The term general election in the United Kingdom often refers to the election of Members of Parliament ( MPs ) to the House of Commons.

It refers to the fact that the legislative programme of Parliament is determined by the government, and government bills virtually always pass the House of Commons because of the nature of the majoritarian first-past-the-post electoral system, which almost always produces strong government, in combination with the imposition of party discipline on the governing party's majority, which almost always ensures loyalty.

In Canada, a third party usually refers to a relatively small federal or provincial political party that is not usually considered to have a realistic chance of forming a government, but has representation in the federal House of Commons or the provincial legislature.

Until the Act of Union of 1707 joining the Kingdoms of Scotland and England ( to form the Kingdom of Great Britain ), Scotland had its own Parliament, and the term refers to the House of Commons of England ( which included representatives from Wales from the 16th century ).

From 1707 to 1801 the term refers to the House of Commons of Great Britain.

From 1801 to 1832, therefore, the term refers to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom.

Other applications include traffic flow ( see Wardrop's principle ), how to organize auctions ( see auction theory ), the outcome of efforts exerted by multiple parties in the education process, regulatory legislation such as environmental regulations ( see Tragedy of the Commons ), and even penalty kicks in soccer ( see Matching pennies ).

CEPA was the central piece of Canada's environmental legislation but it is slated to be replaced when budget implementation bill ( C-38 ) ( in its third reading debate in House of Commons ) comes into effect in June 2012.

Lord Deben left the House of Commons at the 2010 general election and joined the House of Lords in order to campaign for environmental issues, social justice and for engagement with the European Union-of which he is a strong advocate.

Turner served as national director of the Vancouver-based Sierra Legal Defence Fund, an organization dedicated to upholding environmental laws, resigning after his return to the House of Commons.

Continued opposition discontent over Ambrose's conduct led the NDP to table a motion in the Commons environmental committee calling for her resignation.

As Chairman of the House of Commons Public Accounts Committee in the previous Parliament he had gained a good reputation at Westminster, and his relatively unknown profile among the electorate was argued to be an asset.

He did not mind the Line itself, which Churchill declared in the House of Commons, on February 27, 1945, he had always believed to be `` just and right '', but he did not want it called by a hated name.

Representation in the House of Commons was decided by the House itself, which resulted in boroughs ' being established in some small settlements for the purposes of parliamentary representation, despite their possessing no actual corporation.

Although the pre-war establishment had been split by the Civil War, both of the opposing main factions regarded all radical groups as agitators for change, and they are described as such in the Historical Collections of John Rushworth that document events of the early period, and by the Journals of the House of Commons which cover the period of the Republic itself.

Protestant missionaries campaigning against it tried to gain support from humanitarian and women's rights groups in London, where the issue was raised in the House of Commons, and in Kenya itself a person's stance toward FGM became a test of loyalty, either to the Christian churches or to the Kikuyu Central Association.

With the king unfriendly, and Newcastle, whose influence was still dominant in the Commons, estranged, it was impossible to carry on a government by the aid of public opinion alone, however emphatically that might have declared itself on his side.

** Winston Churchill warns the House of Commons to " prepare itself for hard and heavy tidings.

The subsequent Court of Appeal ruling agreed that the 1949 Act itself was valid, but left open the question of whether the Commons could use the Parliament Act to make significant changes to the constitution ( for example, repealing the Parliament Act's provision prohibiting the Act from being used to extend the lifespan of Parliament ).

Around the same time Tractor Supply Company opened, though, Peebles later reopened in another location in Neshannock Township in parts of the former Kmart section of the Field Club Commons plaza after Kmart reduced itself to one location in the New Castle area after it filed for chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2002, with Tuesday Morning taking up the other half.

The House of Commons then passed an ‘ Act ’ by itself for the same purpose, and the King was beheaded on 30 January.

In Parliament itself Law worked exceedingly hard at pushing for tariff reform, regularly speaking in the House of Commons and defeating legendary debaters such as Winston Churchill, Charles Dilke and Herbert Henry Asquith, former Home Secretary and later Prime Minister.

While the combative lords were sent to the Tower of London for their challenge, Commons were only willing to agree that the long prorogation was probably unconstitutional, but that the session itself was not.

This manifested itself at the 1922 General Election, when several of the Red Clydesiders were elected to serve in the House of Commons ( most of them Independent Labour Party members ).

Although the party recovered somewhat in subsequent elections, it remained the smallest party in the House of Commons until it disbanded itself permanently in 2004, and merged with the Canadian Alliance to form the Conservative Party of Canada.

The Serjeant-at-Arms attends the Speaker on other occasions, and in the House ; he or she bears a ceremonial mace that symbolises the royal authority under which the House meets, as well as the authority of the House of Commons itself.

* Giving the House of Commons the power to determine whether or not a clear majority had expressed itself following any referendum vote, implying that some sort of supermajority is required for success ;

The Commons are owned by the Morrisville Auxiliary Corporation, rather than Morrisvile State College itself.

Shaftesbury now effectively led the opposition from within the government itself, with the support of a majority in the Commons.

