Although he uses the Peshitta as a basis, he knows that it is not perfect, and therefore controls it by the Hebrew, the Septuagint, the Greek versions of Symmachus, Theodotion, Aquila, by Oriental versions, Armenian and Coptic, and finally by the other Syriac translations, Heraclean, Philoxenian and especially the Syro-Hexapla.

) Cyrillic is basically a true alphabet, but has syllabic letters for ( я, е, ю ); Coptic has a letter for.

Athanasius is venerated as a Christian saint, whose feast day is 2 May in Western Christianity, 15 May in the Coptic Orthodox Church, and 18 January in the other Eastern Orthodox Churches.

The earlier date, 293, is sometimes assigned and apparently supported by the authority of a " Coptic Fragment " ( published by Dr. O. von Lemm among the Mémoires de l ' académie impériale des sciences de S. Péterbourg, 1888 ) and corroborated by the maturity revealed in his two earliest treatises Contra Gentes ( Against the Heathens ) and De Incarnatione ( On the Incarnation ), which were admittedly written about the year 318 before Arianism had begun to make itself felt, as those writings do not show an awareness of Arianism.

However, in Coptic literature, St Athanasius is the first patriarch of Alexandria to use Coptic as well as Greek in his writings.

The relic of St Athanasius the Great of Alexandria is currently preserved under the new Saint Mark Coptic Orthodox Cathedral in Deir El-Anba Rowais, Abbassiya, Cairo, Egypt.

In Coptic literature, St. Athanasius is the first patriarch of Alexandria to use Coptic as well as Greek in his writings.

He is celebrated in many churches on his feast days: 30 January in the Old-Calendar Eastern Orthodox Church and the Coptic Orthodox Church ; 17 January in the New-Calendar Eastern Orthodox Church, the Bulgarian Orthodox Church, the Roman Catholic Church and the Coptic Catholic Church.

The Books of the Bible are listed differently in the canons of Judaism and the Catholic, Protestant, Greek Orthodox, Slavonic Orthodox, Coptic, Georgian Orthodox, Armenian Apostolic, Syriac, Ethiopian and Eritrean Orthodox churches, although there is substantial overlap.

In the Coptic Orthodox Church chapter three is chanted on the twelfth hour of the Good Friday service, that commemorates the burial of Jesus.

It is also situated at the nucleus of Coptic Orthodox community, which separated from the Roman and Byzantine church in the late 4th century.

This miaphysite position, historically characterised by Chalcedonian followers as " monophysitism " though this is denied by the dissenters, formed the basis for the distinction from other churches of the Coptic Church of Egypt and Ethiopia and the " Jacobite " churches of Syria and Armenia ( see Oriental Orthodoxy ).

He is also known for his involvement in the expulsion of Novatians and Jews from Alexandria and the murder of the Hellenistic philosopher Hypatia by Coptic monks.

The Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria is the official name for the largest Christian church in Egypt and the Middle East.

Christianity spread throughout Egypt within half a century of Saint Mark's arrival in Alexandria, as is clear from the New Testament writings found in Bahnasa, in Middle Egypt, which date around the year AD 200, and a fragment of the Gospel of John, written in Coptic, which was found in Upper Egypt and can be dated to the first half of the 2nd century.

A term that comes closer to Coptic Orthodoxy is miaphysite, which refers to a conjoined nature for Christ, both human and divine, united indivisibly in the Incarnate Logos.

The Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria believes that Christ is perfect in His divinity, and He is perfect in His humanity, but His divinity and His humanity were united in one nature called " the nature of the incarnate word ", which was reiterated by Saint Cyril of Alexandria.

The number of Coptic Orthodox Christians in the diaspora is roughly 4 million.

The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church and the Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church do acknowledge the Honorary Supremacy of the Coptic Orthodox Patriarch of Alexandria, since the Church of Alexandria is technically their Mother Church.

It is known as the Coptic calendar or the Alexandrian Calendar.

The Coptic Orthodox Church is thus considered an Old Calendrist Church.

Thoth's chief temple was located in the city of Khmun, later renamed Hermopolis Magna during the Greco-Roman era ( in reference to him through the Greeks ' interpretation that he was the same as their god Hermes ) and Eshmûnên in the Coptic rendering.

The name Faiyum comes from Coptic / efiom / peiom ( whence the proper name payoum ), meaning the Sea or the Lake, which in turn comes from late Egyptian pA y-m of the same meaning, a reference to the nearby Lake Moeris.

Peter the Deacon mentions that Basil's Liturgy was " used by nearly the whole East "; however, the Coptic rite uses another Liturgy which is also attributed to Saint Basil, so Peter the Deacon's reference may not be to the Liturgy of St.

