Contango is a potential trap for unwary investors.

Also on the list of top sires of FEI dressage horses are # 14 Contango, who stands in the United States, and # 25 Carpaccio.

Contango is the market condition wherein the price of a forward or futures contract is trading above the expected spot price at contract maturity.

* Encyclopædia Britannica, eleventh edition ( 1911 ), articles Backwardation, Contango and Stock Exchange, and fifteenth edition ( 1974 ), articles Contango and Backwardation and Stock Market.

* investopedia Website, Articles on Contango and Backwardation and Stock Market.

* Encyclopædia Britannica, eleventh edition ( 1911 ) and fifteenth edition ( 1974 ), articles Contango and Backwardation and Stock Market.

Or it could include sequestration of proprietary or operational information, such as that on customer datasets, pricing, sales, marketing, research and development, policies, prospective bids, planning or marketing strategies or the changing compositions and locations of production.

Congestion pricing is one of a number of alternative demand side ( as opposed to supply side ) strategies offered by economists to address congestion.

Sometimes firms within a specific industry adopt certain pricing strategies to create barriers to entry, one of the most widely adopted strategy is limit pricing by lowering prices to a level that would force any new entrants to operate at a loss, this strategy is especially effective when the existing firms have a cost advantage over potential entrants.

Much competition in the airline industry revolves around ticket sales ( also known as " seat booking ") strategies ( revenue management, variable pricing, and geo-marketing ).

Congestion pricing is one of a number of alternative demand side ( as opposed to supply side ) strategies offered by economists to address traffic congestion.

This can be achieved through infrastructure investment, subsidies, transport integration, pricing strategies that decrease the marginal cost / fixed cost ratios, improved timetabling and greater priority for buses to reduce journey time e. g. Lanes,.

There are numerous terms and strategies specific to pricing:

Three basic pricing strategies are: market skimming pricing, market penetration pricing and neutral pricing.

The seven Cs also include numerous strategies for product development, distribution, and pricing, while assuming that consumers want two-way communications with companies.

: For other pricing strategies and policies please see here: Pricing strategies

Each of these affiliates was managed by a group of locals who determined product configurations, pricing strategies, and promotional programs based on national or regional preferences.

Lawsuits alleging that some loss-leader pricing strategies amount to illegal business practices have increased in recent years, though the plaintiffs have not always been victorious.

Acceptability of transport pricing strategies.

Profit margin is an indicator of a company's pricing strategies and how well it controls costs.

Dr. Milgrom is an expert in game theory, specifically auction theory and pricing strategies.

Global strategies require firms to tightly coordinate their product and pricing strategies across international markets and locations, and therefore firms that pursue a global strategy are typically highly centralized.

They use information to plan their own marketing, pricing, and production strategies.

In this broader definition, menu costs might include updating computer systems, re-tagging items, and hiring consultants to develop new pricing strategies as well as the literal costs of printing menus.

However, Ontario is installing Smart Meters in all homes and small businesses and is changing the pricing structure to Time of Use pricing.

Reviews have been generally positive, but pricing and small model differences have raised questions.

Much of the true " con artistry " has been driven out of funfairs in the twentieth century, and combined with an increasing emphasis on the role of families and small children in such entertainment, contemporary showmen often find greater profit in pricing their games far above the value of the prizes being offered, with complex formulae for upgrading to the large prizes that advertise the game and instil desire among customers.

The liquidity and small spreads provided by ECNs allow an individual to make near-instantaneous trades and to get favorable pricing.

However, congestion pricing schemes have been used with the main objective of improving urban quality and to preserve historical heritage in the small cities.

Farmers ' cooperatives can also allow groups of small farmers and dairymen to manage pricing and prevent undercutting by competitors.

One of Senator Joyce's major successes was the passage of the Birdsville Amendment, outlawing predatory pricing of big retailers against small business and the capping of share ownership on the sale of Medibank Private to 15 % to keep it in Australians hands as well as being at the forefront of the fight to keep Qantas as an Australian publicly listed company.

As saloon versions of small family cars were rare in Europe, it was sometimes considered a large family car due to its overall length and boot size, despite having smaller rear leg room, and pricing closer to small family cars.

Only a small selection of the show's pricing games have been replicated for the live show:

In finance, various stochastic models are used to model the price movements of financial instruments ; for example the Black Scholes model for pricing options assumes that the underlying instrument follows a traditional diffusion process, with small, continuous, random movements.

After a huge run up in Internet stocks ( 1997 – 1999 ), and facing declining margins from increased manufacturer pricing as well as increased competition from so-called " superstores ", Orban closed all 250 of its loss-generating retail stores to focus entirely on its small, but profitable and growing, web business in January 1998.

Anarchist theorist Murray Rothbard argued that all government services, including defense, are inefficient because they lack a market-based pricing mechanism regulated by the voluntary decisions of consumers purchasing services that fulfill their highest-priority needs and by investors seeking the most profitable enterprises to invest in.

# The capital asset pricing model ( CAPM ) and related portfolio separation theorems, which imply that, in equilibrium, all investors will hold a mixture of the market portfolio and a riskless asset.

" Apple's new pricing strategy caused concern among investors, who thought it would reduce profit margins.

Therefore, under the arbitrage pricing theory, investors who are willing to lock their money in now need to be compensated for the anticipated rise in rates — thus the higher interest rate on long-term investments.

* The efficient market hypothesis asserts that, in a well organized, reasonably transparent market, the market price is generally equal to or close to the fair value, as investors react quickly to incorporate new information about relative scarcity, utility, or potential returns in their bids ; see also Rational pricing.

A similar type of research is performed under the guise of Credit Risk research in which the modeling of the likelihood of default and its pricing is undertaken under different assumptions about investors and about the incentives of management, shareholders and debt holders.

Murray Rothbard argued that all government services, including defense, are inefficient because they lack a market-based pricing mechanism regulated by the voluntary decisions of consumers purchasing services that fulfill their highest-priority needs and by investors seeking the most profitable enterprises to invest in.

The concept of a market portfolio plays an important role in many financial theories and models, including the Capital asset pricing model where it is the only fund in which investors need to invest, to be supplemented only by a risk-free asset, depending upon each investor's attitude towards risk.

* Likewise, cat bond investors, investment banks, and bond rating agencies use cat modeling in the pricing and structuring of catastrophe bond.