Following a further change, the Constitutional law on the Modernisation of the Institutions of the Fifth Republic, 2008, a president cannot serve more than two consecutive terms.

Moreover, the Territory's Constitutional Commission has expressed the view that " every effort should be made ", to encourage the use of the name " Virgin Islands ".

In keeping with the evolution of the Westminster system of governance, Barbados has evolved into a Parliamentary democracy and Constitutional monarchy, meaning that all real power rests with the Parliament.

Additionally, the Constitutional Committee has the sole power to refer a case to the High Court of Impeachment ( valtakunnanoikeus ) and to authorize police investigations for this purpose.

Since its first publication in 1946 the principle has been accepted by Germany's Federal Constitutional Court in a variety of cases.

In 1956, using the Constitutional taxation authority of the federal level of government, St-Laurent's government introduced the policy of " Equalization payments " which redistributes taxation revenues between provinces to assist the poorer provinces in delivering government programs and services, a move that has been considered a strong one in solidifying the Canadian federation, particularly with his home province of Québec.

The highest court, the Constitutional Court, has both original and appellate jurisdiction.

The United States government does not believe that the final version of the Protocol is consistent with the United States ' First Amendment Constitutional rights and has informed the Council of Europe that the United States will not become a Party to the protocol.

The Colombian Constitutional Court has warned that 35 of those groups are in danger of dying out.

The Constitutional Court has the highest power of review of legislation to ensure its consistency with Slovenia's constitution.

The Constitutional Court () has jurisdiction over all Spain, competent to hear appeals against the alleged unconstitutionality of laws and regulations having the force of law, as well as individual appeals for protection ( recursos de amparo ) against violation of the rights and liberties granted by the constitution.

The Italian Constitutional Court has declared the partial incompatibility with the Italian Constitution of a law that forced courts to delay all trials against the Italian Prime Minister while he is in office.

However, the United States Supreme Court has ruled that certain ballot access requirements, such as filing fees and submitting a certain number of valid petition signatures do not constitute additional qualifications and thus few Constitutional restrictions exist as to how harsh ballot access laws can be.

Although the Constitutional text seems to suggest to the contrary, the Senate's practice has been to elect a full-time President pro tempore at the beginning of each Congress, as opposed to making it a temporary office only existing during the Vice President's absence.

The Constitutional Review Commission set up by Mwanawasa also hit some turbulence, with arguments as to where its findings should be submitted leading to suspicions that he has been trying to manipulate the outcome.

The chairman of the Russian Constitutional Court Valery Zorkin, pointing to the Markin v. Russia case, stated that Russia has the right to create a mechanism of protection from Court decisions " touching the national sovereignity, the basic constitutional principles ".

Although divorced from the U. S. Constitutional limitation, Canada has recognized that considerations of judicial economy and comity with the legislative and executive branch may justify a decision to dismiss an allegedly moot case, as deciding hypothetical controversies is tantamount to legislating.

He is best known as a proponent of reduced legal restrictions on copyright, trademark, and radio frequency spectrum, particularly in technology applications, and he has called for state-based activism to promote substantive reform of government with a Second Constitutional Convention.

MacEoin notes that after the deaths of those Azali Babis who were active in the Constitutional Revolution in Iran, the Azali form of Babism entered a stagnation from which it has not recovered as there is no acknowledged leader or central organization.

Also, in some cases, a president has signed a law while asking that the political parties refer the case to the Federal Constitutional Court in order to test the law's constitutionality.

The Constitutional reform of 1994 introduced a two-round system by which the winning President-Vice President ticket has to receive either more than 45 % of the overall valid votes, or at least 40 % of it and a 10 % lead over the runner-up.

Interpretation of the Fourteenth Amendment's enforcement provision has been the subject of several important Supreme Court cases, which reflect the tension between the Courts ' role of interpreting the Constitution and Congress's power of adopting legislation to enforce specific Constitutional amendments.

For instance, it is on the basis of the preamble to the French Constitution, mentioning the solemn regard of the French Republic towards the principles set forth in the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, that the Constitutional Council has declared certain laws to be unconstitutional ( the first case being decision 71-44DC ).

Constitutional scholar Peter Hogg has remarked that the notwithstanding clause " seems to be a uniquely Canadian invention.

Simpson has been a member of the board of trustees at Queen's University ; the board of overseers at Green College, University of British Columbia ; the advisory board of the Review of Constitutional Studies at the University of Alberta ; the editorial board of The Queen's Quarterly, and the Canadian Consortium for Asia-Pacific Security at York University and the University of Toronto.

The case also came before the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany, which issued a groundbreaking ruling that laid down the basics of the freedom of the press for decades to come.

Some laws, mostly constitutional laws ( loi organique ), come before the Constitutional Council for review without first being petitioned.

In 1860, after the secession debate had come to dominate politics in the region, the Whig supported Constitutional Union presidential candidate John Bell, helping him capture the state's electoral votes.

In the event the Upper House ( House of Councilors ) rejects a treaty approved by the Lower House ( House of Representatives ) and a joint committee of both houses cannot come to agreement on amendments to the original text of the treaty, or the Upper House fails to decide on a treaty for more than thirty ( 30 ) days, by the Constitutional supremacy of the House of Representatives the decision by the Upper House will be regarded as the vote of the National Diet approving the ratification.

Offices that are explicitly excluded from the jurisdiction of the Public Service Commission include judges, offices for which the Constitutional Offices Commission or the Disciplined Services Commission are responsible, offices which come under the jurisdiction of the Judicial Service Commission or of any body prescribed by Parliament, military offices, and all offices referred to in the Constitution, except for the Secretary to the House of Representatives and the Secretary to the Senate.

