`` We the people of the Confederate States, each state acting in its sovereign and independent character, in order to form a permanent federal government, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity -- invoking the favor and the guidance of Almighty God -- do ordain and establish this Constitution for the Confederate States of America ''.

Jones relented, he did not order his men to apply the torch -- the drove of livestock was driven up the valley, via Beverly, and across the mountains to feed and serve the Confederate army, while Jones and his raiders turned toward Buckhannon to join forces with Imboden.

Their deployment to maintain order in the former Confederate states, caused increased resentment among many Southern whites.

Grant, who was headquartered at Cairo, was given an open order by Union General John C. Frémont to make " demonstrations ", not including attack, against the Confederate Army at Belmont.

Thomas and Army of the Cumberland, under order from Grant, overtook Confederate picket trenches at the base of Missionary Ridge.

During the local, state, and federal elections of 1874 and 1876 in the former Confederate states, all levels of government chose not to exercise their police powers to maintain law and order.

When the U. S. Representatives and Senators from the former Confederate states reached Washington, they set as a priority the creation of a statute prohibiting any future President or Congress from directing, by military order or federal legislation, the imposition of federal troops in any U. S. state.

Although Union ships imposed a blockade on the port of Bayport, runners enjoyed a great deal of success — enough to lead the Union in June 1864 to order some 150 – 250 troops to destroy Confederate stockpiles in the county.

Old Baldy Lighthouse was effectively decommissioned for the first time at the outset of the American Civil War when the Confederate States turned off all their lighthouses in order to hinder navigation of Union vessels.

Confederate cavalry under the command of Gen. Stephen D. Lee attempted to burn the railroad bridge over the Wolf River, in order to aid Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest in returning to Tennessee from Mississippi.

On May 25, Merryman was arrested by order of Brigadier General William High Keim, USV, and charged with treason and being a commissioned lieutenant in an organization intending armed hostility toward the government, namely the Confederate Army.

On April 1, 1865, Pickett's defeat at the Battle of Five Forks was a pivotal moment that unraveled the tenuous Confederate line and caused Lee to order the evacuation of Richmond, Virginia, and retreat toward Appomattox Court House.

He had no power to order them into Confederate military service.

** The Preamble to the Confederate Constitution: " We, the people of the Confederate States, each state acting in its sovereign and independent character, in order to form a permanent federal government, establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity — invoking the favor and guidance of Almighty God — do ordain and establish this Constitution for the Confederate States of America.

Gordon replied that he had three recommendations, in decreasing order of preference: first, offer peace terms to the enemy ; second, retreat from Richmond and Petersburg, link up with the Confederate army in North Carolina under General Joseph E. Johnston, jointly defeat Sherman, and then go after Grant ; third, fight without delay.

His first occupation was as a schoolteacher, but upon the outbreak of the Civil War, he joined the Confederate Army as a private in the 5th Kentucky Infantry in September 1861, rising to the rank of captain within short order.

Borland protested that a governor could not countermand an order from a Confederate official, but in January 1862 his order was countermanded by the Confederate States Secretary of War at the time, Judah P. Benjamin.

Lt. Gen. Theophilus H. Holmes, commander of the Confederate District of Arkansas, planned a coordinated attack from three sides on the formidable Federal fortifications surrounding Helena in order to relieve pressure on Vicksburg and to prevent Helena being used as a base to attack further into Arkansas.

In order to continue to receive assistance from both the United Kingdom and France, Confederate President Longstreet had to propose a constitutional amendment calling for the manumission of all the country's slaves making them resident aliens ; however, the free blacks will not have the same rights that whites have.

It had been a big battle, and the Confederate forces had won.

As the battle progressed, Zollicoffer was killed, Crittenden was unable to lead the Confederate force since he was probably intoxicated and the Confederates were turned back and routed by a Union bayonet charge, suffering 533 casualties from their force of 4, 000.

* 1865 – American Civil War: The Battle of Sayler's Creek – Confederate General Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia fights its last major battle while in retreat from Richmond, Virginia.

* 1862 – American Civil War: the Confederate ironclad is scuttled on the Mississippi River after suffering damage in a battle with near Baton Rouge, Louisiana.

* 1861 – American Civil War: Battle of Philippi ( also called the Philippi Races ) – Union forces rout Confederate troops in Barbour County, Virginia, now West Virginia, in first land battle of the War.

* 1861 – American Civil War, Battle of Fairfax Court House ( June 1861 ), first land battle of American Civil War after Battle of Fort Sumter, first Confederate combat casualty.

* 1861 – American Civil War: First Battle of Bull Run – at Manassas Junction, Virginia, the first major battle of the war begins and ends in a victory for the Confederate army.

* 1865 – American Civil War: Battle of Palmito Ranch – in far south Texas, more than a month after Confederate General Robert E. Lee's surrender, the last land battle of the Civil War ends with a Confederate victory.

By the end of the battle two days later, Confederate forces had retreated from Four Oaks, North Carolina.

Ericsson became widely famous when he built the Monitor, an armoured battleship that in 1862 fought the Confederate States ’ Virginia in an American Civil War sea battle.

Aware of the impending Confederate attack, Union troops sounded the alarm and readied for battle, however, no defensive entrenchment works had been made.

The battle was the costliest of the Civil War at the time, with aggregate Union and Confederate casualties of 23, 746, and minimal strategic advantage gained by either side.

This time the Confederate Army had a superior defensive advantage on Grant ; however, due to sickness, Lee was unable to lead the battle.

* July 1 – 3 – American Civil War: Union forces under George G. Meade turn back a Confederate invasion by Robert E. Lee at the Battle of Gettysburg, the largest battle of the war ( 28, 000 Confederate casualties, 23, 000 Union ).

* July 21 – American Civil War: First Battle of Bull Run: At Manassas Junction, Virginia, the first major battle of the war ends in a Confederate victory.

* October 21 – American Civil War – Battle of Ball's Bluff: Union forces under Colonel Edward Baker are defeated by Confederate troops in the second major battle of the war.

* March 28 – American Civil War – Battle of Glorieta Pass: In New Mexico, Union forces succeed in stopping the Confederate invasion of New Mexico territory ( the battle began on March 26 ).

* April 5 – American Civil War – Battle of Yorktown: The battle begins when Union forces under General George B. McClellan close in on the Confederate capital Richmond, Virginia.

* August 6 – American Civil War: The Confederate ironclad CSS Arkansas is scuttled on the Mississippi River after suffering damage in a battle with the USS Essex near Baton Rouge, Louisiana.

* June 9 – American Civil War – Battle of Petersburg: Union forces under General Grant and troops led by Confederate General Robert E. Lee battle for the last time.

* June 15 – William E. Jones, Confederate general ( in battle ) ( b. 1824 )

* November 30 – John Adams, Confederate Army officer ( in battle ) ( b. 1825 )

The Confederate Congress had promoted Colonel Patton to brigadier general ; however, at the time, he had already died of battle wounds, so that promotion was never official.