The VA received Congressional $ 17. 33 million in budget authority for the project in 2011.

The System does not require public funding, and derives its authority and purpose from the Federal Reserve Act, which was passed by Congress in 1913 and is subject to Congressional modification or repeal.

* Powell v. McCormack, – Congressional authority to exclude members who have met qualifications to serve is not a political question ;

When asked how this proposed legislation was different from the 1996 Line-Item Veto Act that the United States Supreme Court had declared illegal, Bolten said that whereas the former act granted unilateral authority to the Executive to disallow specific spending line items, the new proposal would seek Congressional approval of such line-item vetoes.

The reorganization was part of a larger proposal which would grant the President the authority to propose mergers of federal agencies, which would then be subject to an up-or-down Congressional vote.

While Chief Justice Roger B. Taney had hoped to settle issues related to slavery and Congressional authority by this decision, it aroused outrage and deepened sectional tensions.

Here, the separation of powers issue is whether the War Powers Resolution requirements for Congressional approval and presidential reporting to Congress change the constitutional balance established in Articles I and II, namely that Congress is explicitly granted the sole authority to " declare war ", " make Rules for the Government and Regulation of the land and naval Forces " ( Article 1, Section 8 ), and to control the funding of those same forces, while the Executive has inherent authority as Commander in Chief.

Justice White does not address or evaluate in his dissent whether that section would fall within the inherent Congressional authority under Article I Section 8 to " make Rules for the Government and Regulation of the land and naval Forces ".

A bill abolishing Jackson Hole National Monument passed Congress but was vetoed by Roosevelt, and Congressional and court challenges to the proclamation authority were mounted.

Since 1943, the proclamation authority has been used very sparingly, and seldom without advance Congressional consultation and support.

On March 26, 2007, U. S. District Judge Clarence Cooper dismissed with prejudice a suit for injunctive relief filed by European Connections, agreeing with Attorney General Alberto Gonzales and TJC that IMBRA is a constitutional exercise of Congressional authority to regulate for-profit dating websites and agencies where the primary focus is on introducing Americans to foreigners.

That Act gave NTIS the authority to enter into joint ventures and declared the Clearinghouse to be a permanent Federal function that could not be eliminated or privatized without Congressional approval.

Whether the Streamlined Sales Tax can actually be applied to remote sales ultimately depends upon Congressional support, because the 1992 Quill v. North Dakota decision determined that only the U. S. Congress has the authority to enact interstate taxes.

Congressional rules empower all its standing committees with the authority to compel witnesses to produce testimony and documents for subjects under its jurisdiction.

US President Ronald Reagan welcomed the Canadian initiative and the United States Congress gave the President the authority to sign a free trade agreement with Canada, subject to it being presented for Congressional review by October 5, 1987.

* Oliphant v. Suquamish Indian Tribe, 435 U. S. 191 ( 1978 ): Indian Tribes do not have inherent criminal jurisdiction over non-Indians absent Congressional authority.

To be awarded the Congressional Space Medal of Honor, an astronaut must perform feats of extraordinary accomplishment while participating in space flight under the authority of NASA.

In 2004 Congress passed the Syrian and Saudi " Accountability Acts " which CNI characterized as “ unique Congressional forays into the executive branch's traditional authority over U. S. foreign affairs .” CNI sponsored a forum featuring CNI and other experts on the subject.

Uncreative collections of facts are outside of Congressional authority under the Copyright Clause ( Article I, § 8, cl.

Hampton, Jr., & Co. v. United States ( 1928 ) that Congressional delegation of legislative authority is an implied power of Congress that is constitutional so long as Congress provides an " intelligible principle " to guide the executive branch: "' In determining what Congress may do in seeking assistance from another branch, the extent and character of that assistance must be fixed according to common sense and the inherent necessities of the government co-ordination.

Congress had granted Franklin Roosevelt sweeping authority ; in Panama Refining v. Ryan, the Court for the first time struck down a Congressional delegation of power as violative of the doctrine of separation of powers.

When asked how this proposed legislation was different from the 1996 Line Item Veto Act that was found unconstitutional by the United States Supreme Court, Bolten said that whereas the former act granted unilateral authority to the Executive to disallow specific spending line items, the new proposal would seek Congressional approval of such line-item vetoes.

In 2002, at the height of controversy over Bush's creation of military commissions without Congressional approval, Sunstein stepped forward to insist, " Under existing law, President George W. Bush has the legal authority to use military commissions " and that " President Bush's choice stands on firm legal ground.

This led to the U. S. Congress to enact the Public Law 81-600 which led to the Congressional approval of a local constitution drafted by a constitutional assembly elected by Puerto Rico and the renaming of the United States unincorporated territory of Puerto Rico as the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, using the same official name as the commonwealths of the U. S. states of Kentucky, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania and Virginia, as well as that of other sovereign nation countries such as Australia.

After the plebiscite, efforts in the 1970s to enact legislation to address the status issue died in Congressional committees.

