However, there is no evidence that his son and ultimate successor, Constantius II, who was an Arian Christian, was exiled.

However, during the time of Arianism's flowering in Constantinople, the Gothic convert Ulfilas ( later the subject of the letter of Auxentius cited above ) was sent as a missionary to the Gothic barbarians across the Danube, a mission favored for political reasons by emperor Constantius II.

He came from Antioch and served under Constantius II and was probably appointed to ensure that nobody with western associations was serving in Britain during a time of mistrust, rebellion and suppression symbolised by the brutal acts of the imperial notary Paulus Catena.

A bust of Emperor Constantius II from Syria. Ammianus was born between 325 and 330 in the Greek-speaking East, possibly at Antioch on the Orontes.

He entered the army at an early age, when Constantius II was emperor of the East, and was sent to serve under Ursicinus, governor of Nisibis in Mesopotamia, and magister militum.

He returned to Italy with Ursicinus, when he was recalled by Constantius, and accompanied him on the expedition against Claudius Silvanus, who had been forced by the allegedly unjust accusations of his enemies into proclaiming himself emperor in Gaul.

Like many ancient historians, Ammianus had a strong political and religious agenda to pursue, however, and he contrasted Constantius II with Julian to the former's constant disadvantage ; like all ancient writers he was skilled in rhetoric, and this shows in his work.

Antipope Felix II was installed as Pope in 355 after the Emperor Constantius II banished the reigning Pope, Liberius, for refusing to subscribe the sentence of condemnation against Saint Athanasius.

In May 357 the Roman laity, which had remained faithful to Liberius, demanded that Constantius, who was on a visit to Rome, should recall Liberius.

He continued to lead the conflict against the Arians for the rest of his life and was engaged in theological and political struggles against the Emperors Constantine the Great and Constantius II and powerful and influential Arian churchmen, led by Eusebius of Nicomedia and others.

The persecution against the orthodox party broke out with renewed vigor, and Constantius II was induced to prepare drastic measures against Athanasius and the priests who were devoted to him.

The Batavi were still mentioned in 355 during the reign of Constantius II ( 317-361 ), when their island was already dominated by the Salii, a Frankish tribe that had sought Roman protection there in 297 after having been expelled from their own country by the Saxons.

Constantius II (; 7 August 317 – 3 November 361 ), was Roman Emperor from 337 to 361.

After the death of Constantine I ( May 337 ), this was the formal division of the Empire, until Dalmatius was killed and his territory divided between Constans and Constantius.

Constantius was made Caesar by his father on 13 November 324.

Before Constantius arrived, the Persian general Narses, who was possibly the king's brother, overran Mesopotamia and captured Amida.

In early 337, Constantius hurried to Constantinople after receiving news that his father was near death.

While Constantius was away from the eastern frontier in early 337, Shapur assembled a large army, including war elephants, and launched an attack on Roman territory, laying waste to Mesopotamia and putting Nisibis under siege.

Ultimately, Constantius was able to push back the invasion, Shapur failing to make any significant gains.

This new state of affairs was unacceptable to Constantius, who felt that as the only surviving son of Constantine the Great, the position of emperor was his alone.

Flavius Claudius Julianus, born in May or June 332 or 331 in Constantinople, was the son of Julius Constantius ( consul in 335 ), half brother of Emperor Constantine I, and his second wife, Basilina, a woman of Greek origin.

His mother was an Arian, sister of Clearchus, also an Arian, and a paternal granddaughter of Gallus ( born c. 370 ), son of Anastasia ( born c. 352 ) and husband, in turn daughter of Flavius Claudius Constantius Gallus and wife and cousin Constantina.

Valentinian was born in the western capital of Ravenna, the only son of Galla Placidia and Flavius Constantius.

Theodora, the wife of Constantius Chlorus, is often called Maximian's stepdaughter by ancient sources, leading to claims by Otto Seeck and Ernest Stein that she was born from an earlier marriage between Eutropia and Afranius Hannibalianus .< ref > Aurelius Victor, de Caesaribus 39. 25 ; Eutropius, Breviaria 9. 22 ; Jerome, Chronicle 225 < sup > g </ sup >; Epitome de Caesaribus 39. 2, 40. 12, quoted in Barnes, New Empire, 33 ; Barnes, New Empire, 33 .</ ref > Barnes challenges this view, saying that all " stepdaughter " sources derive their information from the partially unreliable work of history Kaisergeschichte, while other, more reliable sources, refer to her as Maximian's natural daughter .< ref > Origo Constantini 2 ; Philostorgius, Historia Ecclesiastica 2. 16 < sup > a </ sup >, quoted in Barnes, New Empire, 33.

