Copyright law recognises the right of an author based on whether the work actually is an original creation, rather than based on whether it is unique ; two authors may own copyright on two substantially identical works, if it is determined that the duplication was coincidental, and neither was copied from the other.

For example, in English law the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 provides that if a copyrighted work is made by an employee in the course of that employment, the copyright is automatically owned by the employer which would be a " Work for Hire.

Some signals carry encryption and specify use conditions ( such as " may not be recorded " or " may not be viewed on displays larger than 1 m in diagonal measure ") backed up with the force of law under the WIPO Copyright Treaty and national legislation implementing it, such as the U. S. Digital Millennium Copyright Act.

Category: Copyright law

Under United States Copyright Law, " titles, names [...]; mere variations of typographic ornamentation, lettering, or coloring " are not eligible for copyright ; however, the appearance of signatures ( not the names themselves ) may be protected under copyright law.

Talfourd's Act was finally passed as the Copyright Act 1842, but " fell far short of Talfourd's dream of a uniform, consistent, codified law of copyright ".

* Warez Trading and Criminal Copyright Infringement – An article on warez trading and the law, including a recap of US prosecutions under the No Electronic Theft Act.

The World Intellectual Property Organization Copyright Treaty, abbreviated as the WIPO Copyright Treaty or WCT, is an international treaty on copyright law adopted by the member states of the World Intellectual Property Organization ( WIPO ) in 1996.

The WIPO Copyright Treaty is implemented in United States law by the Digital Millennium Copyright Act ( DMCA ).

** The Copyright Act of 1976 takes effect, making sweeping changes to United States copyright law.

Category: Copyright law

Category: Copyright Clause case law

Some copyright owners use EULAs in an effort to circumvent limitations the applicable copyright law places on their copyrights ( such as the limitations in sections 107-122 of the United States Copyright Act ), or to expand the scope of control over the work into areas for which copyright protection is denied by law ( such as attempting to charge for, regulate or prevent private performances of a work beyond a certain number of performances or beyond a certain period of time ).

Category: Copyright law

However, according to the US Copyright Office, Circular 9 " the termination provisions of the law do not apply to works made for hire.

* Copyright law of the European Union

Category: Copyright law

* Copyright law of the United Kingdom

# REDIRECT Copyright law of the United States

The work is registered with the U. S. Copyright Office but has yet to be released to the public.

Copyright has grown from a legal concept regulating copying rights in the publishing of books and maps to one with a significant effect on nearly every modern industry, covering such items as sound recordings, films, photographs, software, and architectural works.

For a work to be considered pirated, its illegitimate use must have occurred in a nation that has domestic copyright laws and / or adheres to a bilateral treaty or established international convention such as the Berne Convention or WIPO Copyright Treaty.

However, the legality has changed somewhat with the controversial Digital Millennium Copyright Act.

Copyright in origami designs and the use of models has become an increasingly important issue as the internet has made the sale and distribution of pirated designs very easy.

The Digital Millennium Copyright Act has provisions to outlaw circumventing of such devices to protect

The Copyright Board has handed the task of collecting and distributing the funds to the Canadian Private Copying Collective, which is a non-profit private organization.

* In January 2008, the Federal Court of Appeal overturned the Copyright Board's July 2007 decision, stating that its previous ruling in the 2005 Canadian Private Copying Collective v. Canadian Storage Media Alliance case is dispositive authority for the proposition that " the Copyright Board has no legal authority to certify a tariff on digital audio recorders or on the memory permanently embedded in digital audio recorders.

Since then, the three-step test has been modified and transplanted into the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, the WIPO Copyright Treaty ( Article 10 ), the WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty, the Directive on the legal protection of computer programs ( Article 6 ( 3 )), the EU Database Directive ( Article 6 ( 3 )), and the EU Copyright Directive ( Article 5 ( 5 )).

To date, only one case ( before a WTO dispute settlement panel, involving U. S. copyright exemptions allowing restaurants, bars and shops to play radio and TV broadcasts without paying licensing fees, passed in 1998 as a rider to the Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act ) has actually required an interpretation of the test.

The implementation of directives on copyright has been rather more controversial than for many other subjects, as can be seen by the six judgments for non-transposition of the Copyright Directive.

