Crick began a Ph. D. research project on measuring viscosity of water at high temperatures ( which he later described as " the dullest problem imaginable ") in the laboratory of physicist Edward Neville da Costa Andrade at University College, London, but with the outbreak of World War II ( in particular, an incident during the Battle of Britain when a bomb fell through the roof of the laboratory and destroyed his experimental apparatus ), Crick was deflected from a possible career in physics.

Orgel also later worked with Crick at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies.

Confirmation and clarity came a year later in 1953, when James D. Watson and Francis Crick correctly hypothesized, in their journal article " Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid ", the double helix structure of DNA, and suggested the copying mechanism by which DNA functions as hereditary material.

The Nobel prize winner Francis Crick, along with Leslie Orgel proposed seeds of life may have been purposely spread by an advanced extraterrestrial civilization, but considering an early " RNA world " Crick noted later that life originating may have originated on Earth.

Orgel also later worked with Crick at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies.

Two decades later, Francis Crick predicted a functional RNA component which mediated translation ; he reasoned that RNA is better suited to base-pair with an mRNA transcript than a pure polypeptide.

Crick, one of the co-discoverers of the molecular structure of DNA in 1953, later became a theorist for neurobiology and the study of the brain.

William Dewy also makes a brief appearance in Hardy's later novel Tess of the d ' Urbervilles: he is featured in a brief anecdote about ' old Wessex ' that Dairyman Crick shares with Tess, Angel Clare and the rest of the dairymen and milkmaids.

It was also in the early 1950s that Crick and Watson gave the double helix model of the DNA, at the same time as psychologists at the MIT including Kurt Lewin, Jacob Levy Moreno and Fritz Heider laid the foundations for group dynamics research which later developed into social network analysis.

In his molecular biology period, Benzer dissected the fine structure of a single gene, laying down the ground work for decades of mutation analysis and genetic engineering, and setting up a paradigm using the rII phage that would later be used by Francis Crick and Sidney Brenner to establish the triplet code of DNA.

Watson and Crick ( who later won the Nobel Prize for their double-helix model ) originally considered a triple-helix model, as did Pauling and Corey, who published a proposal for their triple-helix model in the 1953 scientific journal Nature, as well as fellow scientist Fraser.

It is occasionally said that Watson and Crick identified (" cracked ") the genetic code in this paper, but this work was done later, mostly by other researchers ( see Genetic code # Discovery ).

In 1947, Crick began studying biology and became part of an important migration of physical scientists into biology research.

When it became clear to Wilkins and the supervisors of Watson and Crick that Franklin was going to the new job, and that Linus Pauling was working on the structure of DNA, they were willing to share Franklin's data with Watson and Crick, in the hope that they could find a good model of DNA before Pauling was able.

The school expanded and moved within two years to 17 Crick Road, which became known as " School House ".

Before becoming an MP, he was president of the National Union of Students from 1984 to 1986, a television producer for the BBC on Newsnight from 1988 to 1990 ( where he became firm friends with fellow Manchester United supporter Michael Crick ), producer at ITN's Channel 4 News from 1990 to 1991 and head of communications at the GMB trade union from 1991 to 1997.

Thus it became the place where Francis Crick interrupted patrons ' lunchtime on 28 February 1953 to announce that he and James Watson had " discovered the secret of life " after they had come up with their proposal for the structure of DNA.

When James Watson came to Cambridge, Crick was a 35-year-old graduate student ( due to his work during WWII ) and Watson was only 23, but he already had a Ph. D.

His first graduate student was James D. Watson, who went on to discover the structure of DNA with Francis Crick.

When appointed Professor of Political Theory and Political Institutions at Sheffield in 1965 Crick told Beaver, the LSE student newspaper, that he was " going to a better place from the point of view of teaching students ".

When Labour came to power in 1997, Crick was appointed by his former student David Blunkett to head up an advisory group on citizenship education.

Also included are retrospectives from a 1974 edition of Nature written by Francis Crick and Linus Pauling, and an analysis of Franklin's work by her student Aaron Klug.

( Randall had turned down Francis Crick from working at King's College.

) Francis Crick and Maurice Wilkins of King's College were personal friends, which influenced subsequent scientific events as much as the close friendship between Crick and James Watson.

Crick and Wilkins first met at King's College and not, as erroneously recorded by two authors, at the Admiralty during World War II.

Using " Photo 51 " ( the X-ray diffraction results of Raymond Gosling and Rosalind Franklin of King's College London, given to them by Gosling and Franklin's colleague Maurice Wilkins ), Watson and Crick together developed a model for a helical structure of DNA, which they published in 1953.

In order to construct their model of DNA, Watson and Crick made use of information from unpublished X-ray diffraction images of Franklin's ( shown at meetings and freely shared by Wilkins ), including preliminary accounts of Franklin's results / photographs of the X-ray images that were included in a written progress report for the King's College laboratory of Sir John Randall from late 1952.

The key problem for Watson and Crick, which could not be resolved by the data from King's College, was to guess how the nucleotide bases pack into the core of the DNA double helix.

