 48 hours after his movement came into power, the country would be aligned with the Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy.
In May 1941 she was sent into exile to the Soviet Union in exchange for Ion Codreanu, a former member of Sfatul Ţării ( Parliament of Bessarabia that voted for Union with Romania on 27 March 1918 ) detained by the Soviets after the occupation of Bessarabia in 1940, just in time to escape the policy of oppression and massacre of Jews by the regime of Ion Antonescu, in alliance with Nazi Germany.
On 26 November 1940, the Iron Guard began a bloody retaliation against various political figures who had served under Carol ( following a late investigation into the 1938 killing of Corneliu Zelea Codreanu, the movement's founder and early leader, by Carol's authorities ).
Codreanu and at
General Antonescu ( left ) and Capitanul of the Iron Guard, Corneliu Zelea Codreanu, at a skiing event in 1935
" The movement's leader, Corneliu Zelea Codreanu, was a religious mystic who aimed at a spiritual resurrection for the nation.
The rivalry between, on one side, Codreanu, and, on the other, Carol and moderate politician Nicolae Iorga ended in the former's imprisonment at Jilava and assassination at the hands of the Gendarmerie.
Codreanu was subsequently tasked with organizing the League at a national level, and became especially preoccupied with its youth ventures.
Forensics have shown that Manciu was not facing his killer at the moment of his death, which prompted Codreanu to indicate that he considered himself in self-defense based solely on Manciu's earlier actions.
The Legion introduced Orthodox rituals as part of its political rallies, while Codreanu made his public appearances dressed in folk costume — a traditionalist pose adopted at the time only by him and the National Peasant Party's Ion Mihalache.
Moţa met Corneliu Zelea Codreanu at a meeting of antisemitic students in August 1923.
Codreanu and secret
According to a secret report filed by the Hungarian political secretary in Bucharest in late 1940, three main factions existed: the group gathered around Horia Sima, a dynamic local leader from the Banat, which was the most pragmatic and least Orthodox in its orientation ; the group composed of Codreanu's father, Ion Zelea Codreanu, and his brothers ( who despised Sima ); and the Moţa-Marin group, which wanted to strengthen the movement's religious character.
Codreanu and for
* " The Captain ", a nickname for the fascist Iron Guard leader Corneliu Zelea Codreanu
The leader of the Iron Guard, Codreanu, was executed shortly thereafter for treason by the Romanian government.
In this capacity, Duca worked to keep the rising support for the Iron Guard, also known as The Legion of the Archangel Michael, a fascist movement led by Corneliu Zelea Codreanu, in check, even outlawing the All for the Fatherland-party, which was their political arm.
With Codreanu as a charismatic leader, the Legion was known for skillful propaganda, including a very capable use of spectacle.
Considering themself the heir apparent to the Iron Guard, Noua Dreaptă embraces legionnairism and has a personality cult for Corneliu Codreanu but they also use the Celtic Cross which is not a symbol of legionnairism.
This prison is the site where, on November 26-27, 1940, the Iron Guard authorities of the National Legionary State killed 64 political prisoners as revenge for the previous killing of their leader Corneliu Zelea Codreanu ( see Jilava Massacre ); it was also here that Ion Antonescu, dictator ( Conducător ) of Romania during World War II, was executed for war crimes in 1946 and where on 23 October 1971 the serial killer, Ion Rîmaru was executed by firing squad.
Statements according to which Ion Zelea Codreanu was originally a Slav of Ukrainian or Polish origin contrast with the Romanian chauvinism he embraced for the rest of his life.
Their activities did not fail in attracting attention, especially after students who obeyed Codreanu, grouped in the Association of Christian Students, started demanding a Jewish quota for higher education — this gathered popularity for the GCN, and it led to a drastic increase in the frequency and intensity of assaults on all its opponents.
Codreanu and several others were allegedly beaten and tormented for several days, until Cuza's intervention on their behalf proved effective.
In October and November debates between members of Parliament became heated, and Cuza's group was singled out as morally responsible for the murder: Petre Andrei stated that " Mr. Cuza aimed and Codreanu fired ", to which Cuza replied by claiming his innocence, while theorizing that Manciu's brutality was a justifiable cause for violent retaliation.
After a triumphal return and the ostentatious wedding to Elena Ilinoiu, Codreanu clashed with Cuza for a second time and decided to defuse tensions by taking a leave to France.
As a consequence of its mysticism, the movement made a point of not adopting or advertising any particular platform, and Corneliu Zelea Codreanu explained early on: " The country is dying for lack of men and not for lack of political programs.
The situation degenerated after Codreanu expressed his full support for Adolf Hitler and nazism ( even to the detriment of Italian fascism, and probably an added source for the conflict between the Captain and Stelescu ).
Codreanu and things
Codreanu learned antisemitism from his father, but connected it with anticommunism, in the belief that Jews were, among other things, the primordial agents of the Soviet Union ( see Jewish Bolshevism ).
Codreanu and leadership
Several times outlawed by successive Romanian cabinets, his Legion assumed different names and survived in the underground, during which time Codreanu formally delegated leadership to Gheorghe Cantacuzino-Grănicerul.
King Carol met difficulties in preserving his rule after being faced with a decline in the appeal of the more traditional parties, and, as Tătărescu's term approached its end, he made a bold offer to Codreanu, demanding leadership of the Legion in exchange for a Legion cabinet ; he was promptly refused.
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