In 2001, he claimed to have broken the HDCP system that is incorporated into HD DVD and Blu-ray Discs players, similar to the DVDs Content Scramble System, but has not published his research, citing the Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998, which would make such publication illegal.

Hong Kong has broad copyright protection thanks to its open-qualification system under Copyright Ordinance ss177 ( 1 )( a ), 177 ( 1 )( b ) and 178.

Access Copyright has also started charging universities for e-mailing links to copyrighted information, even in cases where there was no copyrighted material present.

While the purpose of the copyright system has always been to promote creativity in society, the functions of the Copyright Office have grown to include the following:

The website has information about new copyright relevant legislation and a list of designated agents under the Digital Millennium Copyright Act ( DMCA ) and the Online Copyright Infringement Liability Limitation Act ( OCILLA ) and information about Copyright Arbitration Royalty Panel ( CARP ) system of ad hoc copyright royalty arbitrators ( now being phased out and replaced by the Copyright Royalty Board ).

It is widely believed that game mechanics are uncopyrightable in the USA, and according to a circular on the US Copyright Office's website, " Once a game has been made public, nothing in the copyright law prevents others from developing another game based on similar principles.

In the U. S., the Online Copyright Infringement Liability Limitation Act ( OCILLA ) portion of the U. S. Digital Millennium Copyright Act has expanded the legal definition of online service in two different ways for different portions of the law.

However, in a recently issued, official statement, US Copyright Office concluded, that the copyright for Bikram's sequence of 26 postures had been issued in error.

So, you've probably been sued by the SABAM ( Belgian Copyright Company ) because of the Waterkeyn Family.

Independent shops were risky in the 1740s because no strict copyright laws, other than the Engraving Copyright Act of 1734 ( known as " Hogarth's Act "), had yet been instituted.

Of the more than 500 articles Russian Kurier had copied from 1992 to 1995, the court considered 317 copyrighted in the U. S. as " Berne Works " ( i. e., works originally published in another member country of the Berne Convention, of which the U. S. had been a member since 1989 ), and a further 28 first published in Russia before March 13, 1995 were copyrighted in the U. S. because they were indeed registered at the U. S. Copyright Office, accounting for a total of 345 copyright violations.

The facts of the underlying dispute are as follows: when King made his speech publicly to a large audience both live and televised it had not been submitted to the Register of Copyright to obtain federal copyright protection.

Prentice has been headed with changing Canadian intellectual property laws akin to the Digital Millennium Copyright Act ( DMCA ) in the United States.

It has been pointed out repeatedly, however, that at the time of Prentice's statement of his rationale for introducing amendments to the Copyright Act, there was no international legal obligation to implement any provision of the World Intellectual Property Organization ( WIPO ) Copyright Treaty ( WCT ) or the WIPO Performances & Phonograms Treaty ( WPPT ) since neither had been ratified by Canada.

* Copyright is uncertain, but presumed to have been owned by the Lightburn company which is now defunct.

* Copyright is uncertain, but presumed to have been owned by the Lightburn company which is now defunct.

Section 602 ( a )( 1 ) of the Copyright statute states that " importation into the United States, without the authority of the owner of copyright under this title, of copies or phonorecords of a work that have been acquired outside the United States is an infringement of the exclusive right to distribute copies or phonorecords.

Orders comparable to Anton Piller orders have long been available in the United States under section 503 ( a ) of the Copyright Act ( 17 U. S. C, § 503 ( a )), which provides for the impounding of allegedly infringing copies of works and equipment for making them.

The unauthorized decryption of CSS-encrypted DVD content and / or the unauthorized distribution of CSS decryption tools may violate the US Digital Millennium Copyright Act, although the decryption of CSS-encrypted DVD content has been temporarily authorized for certain purposes ( such as documentary filmmaking that uses short portions of DVD content for criticism and / or commentary ) under the Digital Millennium Copyright Act anticircumvention exemptions that were issued by the US Copyright Office in 2010.

Copyright law has also been extended to threaten the very creativity that is a central value of our society, burdening it " with insanely complex and vague rules and with the threat of obscenely severe penalties.

Copyright retained with Laser Card Services Ltd, symbol shown as it is a corporate logo, image has been taken from www. laser. ie and is reduced in size with general image usage policy.