While Johnson opposed the Radical Republicans on some issues, the decisive Congressional elections of 1866 gave the radicals enough votes to enact their legislation over Johnson's vetoes.

PDA is attempting to block renewal of fast track authority that allows the White House to enact trade deals without Congressional amendment.

She presented and promoted this landmark legislation before Congressional committee, so other leaders would have opportunity to benefit from the template created by Act 250 and be encouraged to enact similar measures in their home states.

Following two minor heart attacks he had to undergo an emergency quadruple heart bypass in 1983, after which he was extremely weak, but he still managed to attend a 1988 Congressional hearing with old colleagues such as Jimmy Stewart and Ginger Rogers to protest media magnate Ted Turner's plan to colorize various black-and-white films from the 1930s and 1940s.

" In the United States, political scientists known as " Americanists " look at a variety of data including constitutional development, elections, public opinion and public policy such as Social Security reform ,..... foreign policy, US Congressional committees, and the US Supreme Court — to name only a few issues.

The American public, organized associated groups, and even Congressional resolutions, often supported such movements, particularly the Greek War of Independence ( 1821 – 29 ) and the demands of Hungarian revolutionaries in 1848.

Some were formal, written instructions for Congressional delegations, such as the Halifax Resolves of April 12, with which North Carolina became the first colony to explicitly authorize its delegates to vote for independence.

Knowing that such speculation, combined with Congressional grants of land sections to veterans of the Revolution, could result in a lucrative opportunity, Ebenezer Zane in 1796 petitioned the US Congress to grant him a contract to blaze a trail through Ohio, from Wheeling, West Virginia, to Limestone, Kentucky, ( near modern Maysville, Kentucky ) a distance of.

Tilden denied emphatically all knowledge of such dispatches, and appeared voluntarily before a Congressional sub-committee in New York City to clear himself of the charge.

According to former Congressional Budget Office analyst Christopher Barnekov, such contracts allowed the rail carriers and their shippers much more opportunity readily to develop more efficient transport arrangements which lowered costs for the carriers, yielding better returns for the carriers and lower rates for the shippers.

Early on, in the so-called Civil Rights Cases decided in 1883, the Supreme Court concluded that the Congressional enforcement power in Section 5 of the Fourteenth Amendment did not authorize Congress to use the Privileges or Immunities Clause of that amendment to ban racial discrimination in public accommodations operated by private persons, such as inns and theaters.

The first such conference took place in London, UK, from 28 May to 4 June 1886, and subsequent Congressional meetings were held sporadically until 1904 and then 1990.

Expansionists, such as President James Polk were criticized by Congressional Whigs.

It did eventually become his trademark, as illustrated in anecdotes about this eccentricity ( such as the time he wore a white summer suit to a Congressional hearing during the winter ).

Meanwhile, in 1997 Congressional Quarterly reported Senate Banking Committee Chairman Al D ’ Amato ( R-NY ) rejected Treasury Department pressure to produce a financial modernization bill because banking firms ( such as Citicorp ) were satisfied with the competitive advantages they had received from regulatory actions and were not really interested in legislative reforms.

Pacifica also produces a wide variety of special broadcasts, including live coverage of major US Congressional hearings, national mobilizations against war, and other important events, such as the United States Social Forum.

It has been argued that a Congressional override of an executive order is a nearly impossible event due to the supermajority vote required and the fact that such a vote leaves individual lawmakers very vulnerable to political criticism.

* A battery of post-Nixon controls on executive power, including transparency rules and " watchdog bureaucracies " such as the federal Inspectors General, a strengthened Government Accountability Office, and the Congressional Budget Office

Further, portions of some Congressional acts, such as the provisions for the effective dates of amendments to codified laws, are themselves not codified at all.

Nine days later, Senator Brien McMahon, who within a year would write the Atomic Energy Act and organize and chair the Congressional Joint Committee on Atomic Energy, made the first public proposal for such a test, but one designed to demonstrate the vulnerability, rather than survivability, of ships.

" Slavery was a contentious issue in the politics of the United States from the 1770s through the 1860s, becoming a topic of debate in the drafting of the Constitution ( with the slave trade protected for 20 years and slaves being counted toward Congressional apportionment ); a subject of Federal legislation, such as the ban on the trans-Atlantic slave trade in 1808 and the passage of the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 ; and a subject of landmark US Supreme Court cases, such as the Dred Scott decision of 1857.

* The Congressional Black Caucus has sometimes been accused of dual loyalty to Africa, that as they were vociferous in their criticisms of nations such as Israel and apartheid South Africa, the CBC stayed largely silent about the numerous human rights abuses of black African dictators.

* " Interstital federal lawmaking " is a species of " federal common law " which arises where Congressional statutes implicitly compel federal courts to fill gaps to interpret the federal law, should a case or controversy arise, where the transactions or issues typically would be controlled by state law ( such as real property regulatory programs ).

George Washington often quoted Addison's Cato and had it performed during the winter at Valley Forge, in spite of a Congressional ban on such performances.