Deputy President Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka, acting for President Thabo Mbeki, signed it into law on 29 November, and it became law the following day, one day before the Constitutional Court's order would otherwise have come into force.

Constitutional changes altered this new system slightly in 1851, when terms were shortened to four years, and 1864, when Baltimore City was given three Senate districts rather than one, but substantial change to the structure of the Senate did not come again until 1964.

In 1940, the New York Times described Walsh as a " more moderate critic " of the administration's attempts to aid Great Britain even as he called the August commitment FDR made to Churchill one " that goes far beyond the Constitutional powers of the President and one that no other President in our history even presumed to assume .... The President alone, and on his own initiative, has undertaken to pledge our government, our nation, and the lives of 130, 000, 00 persons and their descendants for generations to come.

Dr. Boesak had originally come out in favour of same-sex marriage in 2004, a year before South Africa's Constitutional Court ruled that the denial of marriage rights to gay people was discriminatory and violated the country's constitution.

" It may come as a surprise, then, that this period was one of relative stability in the area of Australian Constitutional Law.

However, on July 25, 2005, Mr. Wolfenson presented himself to the Supreme Court first penal transitory court, because the Constitutional Tribunal declared unconstitutional and abolished law 28658 after only one week of having been issued law by congress, so the Supreme court ordered the Wolfenson brothers to come again to be jailed.

The Federal Constitutional Court took eleven years to come to its decision, and the overall duration of proceedings from the original complaint lasted over 18 years ; Germany was subsequently fined by the European Court of Human Rights for the excessive duration of the case.

Constitutional issues come before the court through disputes between parties as well as through reference questions.

In 1918, after the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, he was in the forefront of the Provisional and the Constitutional National Assemblies of those Cisleithanian " Lands Represented in the Reichsrat " ( the formal description of the Austrian half of the Dual Monarchy ) that predominantly spoke German and had decided to form a nation-state like the other nationalities had done.

Administrative courts, Constitutional Courts and election-control committee were established to strengthen the checks and balance of politics.

Between 1956 and 2011, Tunisia operated as a de-facto single party state, with politics dominated by the secular Constitutional Democratic Rally ( RCD ) under former Presidents Habib Bourgiba and then Zine el Abidine Ben Ali.

Following his defeat in the regional elections of March 2004, he decided to leave partisan politics and to take his seat in the Constitutional Council as a former president of the Republic.

The judicial branch plays a minor role in politics, apart from the Constitutional Tribunal, which can annul laws that violate the freedoms guaranteed in the constitution.

But he was conscientious with his materials ; and it was this which made the Constitutional History one of the standard text-books of English politics.

Chafee entered politics in 1985 as a delegate to the Rhode Island Constitutional Convention.

Working in insurance in Illinois and North Dakota, Fancher first entered politics and was President of the North Dakota Constitutional Convention in 1889.

Besides the Constitutional Convention in May 1787, United States politics was no longer centered in Philadelphia.

Eight months after a military coup forced Thaksin to stay in exile, the party was dissolved on May 30, 2007 by the Constitutional Tribunal for violation of electoral laws, with 111 former party members banned from participating in politics for five years.

Following his departure from politics, Boyer began teaching a new course at the University of Toronto, offered in both the Faculty of Law and the Department of Political Science, titled “ The Law of Canadian Democracy .” In 1999 and 2000 he taught two courses in Canadian Constitutional Law at Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario.

Despite his lack of involvement in national politics prior to the Constitutional Convention, Broom was a dedicated supporter of strong central government.

Carrió entered politics at the request of her mentor, Raúl Alfonsín, was elected to the 1994 Constitutional Amendments Convention, during which she was a leading sponsor of Article 75, section 22, which mandated the adoption of international human rights treaties ratified by Argentina into the Argentine Constitution.

He however remained active in politics, serving as a member of both the 1861 Secession Convention and the 1866 Constitutional convention.

He has authored three books, " Challenge of Change " about his experience in the Texas Legislature and the Constitutional Convention he participated in and was largely responsible for, " Baseball for Real Men " with reflections on life and his love of the game, and " Mayor " about San Antonio politics and his time as Mayor.

Following this disastrous election Fountaine announced his retirement from politics, leaving the Constitutional Movement without a strong leader.

He entered politics in 1843, serving in the Ohio Senate, then later as a delegate from Coshocton County to the Ohio state Constitutional Convention in 1850 and 1851.

Along with the coalition members People Power Party and Matchima, the Thai Nation Party was dissolved by the Constitutional Court on December 2, 2008, with party executives banned from Thai politics for five years, amid charges of electoral fraud during the 2007 election.

He participated primarily in local politics there, although he was a delegate to the Constitutional Union party's national nominating convention, which nominated his old Tennessee nemesis, John Bell, as its presidential candidate.

He retired from federal politics at the 1987 double dissolution, and was subsequently elected Lord Mayor of Perth, in which he served from 1991 until the council's dissolution in 1994, and as a monarchist delegate to the 1998 Constitutional Convention.

* Staatsrecht, Völkerrecht und Politik ( Constitutional law, international law and politics )

However, he left party politics in late 1989, as he was elected into the Constitutional Court of Hungary.

As the country headed back towards the road to multi party politics, Fundikira played a pivotal role in organising the opposition by chairing the first interim structure of an opposition umbrella body under the name National Committee for Constitutional Reforms.

He returned to the Philippines soon after and entered politics as a delegate to the National Constitutional Convention.