Under a federalist constitution that was later brought up in 1858 ( and another one in 1863 ), Panama and other constituent states gained almost complete autonomy on many levels of their administration, which led to an often anarchic national state of affairs that lasted roughly until Colombia's return to centralism in 1886 with the establishment of a new Republic of Colombia.

Despite the continuation of smaller scale violence against it, the AD / M-19 survived through the 1990s, achieved favorable electoral results on a local level and actively participated as a high profile political force in the forging of Colombia's modern 1991 constitution, which replaced a conservative document ostensibly dating from 1886.

The Constituent Assembly of Colombia () was formed on February 5, 1991, to draft Colombia's 1991 constitution.

Rionegro is also sometimes called the Cuna de la democracia ( Cradle of democracy ) as it was one of the most important cities during the era of the Colombia's struggle for independence and the 1863 constitution was written in the city.

Colombia's most important ocean terminals are Barranquilla, Cartagena, and Santa Marta on the Caribbean Coast and Buenaventura and Tumaco on the Pacific Coast.

Cartagena de Indias established a junta on May 22, 1810, followed others, including the viceregal capital, Bogotá, on July 20 ( today Colombia's Independence Day ).

From 1974 until 1982, different presidential administrations chose to focus on ending the persistent insurgencies that sought to undermine Colombia's traditional political system.

The new president's program was based on a commitment to bring about a peaceful resolution of Colombia's longstanding civil conflict and to cooperate fully with the United States to combat the trafficking of illegal drugs.

Though much attention has been focused on the security and military aspects of Colombia's situation, the administration also is spending significant time on issues such as expanding international trade, supporting alternate means of development, and reforming Colombia's judicial system.

His mesmerizing mass of blond afro hair, coupled with his equally flamboyant and mesmeric technique on the ball, made him one of Colombia's most recognizable footballers, and arguably, one of the most recognizable footballers around the globe.

First, the country found itself on the front lines of Gran Colombia's efforts to liberate Peru from Spanish rule between 1822 and 1825 ; afterward, in 1828 and 1829, Ecuador was in the middle of an armed struggle between Peru and Gran Colombia over the location of their common border.

A chronicle of Mano Negra's 1993 tour on Colombia's decrepit railway through small, rural villages, written by Manu's father, Ramón Chao.

Leticia is a city in the Republic of Colombia, capital of the department of Amazonas, Colombia's southernmost town ( 4. 09 ° south 69. 57 ° west ) and one of the major ports on the Amazon river.

His electoral platform centered on confronting Colombia's main guerrilla movement, the FARC.

The Caño Limón – Coveñas pipeline is a crude oil pipeline in Colombia from the Caño Limón oilfield in the municipalities of Arauca and Arauquita in Arauca Department on the border of Venezuela to Coveñas on Colombia's Caribbean coastline.

Dreier's behavior during his visit to Colombia's lower house chamber on August 28, 2007, caused a stir among the nation's politicians and media.

Nonetheless, many elements of indigenous culture live on in Colombia's cuisine, music, folklore, and language.

The Caribbean coast, Colombia's gateway to the outside world before jet travel, is separated from the Andes by mosquito-filled, marshy wetlands, while the Pacific coast is pock-marked with its own marshes and is one of the wettest places on earth.

Two years later, on 9 April 1948, the assassination of the popular and influential Liberal candidate, Jorge Eliécer Gaitán began the decade period ( 1948 – 58 ) of Colombia's history known as la Violencia ( the Violence ), between the right-wing and the left-wing of the national political spectrum.

SCADTA started out as a small airmail carrier using Junkers seaplanes capable of landing on Colombia's Magdalena River, mostly since there were very few suitable landing strips in Colombia at the time.

Although it never appeared on coins, Colombia's paper money continued to be issued denominated in peso oro until 1993, when the word oro was dropped.

Colombia's Program for Humanitarian Attention for the Demobilized announced in August 2008 that 339 members of Colombia's rebel groups surrendered and handed in their weapons in July, including 282 guerrillas from the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia.

* July 29-In an extremely controversial bout, Colombia's Tomas Molinares becomes WBA world Welterweight champion by knocking out Marlon Starling in six rounds in Atlantic City.

