Butt was instrumental in fostering links between Constitutional and Revolutionary nationalism through his representation of members of the Fenians Society in court.

In political science, Constitutional autochthony is the process of asserting constitutional nationalism from an external legal or political power.

Chirac, as president of France ( until 16 May 2007 ), enjoyed virtual immunity from prosecution for acts preceding his tenure as president, following from decision 98-408 DC of the Constitutional Council on 22 January 1999.

His inclusion of the latter two freedoms went beyond the traditional US Constitutional values protected by its First Amendment, and endorsed a right to economic security and an internationalist view of foreign policy.

Since its first publication in 1946 the principle has been accepted by Germany's Federal Constitutional Court in a variety of cases.

The constitution explicitly bars changes to some of its clauses, including the term limit, and the move precipitated a Constitutional Crisis.

Constitutional change in Liechtenstein in 2003 gave its head of state, the Prince, constitutional powers that included a veto over legislation and power to dismiss the cabinet.

::: Where the institutions of the Republic, the independence of the Nation, the integrity of its territory or the fulfilment of its international commitments are under serious and immediate threat, and where the proper functioning of the constitutional public authorities is interrupted, the President of the Republic shall take measures required by these circumstances, after formally consulting the Prime Minister, the Presidents of the Houses of Parliament and the Constitutional Council. He shall address the Nation and inform it of such measures. The measures shall be designed to provide the constitutional public authorities as swiftly as possible, with the means to carry out their duties.

On 3 August 2011, the NTC issued a Constitutional Declaration which declares the statehood of Libya as a democracy with Islam as its state religion, in which the state guarantees the rule of law and an independent judiciary as well as civic and human basic rights ( including freedom of religion and women's rights ), and which contains provisions for a phase of transition to a presidential republic with an elected national assembly and a democratically legitimized constitution by 2013.

Where the institutions of the Republic, the independence of the Nation, the integrity of its territory or the fulfilment of its international commitments are under serious and immediate threat, and where the proper functioning of the constitutional public authorities is interrupted, the President of the Republic shall take the measures required by these circumstances, after formally consulting the Prime Minister, the Presidents of the assemblies and the Constitutional Council.

The Constitutional Court has the highest power of review of legislation to ensure its consistency with Slovenia's constitution.

The Constitutional Review Commission set up by Mwanawasa also hit some turbulence, with arguments as to where its findings should be submitted leading to suspicions that he has been trying to manipulate the outcome.

At the Russian parliamentary elections in 1995, with a threshold excluding parties under 5 %, more than 45 % of votes were unrepresented ( in 1998, Russian Constitutional Court found the threshold legal, taking into account limits in its use ).

* May 9 – The U. S. Constitutional Union Party holds its convention and nominates John Bell for President of the United States.

* August 1 – Virginia closes its Reform Constitutional Convention deciding that all white men have the right to vote.

* Dismissal — some constitutions allow a Head of state ( or their designated representative, as is the case in Commonwealth countries ) to dismiss a Head of government, though its use can be controversial, as occurred in 1975 when then Australian Governor-General, Sir John Kerr, dismissed Prime Minister Gough Whitlam in the Australian Constitutional Crisis.

Following the Maltese constitutional referendum, 1964, approved by 54. 5 % of voters, on 21 September 1964, Malta became an independent state as a Constitutional Monarchy, with Queen Elizabeth II as its Head of State.

Before signing a bill into law, the President can also ask the Constitutional Tribunal to verify its compliance with the Constitution, which in practice bears a decisive influence on the legislative process.

The Constitutional Court declared in October 2005 that affirmative action i. e. " providing advantages for people of an ethnic or racial minority group " as being against its Constitution.

That constitution restored the central tenets of the democratic Staatsregeling of 1798, under the guise of a Constitutional monarchy, as its author Johan Rudolf Thorbecke acknowledged.

The Chilean Congress instead chose Allende as President, on the condition that he would sign a " Statute of Constitutional Guarantees " affirming that he would respect and obey the Chilean Constitution, and that his reforms would not undermine any of its elements.

The Constituent Assembly held its first meeting on 21 November 1989 and resolved unanimously to use the 1982 Constitutional Principles in Namibia's new constitution.

Although this is not explicitly spelled out in the Basic Law, a number of Constitutional Court cases in the 1990s established that the military may not be deployed by the government outside of NATO territory without a specific resolution of parliament, which describes the details of the mission and limits its term.

If the legislative were allowed to delegate its powers to the government or to lower decentralized bodies, this would threaten democratic legitimacy and the constitutional protection of the citizen ( as citizens have no recourse to a Constitutional Court ).

In 1965 the county seat was moved to Port Saint Joe, which under its original name Saint Joseph, had been the site of Florida's first Constitutional Convention in 1838.

The Constitutional Court has the greatest expertise in applying international law.

Major events marking the judicial history of Iran during the modern era include the Constitutional Revolution of 1906, which gave the country its first Constitution and Bill of Rights, the fall of the Qajars and the rise of the Pahlavi Dynasty in the 1920s, when accession to a modern judicial organisation became one of Iran ’ s greatest challenges, and the Islamic Revolution.

Even more meaningful was the opinion expressed by an American Constitutional authority, Granville Austin, who wrote that what the Indian Constituent Assembly began was " perhaps the greatest political venture since that originated in Philadelphia in 1787.

After the war a European Federation is formed and Edward is made into a Constitutional Emperor of Europe, a task which he fulfills with great success.

In 1998, he served as a member of the Scottish Constitutional Convention where he pioneered the Scottish devolution referendum success, establishing the Scottish Parliament.

This is a possible explanation of the failure of all attempts by the minority white government of Rhodesia to reach a negotiated settlement and the substantial success of the British initiated negotiations, which culminated in the Lancaster House Constitutional Agreement in 1979.

On the last two occasions the decree of dissolution was challenged without success before the Constitutional Court.

On 2 October 2007 his appeal to the Constitutional Court for his conviction and sentence for corruption and fraud was turned down with the court ruling that " An appeal against conviction and sentence does not bear any reasonable prospect of success ".

As Governor he asked the legislature to call a Constitutional Convention without success.

The local Bishopric ( Mitropolija ) of the Serbian Orthodox Church opposed the destruction and even took the matter to the Constitutional Court, albeit with no success.

Kearney faded from the public's eye by the early 1880s, leaving as his legacy only the anti-Chinese laws that the Workingmen's Party had passed at the 1879 California Constitutional Convention.

The Constitutional Conventions of the 1890s, which met to draft an Australian Constitution, also raised the idea of a federal Supreme Court.

The Constitutional Conventions of the 1890s had set the Governor-General salary at a generous ₤ 10, 000, equivalent to the Canadian office.

:* Zambia Legal Information Institute: Constitutional Development in Northern Rhodesia 1890s – 1964

The Constitution itself is embodied in clause 9 of the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act, which was passed by the British Parliament in 1900 after its text had been negotiated in Australian Constitutional Conventions in the 1890s and approved by the voters in each of the Australian colonies.

Section 51 ( xxix ) was amended a number of times in the Constitutional Conventions that debated the draft Constitution in the 1890s.