* Converting from wire to optical fibers at a physical layer without affecting the data link layer or the network layer except to provide more traffic capacity

Converting an analog signal to digital form introduces a constant low-level noise called quantization noise into the signal which determines the noise floor, but once in digital form the signal can in general be processed or transmitted without introducing additional noise or distortion.

Converting ordinary code into SSA form is primarily a simple matter of replacing the target of each assignment with a new variable, and replacing each use of a variable with the " version " of the variable reaching that point.

Rudy Small, a vice president of the Paper Converting Machine Company, and Jake Rose, president of Kellogg Bank, took the lead in pushing for a new university in the region.

Converting ¥ 1000 to $ 12 in Tokyo and converting that $ 12 into ¥ 1200 in London, for a profit of ¥ 200, would be arbitrage.

Converting CFGs to CNF ( Chomsky Normal Form ), October 17, 2007.

Converting from Christianity to Islam brought considerable advantages, including access to Ottoman trade networks, bureaucratic positions and the army.

Converting the assembled barges into landing craft involved cutting an opening in the bow for off-loading troops and vehicles, welding longitudinal I-beams and transverse braces to the hull to improve seaworthiness, adding a wooden internal ramp and pouring a concrete floor in the hold to allow for tank transport.

Converting a non-ragtime piece of music into ragtime by changing the time values of melody notes is known as " ragging " the piece.

Converting outlines requires filling them in ; converting to bitmaps is not trivial, because bitmaps often don't have sufficient resolution to avoid " stairstepping " (" aliasing "), especially with smaller visible character sizes.

Converting the units between electronvolts and kelvin shows that the barrier would be overcome at a temperature in excess of 120 million kelvins.

Converting all information to clausal form is problematic because it hides the underlying structure of the information.

Converting a formula to DNF involves using logical equivalences, such as the double negative elimination, De Morgan's laws, and the distributive law.

At this stage, some details concerning Wavelength Converting Transponders should be discussed, as this will clarify the role played by current DWDM technology as an additional optical transport layer.

*" The Wandering Image: Converting the Wandering Jew " Iconography and visual art.

* Hanks, William F. ( 2010 ) Converting Words: Maya in the Age of the Cross.

Converting wetlands through drainage and development have contributed to the issue of irregular flood control through forced adaption of water channels to narrower corridors due to loss of wetland area.

Converting lossily compressed data into another format usually either increases its size, or futher decreases its quality.

* Converting S-Video to or from digital video signals, depending on the digital standard involved, requires more processing-such as the CS4954 NTSC / PAL Digital Video Encoder when converting from 27 MHz 8-bit YUV, 8-bit YCbCr, or ITU R. BT656.

Converting such big numbers to base 2 and writing the resulting stream of bits to a file is a trivial process.

Converting this concept into a usable system took years of development and several independent advances.

Converting a blacksmith shop on Sixth Street, the leaders opened the doors of Bethel AME Church on July 29, 1794.

Converting is to apply conversion strategies to convert weaknesses or threats into strengths or opportunities.

Converting adherents of other religions is widely accepted within Christianity.

Converting a proof in this way is called program extraction.

It is the oldest railway tunnel beneath a city street in North America.

Some also claim it to be the oldest subway tunnel in the world, as it was built by the cut and cover method under a city street, specifically for the purposes of improved public safety, attaining grade separation and enhanced railway operations.

Another crossing, the Marmaray tunnel, is a long undersea railway tunnel currently under construction and is expected to be completed in 2015.

The tunnel connects end-to-end with the LGV Nord and High Speed 1 high-speed railway lines.

A railway tunnel and a commercial truck ferry service also travel between Detroit and Windsor.

This started with a shot from a " phantom ride " at the point at which the train goes into a tunnel, and continued with the action on a set representing the interior of a railway carriage, where a man steals a kiss from a woman, and then cuts back to the phantom ride shot when the train comes out of the tunnel.

The second stage, opened in 1999, was a 3 km-long tunnel linked to the first one, allowing the new " underground railway station of Monaco-Monte Carlo " to open.

It is the first steam hauled passenger railway to issue season tickets and include a tunnel.

It is the second highest railway in the world ( following opening of the Qingzang railway in Tibet ), with the Galera summit tunnel under Mount Meiggs at and Galera station at above sea level.

It was a corporate suburb that was planned, designed, and developed as a real estate venture to help offset the costs of building a railway tunnel into the center of Montreal.

The Eskişehir-Istanbul section of the line is scheduled to be completed by 2012, and includes the Marmaray tunnel which will enter service in 2012 and establish the first direct railway connection between Europe and Anatolia. Second high-speed rail line, which has length of 212 km between Ankara and Konya become operational in 2011.

* The first railway tunnel is built en route between Liverpool and Manchester in England.

** WWII: A train stalls inside a railway tunnel outside Salerno, Italy ; 521 choke to death.

* June 16 – 108 die as two passenger trains hit the debris of a collapsed railway tunnel near Soissons, France.

Although this lasts as a railway operation only until November, it demonstrates the technologically successful first use of the cylindrical wrought iron tunnelling shield devised by Peter W. Barlow and James Henry Greathead and of a permanent tunnel lining of cast iron segments.

* 1826 – The first railway tunnel is built en route between Liverpool and Manchester in England.

It consists of a road suspension bridge and railway tunnel between Zealand and the island Sprogø, as well as a box girder bridge between Sprogø and Funen.

A road tunnel and funicular railway ease transport between the lower and upper cities.

The management said they would stop the scenic railway and they could all escape through the tunnel.

The Thurrock Viaduct carries the railway line over the tunnel approach roads, but under the bridge approach, allowing traffic on the bridge a view of the rail line.

The railway line then goes under the river in a tunnel to the east of the crossing.

In 2005, during the construction of a tunnel for one of the city's railway lines, a prehistoric site was found in the Park of Vallparadís, with stone tools and fossils of hunted animals dating back 800, 000 to 1, 000, 000 years, making this is one of the oldest prehistoric sites in Europe.