She made a steady start to her rookie season and in July 2005 was a surprise finalist in the inaugural HSBC Women's World Match Play Championship, which she lost to Colombia's Marisa Baena by one hole.

Colombia's total foreign debt at the end of 1999 was $ 34. 5 billion with $ 14. 7 billion in private sector and $ 19. 8 billion in public sector debt.

* Block – 5 + Fronts, with each block corresponding to one of Colombia's geographical regions: south, central, east, west, Middle Magdalena, Caribbean, and Cesar.

From 1888, printing press inflation caused Colombia's paper money ( pegged to the British pound at a rate of 5 pesos

In 1991, Colombia's Dimayor decided to modify the tournament so the Second Division's champion would be promoted to First Division and the Last Team from The First Division would be demoted to Second Division.

Guidelines and the general structure for Colombia's administration of justice are set out in Law 270 of March 7, 1996.

The Ernesto Samper administration ( 1994 – 98 ) emphasized social welfare policies which targeted Colombia's lower income population.

This symbolic demonstration of public opinion gave the Barco administration what it perceived as a favorable mandate in order to proceed with the consultation process in a more formal manner, and thus the execution of an official plesbicite was decreed on May 3, 1990, a move which was then authorized by Colombia's Supreme Court.

In 1995, the Rodriguez brothers, godfathers of Colombia's notorious Cali Cartel, were brought to face American justice.

By early 2000 there had been the beginning of an economic recovery, with the export sector leading the way, as it enjoyed the benefit of the more competitive exchange rate, as well as strong prices for petroleum, Colombia's leading export product.

Regional relations remain good despite occasional issues with neighbors, especially regarding spillover from Colombia's armed conflict, including cross-border guerrilla crossings, the flow of refugees, and the spread of drug crops.

It has usually been Colombia's second largest party, with the Colombian Liberal Party being the largest.

However, Colombia's actions were condemned across the board by all South American nations, with only the US supporting Colombia.

* Scientists Work to Repopulate Colombia's Skies with Condors-slideshow by the Los Angeles Times

After beginning 1977 with a third round knockout win over Colombia's Fernando Cabanela in Mexico City, Mexican boxing fans started talking about a possible unification bout between him and fellow Mexican Alfonso Zamora, the WBA's world Bantamweight champion.

Colombia's government under president Andres Pastrana was undergoing peace negotiations with the largest guerrilla group, the FARC.

Nevertheless, in early 1903, the United States and Colombia signed a treaty which, despite Colombia's previous objections, gave the United States a wide zone in which it could deploy troops with Colombian consent.

Pepper intercropped with coffee in Colombia's southwestern Cauca Department.

The capital of the Atlántico Department, it is the largest industrial city and port in the Colombian Caribbean region with a population of 1, 885, 500 as of 2011 in its metropolitan area, which makes it Colombia's fourth most populous city after Bogotá, Medellín and Cali.

Barranquilla became Colombia's principal port, and with its level of industrialization and modernity earned the city the nickname Colombia's Golden Gate ( Spanish: La Puerta de Oro de Colombia ).

Many aspects of Colombian culture can be traced back to the early culture of Spain of the 16th century and its collision with Colombia's native civilizations ( see: Muisca, Tayrona ).

It also has all of Colombia's border with Panama.

Much of Colombia's internal consumption of wood come from the Chocó, with a small percentage harvested for export.

The Latin American School of Development traces its history back further than the Bretton Woods school, emerging in the 1940s with the efforts of Colombia's Radio Sutatenza and Bolivia's Radios Mineras.

Despite these pressures, Seal went ahead and testified the pictures taken during the trip showed Sandinista officials in NIcaragua brokering a cocaine deal with members of Colombia's Medellín Cartel, One month after Seal's death on March 16, 1986, President Reagan showed one of the photographs Seal took on national television, to bolster Congressional support for the Contras, He suggested that a top ranking Sandinista official was involved in drug smuggling.

" In addition, they note that Mexican drug cartels have long-established drug-and gun-running ties with Latin American revolutionary movements such as Colombia's FARC.