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Confucius emphasized the role of the arts and humanities ( especially music and poetry ) in broadening human nature and aiding li ( etiquette, the rites ) in bringing us back to what is essential about humanity.
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Confucius and emphasized
The philosophy of Confucius emphasized personal and governmental morality, correctness of social relationships, justice and sincerity.
Confucius ( 6th c. BCE ) famously emphasized the moral commitment implicit in a name, ( zhengming ) stating that the moral collapse of the pre-Qin was a result of the failure to rectify behaviour to meet the moral commitment inherent in names: " Good government consists in the ruler being a ruler, the minister being a minister, the father being a father, and the son being a son ...
Confucius emphasized the need to find balance between formal study and intuitive self-reflection ( Analects 2. 15 ).
His canon consisted mostly of the classic Confucian writings that Zhu Xi had emphasized: the Elementary Learning, the Reflections on Things at Hand, and the Four Books ( the Great Learning, the Doctrine of the Mean, the Analects of Confucius, and the Mencius ).
Confucius and role
Missionaries and scholars also brought back new ideas from other civilisations-as with the Jesuit China missions who played a significant role in the transmission of knowledge, science, and culture between China and the West, translating Western works like Euclids Elements for Chinese scholars and the thoughts of Confucius for Western audiences.
In philosophical terms, Confucius and his followers played an important role in shaping the mentality of the government.
The curriculum of Confucius Institutes revolves around the institute's role as a language center.
The scholars all venerate Confucius and take him as a role model.
Confucius and arts
Unlike Confucius, he holds a distinctive repulsion to any development in ritual music and the fine arts.
Confucius taught 3000 pupils ; of which 72 mastered the six arts.
He reported back to Confucius, who denigrated Hundun Shi zhi shu 渾沌氏之術 " the arts of Mr. Chaos ":
Confucius ( BC 551-479 ) is regarded as one of the greatest teachers and philosophers in Chinese history and has had a very significant influence on Chinese morality and arts.
Confucius and humanities
Nevertheless, the influence of classical ideas in many humanities disciplines, such as philosophy and literature, remains strong ; for example, the Gilgamesh Epic from Mesopotamia, the Egyptian Book of the Dead, the Vedas and Upanishads in India and various writings attributed to Confucius, Lao-tse and Chuang-tzu in China.
Confucius and especially
As a result of his unusual degree of success, Confucius made powerful enemies within the state, especially with Viscount Ji Huan.
Confucianism, especially of the type argued for by Mencius (), argued that the ideal ruler is the one who ( as Confucius put it ) " acts like the North Star, staying in place while the other stars orbit around it ".
Jaspers held Socrates, Confucius and Siddhartha Gautama in especially high regard, describing each of them as an exemplary human being and paradigmatic personality.
Although it is traditionally attributed to the Duke of Zhou, Confucius, or his disciples, scholarship suggests that someone compiled and edited diverse glosses from commentaries to pre-Qin texts, especially the Shijing.
The rapid expansion of Confucius Institutes has led to a backlash, especially in the United States and other Western countries.
Confucius and music
Confucius considered education and music as various elements of li.
The oldest known written music is Youlan 幽蘭 or the Solitary Orchid, attributed to Confucius ( see guqin article for a sample of tablature ).
Classical music is also performed in honour of gods and scholars such as Confucius in temples.
However, and again agreeing with Confucius, Xunzi does admit that there are types of music which can lead one into licentious behavior, but states that the gentleman knows to be wary of his environment and the sounds he hears.
The phrase harmonious society () can relate as back as the time of Confucius when music could bring about harmony by maintaining balance in the society.
During the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, discussion of music flourished under Confucius and the school of thoughts he created, Confucianism.
Confucius and poetry
Whereas Eliot used " masks " to distance himself from aspects of modern life which he found degrading and repulsive, Pound's personae were poets and could be considered in good part alter-egos who are to be dissociated from " characters " like Malatesta, John Adam, Confucius, or Thomas Jefferson that we find in Pound's later poetry, The Cantos.
He wrote over a dozen other books on a variety of subjects, including the I Ching, the Tao Te Ching, the Analects of Confucius, books of poetry, essays, medicine, and art collections.
The Shijing tends to be associated with northern Chinese vocabulary and culture, and in particular with the great sage and philosopher Confucius: this helped to eventuate the development of this type of poetry into the classic shi style, the literal meaning of Shijing.
The remarkable thing is that despite their commendation by Confucius, no extant samples of any poetry of this style are known for the next three hundred years.
A child prodigy, he learned the Analects of Confucius from his uncle at age twelve and admiring the poetry of Tao Qian, started writing poetry.
Unlike other Japanese poetry of the time, his work emphasizes a morality based on the teachings of Confucius.
Confucius and human
In particular, they refuted the assumption of Confucius as a godlike figure and considered him as the greatest sage, but simply a human and mortal
In particular, they refuted the assumption of Confucius as a godlike figure and considered him as the greatest sage, but simply a human and mortal
He further states that the incident brought to light Confucius ' foresight, practical political ability, and insight into human character.
By not asking about the horses, Confucius demonstrates that the sage values human beings over property ; readers are led to reflect on whether their response would follow Confucius's and to pursue self-improvement if it would not have.
Confucius, as an exemplar of human excellence, serves as the ultimate model, rather than a deity or a universally true set of abstract principles.
It was believed by some that lǐ originated from the heavens, but Confucius stressed the development of lǐ through the actions of sage leaders in human history.
In discussing 9 founders of major faith traditions ( Moses, Zoroaster, Lao-zu, Buddha, Confucius, Socrates, Krishna, Jesus, and Muhammad ), which he called " mediators between the human and the divine ," Macquarrie wrote that:
With this optimistic view on human potential, Confucius advocates for ruling through li – traditional customs, mores, and norms – which allow people to have a sense of shame and become humane people with good character, rather than through government regulations and penal law.
1750 ), in which he praised the purity of the moral precepts of Confucius, pointing to them as an evidence of the power of human reason to reach moral truth by its own efforts.
To Confucius, the functions of government and social stratification were facts of life to be sustained by ethical values ; thus his ideal human was the junzi, which is translated as " gentleman " or " superior person ".
Confucius ' discussions on the nature of the supernatural ( Analects 3. 12 ; 6. 20 ; 11. 11 ) indicate that he respected Heaven but believed that " spirits " were too difficult to understand, and that human beings should intead base their values and social ideals on moral philosophy, tradition, and a natural love for others.
Voltaire and Ezra Pound believed that this chapter demonstrated how Confucius was a mere human.
Confucius had an intimate trust in Heaven and believed that Heaven overrules human efforts, that he was carrying out the will of Heaven, and so Heaven will not allow its servant, Confucius, to be killed until his work is done.
The first four verses state the core credo of Confucianism, that is, that human nature is inherently good, as developed by Mencius, considered one of the most influential traditional Chinese philosophers after Confucius.
The main theme of this canto is one of harmony between human society and the natural order, and a number of passing references are made to related items from earlier cantos: Confucius, Kati, Dante on citizenship, the Book of the Prefect and Plotinus amongst them.
Confucius taught us the standard of being human that has maintained the morality of the Chinese people for over two thousand years.
This basic quality, which was for Confucius and Mencius the bond between human society and the ways of Heaven ( tian ) and hence fundamental to the underlying moral structure of the universe, was expanded by Zhang Zai to encompass the universe itself, since for the sage to form " one body with the universe " suggests the complementarity and fundamental identify of microcosm and macrocosm.
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