During the early 1950s, while Watson and Crick were determining the structure of deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA ), they made use of unpublished X-ray diffraction images taken by Rosalind Franklin, shown at meetings and shared with them by Maurice Wilkins, and of Franklin's preliminary account of her detailed analysis of the X-ray images included in an unpublished 1952 progress report for the King's College laboratory of Sir John Randall.

This information from Wilkins, along with additional information gained by Watson when he heard Franklin talk about her research during a King's College research meeting, stimulated Watson and Crick to create their first molecular model of DNA, a model with the phosphate backbones at the center.

Through Max Perutz, his thesis supervisor, Crick gained access to a progress report from King's College that included useful information from Franklin about the features of DNA she had deduced from her x-ray diffraction data.

It has now been acquired as the site for the Francis Crick Institute ( formerly the UK Centre for Medical Research and Innovation ), a major medical research institute being established by a partnership of Cancer Research UK, Imperial College London, King's College London, the Medical Research Council, University College London ( UCL ) and the Wellcome Trust.

Crick was born in England and educated at Whitgift School, University College London, and the London School of Economics for his doctorate ( 1950 – 52 ).

His first wife was Joyce Crick, married September 1953, herself a senior lecturer in German at University College, London, and well known as a translator of Thomas Mann and Sigmund Freud.

* Bernard Crick ( professor of politics, Birkbeck College, London University )

* MRC National Institute for Medical Research ( NIMR ) including the MRC Biomedical NMR Centre ( planned to move to the new Francis Crick Institute in 2015, a partnership between the MRC, Cancer Research UK, Imperial College London, King's College London, the Wellcome Trust and University College London )

Francis Crick and James D. Watson at Cambridge University and Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin at King's College London.

Crick then studied at New College, Oxford, where he gained a first class degree in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics ( PPE ).

The MRC has maintained its commitment to relocate NIMR and has launched a project, together with the Wellcome Trust, Cancer Research UK and University College London, to construct the Francis Crick Institute on a site adjacent to the British Library and St Pancras Station in London.

For the better part of two years, Crick worked on the physical properties of cytoplasm at Cambridge's Strangeways Laboratory, headed by Honor Bridget Fell, with a Medical Research Council studentship, until he joined Max Perutz and John Kendrew at the Cavendish Laboratory.

During their model building, Crick and Watson learned that an antiparallel orientation of the two nucleotide chain backbones worked best to orient the base pairs in the centre of a double helix.

Sir Lawrence Bragg, the director of the Cavendish Laboratory, where Watson and Crick worked, gave a talk at Guys Hospital Medical School in London on Thursday 14 May 1953 which resulted in an article by Ritchie Calder in The News Chronicle of London, on Friday 15 May 1953, entitled " Why You Are You.

All were impressed by the new DNA model, especially Brenner who subsequently worked with Crick at Cambridge in the Cavendish Laboratory and the new Laboratory of Molecular Biology.

Francis Crick already worked in the Medical Research Council Unit, headed by Max Perutz and housed in the Cavendish Laboratory, when James Watson came from the United States and they made a breakthrough in discovering the structure of DNA.

Sir Lawrence Bragg, the director of the Cavendish Laboratory, where Watson and Crick worked, gave a talk at Guys Hospital Medical School in London on Thursday 14 May 1953 which resulted in an article by Ritchie Calder in The News Chronicle of London, on Friday 15 May 1953, entitled " Why You Are You.

All were impressed by the new DNA model, especially Brenner who subsequently worked with Crick at Cambridge in the Cavendish Laboratory and the new Laboratory of Molecular Biology.

Sir Lawrence Bragg, the director of the Cavendish Laboratory, where Watson and Crick worked, gave a talk at Guys Hospital Medical School in London on Thursday 14 May 1953 which resulted in an article by Ritchie Calder in the News Chronicle of London, on Friday 15 May 1953, entitled " Why You Are You.

All were impressed by the new DNA model, especially Brenner who subsequently worked with Crick at Cambridge in the Cavendish Laboratory and the new Laboratory of Molecular Biology.

All were impressed by the new DNA model, especially Brenner who subsequently worked with Crick ; Orgel himself also worked with Crick at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies.

( It is possible that he worked with Francis Crick, who was researching the same problem.

Many eminent theorists, including Francis Crick and Roger Penrose, have worked in this field.

In addition, a number of Nobel Prize winners worked with phage T4 or T4-like phages including Max Delbrück, Salvador Luria, Alfred Hershey, James D. Watson, and Francis Crick.

Sir Lawrence Bragg, the director of the Cavendish Laboratory, where Watson and Crick worked, gave a talk at Guys Hospital Medical School in London on Thursday, May 14, 1953 which resulted in an article by Ritchie Calder in The News Chronicle of London, on Friday, May 15, 1953, entitled " Why You Are You.

While studying for his A-levels, Crick worked as the election agent for Labour candidate Gerry Collier.

Watson and Crick also worked in the MRC-supported Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge whereas Drs.

Crick was thus in a unique position to make this interpretation because he had previously worked on the X-ray diffraction data for other large molecules that had similar, helical symmetry to that of DNA.