Constantius was born in Naissus ( modern-day Niš, Serbia ) and was probably a career soldier, who reached the rank of magister militum under Honorius.

Likewise, ten Roman Emperors were born in or near this city, Emperors Herennius Etruscus ( 251 ), Hostilian ( 251 ), Decius Traian ( 249-251 ), Claudius II ( 268-270 ), Quintillus ( 270 ), Aurelian ( 270-275 ), Probus ( 276-282 ), Maximianus Herculius ( 285-310 ), Constantius II ( 337-361 ) and Gratian ( 367-383 ).

* Constantius II, Roman emperor ( 337-361 ), born in Sirmium.

Ten Roman Emperors were born in this city or in its surroundings: Herennius Etruscus ( 227-251 ), Hostilian ( 230 ?- 251 ), Decius Traian ( 249-251 ), Claudius II ( 268-270 ), Quintillus ( 270 ), Aurelian ( 270-275 ), Probus ( 276-282 ), Maximianus Herculius ( 285-310 ), Constantius II ( 337-361 ) and Gratian ( 367-383 ).

Constantius was born in 317 at Sirmium, Pannonia.

* Constantius II, Roman emperor ( 337-361 ), born in Sirmium.

Julius Constantius was born after 289, the son of Constantius Chlorus and his wife Theodora, adoptive daughter of emperor Maximian.

Six Roman Emperors were born in this city or in its surroundings: Decius Traian ( 249 – 251 ), Aurelian ( 270 – 275 ), Probus ( 276 – 282 ), Maximianus Herculius ( 285 – 310 ), Constantius II ( 337 – 361 ) and Gratian ( 367 – 383 ).

* 317 – Constantius II, Roman emperor ( d. 361 )

* Constantius II ( 317 – 361 ), Roman Emperor from 337 to 361

* November 3 – Constantius II, Roman Emperor ( b. 317 )

However, to minimize the extent of the movement ignores the facts that at least two Roman emperors, Constantius II and Valens, became Arians, as did prominent Gothic, Vandal and Lombard warlords both before and after the fall of the Western Roman Empire.

Second exile: under Emperor Constantius, for 7. 5 years Apr 339 – 21 Oct 346 ; lived at Rome.

Constantius promptly attacked Narses, and after suffering minor setbacks defeated and killed Narses at the Battle of Narasara.

Soon after, Constantius met his brothers in Pannonia at Sirmium to formalize the partition of the empire.

In 353, Constantius and Magnentius met for what would be the final time at the Battle of Mons Seleucus in southern Gaul, and again, Constantius emerged the victor.

Constantius spent the next few years overseeing affairs in the western part of the empire primarily from his base at Mediolanum.

As a Christian Roman Emperor, Constantius made a concerted effort to promote Christianity at the expense of Roman polytheism (‘ paganism ’).

In spite of the some of the edicts issued by Constantius, it should be recognised that he was not fanatically anti-pagan – he never made any attempt to disband the various Roman priestly colleges or the Vestal Virgins, he never acted against the various pagan schools, and, at times, he actually made some effort to protect paganism.

As such, during his reign, Constantius made a concerted attempt to mold the Christian church to follow this compromise position, and to this end, he convened several Christian councils during his reign, the most notable of which were one at Rimini and its twin at Seleuca, which met in 359 and 360 respectively.

" However, Kent & M. and A. Hirmer suggest that Constantius " has suffered at the hands of unsympathetic authors, ecclesiastical and civil alike.

On 1 March 293 at Milan, Maximian gave Constantius the office of Caesar.

In the eleventh consulship of Honorius and the second of Constantius, the Emperor entered Rome in triumph, with Attalus at the wheels of his chariot.

In 293, Constantius Chlorus launched a second offensive, besieging the rebel's port at Boulogne and cutting it off from naval assistance.

* 361 – Emperor Constantius II dies of a fever at Mopsuestia in Cilicia, on his deathbed he is baptised and declares his cousin Julian rightful successor.

Constantius Chlorus requests leave for his son Constantine I who remains at Galerius's court in Nicomedia, as a virtual hostage.

* Pope Liberius refuses to sign a condemnation of Athanasius, Patriarch of Alexandria, imposed at Milan by Constantius II.

* Battle of Vindonissa: Constantius I defeats at Vindonissa ( modern Switzerland ) the Alamanni.

* November 3 – Emperor Constantius II dies of a fever at Mopsuestia in Cilicia, age 44, on his deathbed he is baptised and declares his cousin Julian the Apostate rightful successor.

* Ministers and followers of Constantius II are put to trial at the Chalcedon tribunal.

* First Council of Constantinople: Emperor Constantius II requested a church council, at Constantinople, both the eastern and western bishops attend the meeting.