It had been a big battle, and the Confederate forces had won.

Jones relented, he did not order his men to apply the torch -- the drove of livestock was driven up the valley, via Beverly, and across the mountains to feed and serve the Confederate army, while Jones and his raiders turned toward Buckhannon to join forces with Imboden.

On April 12, 1861, Confederate forces fired on Union troops at Fort Sumter, forcing them to surrender, and began the war.

Even though they had the advantage of fighting on the defensive, the Confederate forces had " almost as high a percentage of casualties as the Union forces ".

On April 1, 1865, Grant successfully outflanked Lee's forces in the Battle of Five Forks and nearly encircled Petersburg, and the Confederate government evacuated Richmond.

Early in the Civil War, Confederate President Jefferson Davis decided that the Confederacy would attempt to hold as much of its territory as possible and he distributed its military forces around its borders and coasts.

Johnston, who had little choice in allowing Floyd and Pillow to take charge at Fort Donelson on the basis of seniority after he ordered them to add their forces to the garrison, took the blame and suffered calls for his removal because a full explanation to the press and public would have exposed the weakness of the Confederate position.

As the Confederate forces overran the Union camps, Johnston seemed to be everywhere, personally leading and rallying troops up and down the line on his horse.

Hostilities began on April 12, 1861, when Confederate forces fired on a U. S. military installation at Fort Sumter in South Carolina.

* 1862 – American Civil War: The Battle of Shiloh begins – in Tennessee, forces under Union General Ulysses S. Grant meet Confederate troops led by General Albert Sidney Johnston.

* 1861 – American Civil War: The war begins with Confederate forces firing on Fort Sumter, in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina.

* 1864 – American Civil War: The Fort Pillow massacre: Confederate forces kill most of the African American soldiers that surrendered at Fort Pillow, Tennessee.

* 1862 – American Civil War: Battle of Cedar Mountain – At Cedar Mountain, Virginia, Confederate General Stonewall Jackson narrowly defeats Union forces under General John Pope.

His men fought well in the morning, putting up a stout resistance, but as overwhelming Confederate forces massed against them, their line eventually broke and they retreated back through the town of Gettysburg to the relative safety of Cemetery Hill south of town.

* 1647 – The Irish Confederate Wars and Wars of the Three Kingdoms: Battle of Dungan's Hill – English Parliamentary forces defeat Irish forces.

* 1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Gainesville – Confederate forces defeat Union troops near Gainesville, Florida.

* 1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Globe Tavern – Union forces try to cut a vital Confederate supply-line into Petersburg, Virginia, by attacking the Wilmington and Weldon Railroad.

* 1861 – American Civil War: Fort Sumter surrenders to Confederate forces.

* 1864 – American Civil War: The Battle of Plymouth begins – Confederate forces attack Plymouth, North Carolina.

* 1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Mansfield – Union forces are thwarted by the Confederate army at Mansfield, Louisiana.

* 1865 – American Civil War: Union forces capture Richmond, Virginia, the capital of the Confederate States of America.

* 1861 – American Civil War: Battle of Wilson's Creek – the war enters Missouri when a band of raw Confederate troops defeat Union forces in the southwestern part of the state.

* 1865 – American Civil War: A day after his surrender to Union forces, Confederate General Robert E. Lee addresses his troops for the last time.

On August 6, 1861, Lincoln signed the Confiscation Act that authorized judiciary proceedings to confiscate and free slaves who were used to support the Confederate war effort.

Bone die found at Cantonment Clinch ( 1823 – 1834 ), an American fort used in the American Civil War by both Confederate States of America | Confederate and Union ( American Civil War ) | Union forces at separate times.

In the context leading up to the American Civil War ( 1861 – 65 ), on master-slave relationships was one of the Bible verses used by Confederate slaveholders in support of a slaveholding position.

In Great Britain between the 15th to 19th centuries charcoal from alder buckthorn was greatly prized for gunpowder manufacture ; cottonwood was used by the American Confederate States.

Confederate secret agent John Maxwell used a clockwork mechanism to detonate a large " horological torpedo " ( time bomb ) on August 9, 1864.

* The Grays, a term used to describe the Confederate States of America's armed forces

These cannons had been captured from Confederate forces and had been used to start the war when fired at Fort Sumter, South Carolina.

During the U. S. Civil War those in the Confederate States Army occasionally used envelopes made from wallpaper, due to financial hardship.

Camp Randall, on the west side of Madison, was built and used as a training camp, a military hospital, and a prison camp for captured Confederate soldiers.

The Lyceum was used as a hospital during the Civil War for both Union and Confederate soldiers, especially those who were wounded at the battle of Shiloh.

The Confederate States of America, for example, used a brass cipher disk to implement the Vigenère cipher during the American Civil War.

One area where the Confederate engineers were able to outperform the North was in the ability to build fortifications that were used both offensively and defensively along with trenches that made them harder to penetrate.

A Parrott rifle, used by both Confederate States Army | Confederate and Union Army | Union forces in the American Civil War.

Prestonsburg was used as a Confederate stronghold during the Civil War and two battles took place nearby: the Battle of Ivy Mountain on November 8, 1861 and the Battle of Middle Creek on January 10, 1862.

In December 1864, raiding Kentucky Confederate cavalry commanded by General Hylan B. Lyon burned the Caldwell County courthouse in Princeton, since it was being used to house the Union garrison.

During the American Civil War, Confederate cavalry burned the local courthouse, which was being used by Union troops as a barracks, but most of the records were saved.

" In addition, many officers wrote military manuals that were printed by private publishers, such as Hardee's Tactics, used by both Confederate and Union forces.

" Quaker gun s " ( logs used as ruses to imitate cannons ) in former Confederate fortifications at Manassas Junction.

In 1863, he became an enrolling Confederate officer, and thereafter an assistant surgeon, during which time he is believed to have been the first in the Confederacy to have used antiseptic surgery.

The Rodger's Female Academy was used as a hospital for Confederate soldiers.

* Kingston Saltpeter Cave is the largest cave in Bartow County and was used to help produce gunpowder for the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War.

Confederate Major General Patrick Cleburne with 4, 100 men used the mountain pass known as the Ringgold Gap to stall the advance of Union Major General Joseph Hooker and his troops.

was used to be a field hospital for both Confederate and Union troops during the Civil War.