If this were the case, then the Commons could not empower itself through the 1949 Act without direct permission from the Lords.

If this were the case, then the Commons could not empower itself through the 1949 Act without direct permission from the Lords.

Imperial parliamentary sanction being required tor the transfer of the Crown lands to the Colonial Legislature, the necessary bill was at once introduced by Lord Knutsford, and passed the House of Lords ; but, owing to a strong opposition to handing over the immense tract of Crown lands to the colonists, which suddenly showed itself in the home press and in the House of Commons, the bill could not be proceeded with in the House in 1889, and had to be deferred to the following year.

# Dogfooding When feasible and appropriate, employ the work product of Identity Commons working groups to facilitate the operation and interaction of Identity Commons itself.

Churchill had made a brief statement to the Commons on 28 May reporting the Belgian capitulation, and concluding Meanwhile, the House should prepare itself for hard and heavy tidings.

Critically, the Act also made it lawful for the Doctors ' Commons, by a vote of the majority of its fellows, to dissolve itself and surrender its Royal Charter, the proceeds of dissolution to be shared among the members.

Roman Dutch Commons law is a bijuridical or mixed system of law similar to the common law system in Scotland and Louisiana.

In the House of Commons of the United Kingdom on January 19, 1996, health minister Gerald Malone noted that the title doctor had never been restricted to either medical practitioners or those with doctoral degrees in the UK, commenting that the word was defined by common usage but that the titles " physician, doctor of medicine, licentiate in medicine and surgery, bachelor of medicine, surgeon, general practitioner and apothecary " did have special protection in law.

The exception being those areas where, up to the 19th century, civil law rather than common law was the governing tradition, including admiralty law, probate and ecclesiastical law, such cases were heard in the Doctor's Commons, and argued by advocates who held degrees either of doctor of civil law at Oxford or doctor of law at Cambridge.

To connect the Commons Saint-Laurent du Maroni Mana Organabo Iracoubo Sinnamary, Kourou Macouria Cayenne Rémire-Montjoly Degrad des Cannes Balata and St. Rose of Lima Matoury Cocoa or Stoupan ( common Roura ), Régina Saint-Georges-de it Oyapock.

It has also been common for Prime Ministers to be granted a peerage upon retirement from the Commons, which elevates the individual to the House of Lords.

Licenses that require derivative works to be licensed only under compatible licenses include copyleft licenses which include several common open source and free content licenses, such as the GNU General Public License ( GPL ) and the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license.

In the 18th and early 19th centuries it was common for the Prime Minister to also serve as Chancellor of the Exchequer if he sat in the Commons ; the last Chancellor who was simultaneously Prime Minister & Chancellor of the Exchequer was Stanley Baldwin in 1923.

It is part of the common law originating primarily in the practices of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, from which it derives its name.

The House of Commons challenged that the Lords could hear only petitions challenging the decisions of common law courts but not those challenging the decisions of courts of equity.

It survived because it was on common land until the enclosure of the Commons of Harmondsworth parish, after which the fort's ramparts were fairly quickly ploughed out.

The common is administered by a body called " The Commons Conservators ".

From the reign of Richard II, the House of Commons regularly complained about the work of the Court, and in 1390 it petitioned the King to pronounce that the Court could not act contrary to the common law, nor annul a judgement without due process.

The Commons did succeed in making some changes to the Court's procedure, however ; in 1394 the King assented to their request that victorious defendants in the Court have their costs recompensed from the other side, and in 1341 the King, on their application, allowed the Lord Chancellor to send cases directly to the common law courts, to avoid the common law judges having to waste time travelling.

Kerly suggests that many complaints from the Commons came from lawyers of the common law, aggrieved at the Chancery's extended jurisdiction that overlapped with that of the common law.

On the occasion of the Commons petitioning the king in favour of an alliance with the Dutch, Holles addressed a Letter to Van Beuninghen at Amsterdam on " Love to our Country and Hatred of a Common Enemy ," enlarging upon the necessity of uniting in a common defence against French aggression and in support of the Protestant religion.

Such lawyers ( called " doctors " and " civilians ") were centred at " Doctors Commons ", a few streets south of St Paul's Cathedral in London, where they monopolized probate, matrimonial, and admiralty cases until their jurisdiction was removed to the common law courts in the mid-19th century.

Although it is common to associate the title of " House of Commons " with the Westminster system in general, in practice, only two states actually use the title.

It is also common, as in most other phases of Commons debate, for some MPs to switch between English and French in the midst of a question.

* A LETTER TO The Lord Fairfax, AND His Councell of War, WITH Divers Questions to the Lawyers, and Ministers: Proving it an undeniable Equity, That the common People ought to dig, plow, plant and dwell upon the Commons, with-out hiring them, or paying Rent to any.

Most common, however, is the jaguar transformation figurine ( see Commons photo ), which show a wide variety of styles, ranging from human-like figurines to those that are almost completely jaguar, and several where the subject appears to be in a stage of transformation.

Petitions were a common form of protest and request to the British House of Commons in the 18th and 19th centuries, the largest being the Great / People's Charter, or petition of the Chartists.