And importantly, there are occasions in the Gospel of Philip when the regular Coptic word for wife is used directly in reference to people who are clearly spouses, suggesting that the term koinônos is “ reserved for a more specific usage " in the Gospel of Philip.

The Oriental Orthodox Churches, which today include the Coptic Orthodox Church, the Armenian Apostolic Church, the Syriac Orthodox Church, the Malankara Orthodox Church of India, the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church, and the Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church, are referred to as " Non-Chalcedonian ", and, sometimes by outsiders as " monophysite " ( meaning " One Nature ", in reference to Christ ; a rough translation of the name Tewahido ).

In the Catholic Church ( both the Latin Rite and Eastern Catholic ), Eastern Orthodox, Coptic and Anglican abbeys, the mode of election, position, rights, and authority of an abbess correspond generally with those of an abbot.

Previously, if a Coptic Orthodox and Greek Orthodox wanted to get married, the marriage had to be performed twice, once in each church, for it to be recognized by both.

File: Coptic Bible. JPG | Prayer book, known as Book of Psalmodies, written in both Coptic and Arabic

Both the Greek and Coptic Orthodox churches have a bishop in Alexandria, both of whom trace their apostolic succession back to the Apostle Mark.

Since the papacy of Heraclas in the 3rd century, the Bishop of the Alexandria in both the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria and the Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria continue to be called " Pope ", the former being called " Coptic Pope " or, more properly, " Pope and Patriarch of All Africa on the Holy Orthodox and Apostolic Throne of Saint Mark the Evangelist and Holy Apostle " and the last called " Pope and Patriarch of Alexandria and All Africa ".

In addition to influencing the grammar, vocabulary, and syntax of Egyptian Arabic, Coptic has lent to both Arabic and Biblical Hebrew such words as:

On comparing the Greek fragments from Oxyrhynchus with the fuller Coptic version, Nicholas Perrin argues that the differences can be attributed to the reliance of both on a common Syriac source.

The Coptic Orthodox Church uses both the terms " Maundy Thursday " and " Covenant Thursday " for the holy day.

Instead the Church has religious congregations such as the three communities for women: the Sisters of the Sacred Heart, the Coptic Sisters of Jesus and Mary ( both based in Egypt ) and the Egyptian Province of the Little Sisters of Jesus.

The GNU observes both Muslim and Christian holidays, including Eid al-Adha, the Islamic New Year, the Birth of the Prophet Muhammad, Coptic Easter, Israa Wal Mi ' Raaj, Eid ul-Fitr and Christmas.

The stitching of the binding uses " Coptic sewing ", that is " flexible unsupported sewing ( produced by two needles and thread looping round one another in a figure-of-eight sewing pattern )" Coptic sewing uses small threads both to attach the leaves together and, knotted together, to attach the pages to the cover boards.

Since both works concern the Coptic names of Egyptian towns, and Champollion's was published later, Champollion was accused by some of plagiarism.

There is a possibility that Sha was taken from the Coptic alphabet, which was the same as the Greek alphabet but had a few letters added at the end, including one called " shai " which somewhat resembles both sha and shcha ( Щ, щ ) in appearance.

Since the early centuries of Christianity, the Greek phrase, Kýrie, eléison, is also extensively used in the Coptic ( Egyptian ) Christian liturgy, which uses both the Coptic and the Greek language.

The Babylonian name for " Egypt " was written in syllabic cuneiform as Ḫikuptaḥ, which was taken from an Egyptian name for Memphis, the old capital of Egypt, Ḥwt-kЗ-Ptḥ, " House-of-the-Spirit-of-Ptah " ( i. e., the Temple of Ptah ), which by extension became the name for " Egypt / Aegyptus / Egyptus " = Coptic ekepta, and Αἴγυπτος in Homer as both Nile River and country, and in Bibliotheca ( 2. 1. 4-5 ), as the eponymous son of Belus & Anchinoe, who first conquers Egypt.

Over time, more and more Old Nubian began to appear in both secular and religious documents, and the language also influenced the use of Greek and Coptic in the region ( e. g., some confusion of Greek grammatical genders & use of variant verb tenses ).

Old Nubian is written in an uncial variant of the Coptic alphabet, including three unique letters: / ɲ / and / w / are both apparently derived from Meroitic script ; so is also / ŋ /, unless it is a ligature of two Greek gammas.

* It records the date both in the Islamic calendar ( Jumada I, year 22 ) and in the Coptic calendar ( 30 Pharmouthi, 1st indiction ), allowing confirmation of the traditional date of the Hijra.

The Berber language is related both to Semitic languages, among them Arabic, Hebrew, and Aramaic, and to ancient Egyptian, Coptic, and the Cushitic languages spoken in Ethiopia and Somalia.